Suchergebnisse

В данной статье исследуются способы передачи стилистических функций фразеологических единиц (ФЕ), не подвергшихся авторской переработке, при переводе детективов А. Кристи на русский язык. Актуальность проведенного исследования не вызывает сомнения и заключается в том, что передача фразеологических единиц при переводе художественного произведения с одного языка на другой требует поиска вариантов, которые отвечали бы требованиям адекватного и эквивалентного перевода в плане реализации стилистических и эмоциональных функций фразеологизмов, выраженных автором в оригинале. Исследование проведено на материале романов детективного жанра Агаты Кристи, одной из самых читаемых писательниц этого жанра в мире. В статье используется комплекс лингвистических методов исследования, в том числе описательный метод, метод сплошной выборки фразеологизмов, метод сопоставительного анализа переводов, метод контекстуального анализа. В выводах охарактеризованы и систематизированы наиболее адекватные способы передачи фразеологизмов, которые в полной, частичной или измененной форме могут воссоздать в переводе стилистический фон детектива.
This article examines the ways of transferring of stylistic functions of phraseological units that have not undergone author's processing in the translation of A. Christie's detectives into Russian. The relevance of the conducted research is beyond doubt and lies in the fact that the transfer of phraseological units when translating a literary work from one language to another requires the search for variants that would meet the requirements of an adequate and equivalent translation in terms of the implementation of stylistic and emotional functions of phraseological units expressed by the author in the original. The study was conducted on the material of detective novels by Agatha Christie, one of the most widely read writers of this genre in the world. The article uses a set of linguistic research methods, including the descriptive method, the method of continuous sampling of phraseological units, the method of comparative translation analysis, contextual analysis method. The conclusion characterizes and systematizes the most adequate ways of transferring of phraseological units, which in full, partial or modified form can recreate the stylistic background of a detective in translation.

The article analyzes proverbs constituting the concept 'friendship-enmity'. The research was based on the semantic analysis, syntactic analysis, cognitive analysis and the descriptive method. Lak proverbs served as material for the study. Lexical and semantic analysis revealed the following lexemes representing the concept 'friendship-enmity': dus 'friend', dushivu 'friendship', hala-hurttushivu 'friendship', dushman 'enemy'. The most representative lexeme in this row is dus while the least represented is hala-hurttushivu. The proverbs were subdivided into the following lexico-semantic layers: (1) friendship is a blessing; (2) a friend is known in hardship; (3) a bad friend is an evil; (4) a friend and an enemy are antipodes; (5) friendship with people equal in status; (6) a man is in need of a friend. According to the Lak worldview, friendship is one of the greatest blessings in a person's life. A true friend is sincere and reliable, unlike the enemy that does not lose an opportunity to do harm. Syntactic analysis has revealed the presence of proverbs with asyndetic structure within which there have been established comparative, adversative and concessive relations, as well as of proverbs with copulative and conditional conjunctions. The most widely represented are the proverbs with the copulative conjunction -gu. Some proverbs have a figurative meaning. There have also been singled out proverbs with zoomorphic code of culture in which positive and negative characteristics of a person are actualized, where bigger animals symbolize a person of high social status, while smaller ones symbolize a man standing at the bottom of the social ladder. Some of the proverbs are based on the principle of metaphoric transference. Certain proverbs are based on the principle of alogism stemming from a semantic conflict. The concept 'friendship-enmity' has not been studied earlier in the Lak language which renders this research relevant

The article analyzes the process of adaptation of labor migrants from Central Asia in the Republic of Tatarstan. Today, migrants occupy a significant place in modern Russian society. In terms of the number of incoming migrants, Russia occupies one of the leading places in the world. In our study, we studied the process of adaptation of the largest ethnic groups from Central Asia (Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Tajiks, Kirghiz). We were interested in how the process of adaptation of labor migrants from Central Asia takes place, what adaptation strategy they choose in certain circumstances, what problems they face, how they solve them and whose help they turn to in solving them. In addition, it was important to study the readiness of the local population to accept labor migrants arriving in our country. During the study, two main methods were used: expert interviews and population surveys. During the expert interview, experts from various fields were interviewed: researchers, public figures, civil servants of the Republic of Tatarstan. According to the results, it was revealed that the adaptation process is very ambiguous and complex: every year, mainly at the expense of young people, the share of labor migrants increases, whose level of Russian language proficiency is very low, this fact negatively affects adaptation. In addition, the choice of adaptation strategy largely depends on the goals of the incoming migrant. An important role in the success (or, conversely, failure) of adaptation is played by the local host population. A survey was conducted among residents of Tatarstan, in which 400 respondents were interviewed using a questionnaire created in a Google Form. The results showed that the majority of respondents are ready to accept labor migrants and do not see any serious reasons for preventing the latter from entering the territory of Tatarstan. However, some respondents have a negative attitude towards them and are in favor of limiting their stay in the Republic of Tatarstan.

This article examines two poetic translations of Dante Alighieri's "Vita Nuova" by V.S. Solovyov. At the present time, Solovyov's specific experiments of translation are merely considered in the field of literary studies, although a general assessment of them has been given in the past by scholars such as A.F. Losev, Z.G. Mints, T.F. Teperik, A.A. Asoyan and others. The logic underlying the selection of the translated materials might indicate a special attitude of Solovyov in choosing names and works, which are significant for the understanding and realization of the poetry tasks. The author of this article demonstrates that such was the name of Dante Alighieri, which embodied a special myth concerning the spiritual transformation of man through one's love for a woman. This myth was in harmony with the concept of art, as the latter is reflected in many works of the philosopher. The author also proves that Solovyov, who knew Italian language quite well, translates Dante's sonnets rather freely: in this way, he is able to keep the ideological content of the original text while also offering a different Russian translation. The specific character of Solovyov's translations is here considered in comparison with the three other translations of the same sonnets made by the professional linguists and translators: M.I. Liverovskaya, A.M. Efros, and I.N. Golenischev-Kutuzov. The author maintains that the distinctive "Italian" canon of the sonnet genre is preserved in Solovyov's translation: this fact would demonstrate the philosopher's adherence to the European poetic tradition. The article finally analyzes V. Solovyov's translations from the point of view of their connection with his corpus of lyrical poems. In conclusion, the author sums up the basic principles of V.S. Solovyov's translation work and clarifies the nature of the dialogical connection between his poetic heritage and Dante's lyrics.

The article describes the semantic collocability of Russian phraseological units. The main indicators of the combinability of phraseological units have been studied. The different views of linguists on idiom collocability are valence.
Phraseologism does not exist without an environment, isolated, therefore, in the limit of inaccuracies, it is necessary to delimit the words included in the phraseological unit from those that go beyond its scope and environment. Accompanying words included in the obligatory environment of a phraseological unit clarify its semantics and combined properties, and satellite words are also present in the environment of a phraseological unit, but already more distant from it, optional, the scope of the Russian language and are once again found on various compatibility possibilities subject to it. Accompanying phraseological units that are closer in terms of identification, they can be called "comrades", assistants in the implementation of the meanings of phraseological units. Companion words are more distant from phraseological units than accompanying words, words of the environment, which, when used with separate phraseological units, reveal our semantics to a greater extent. The author found out that with the development of polysemy and abstractness of the semantics of accompanying words, their gradual convergence with the components and blurring of the boundaries between phraseological units can occur. Sometimes a satellite word can become a constant companion of a phraseological unit and, as a result, move into the category of accompanying words. Accompanying words and satellite words are a necessary part of a phraseological unit and a dictionary entry of a modern phraseological dictionary of any type. Both traditional and educational dictionaries should not only offer an explanation of the meaning of an unknown word or expression, but also show how to use it correctly in speech. As the title implies the article describes.

Dante's impact on music has been studied completely enough, but so far mainly in an empirical and descriptive way. The article examines the works of romantic composers of the 19th - early 20th centuries, based on the plot of Dante's "Divine Comedy": Liszt's fantasy-sonata "After reading Dante" and the "Dante-Symphony", the "Francesca da Rimini" by Tchaikovsky (symphonic fantasy) and Rachmaninoff (opera). The author analyses compositional and stylistic models of the romantic music inspired by Dante's poetry as a system, which is relevant for modern musicology, in particular, for the theories of musical language, style, and musical meaning. Along with the traditional musicological methods of analysis of form and intonational dramaturgy, an interdisciplinary methodology is applied, associated with the coverage of the entire system of musical compositional prototypes as a structuring of meaning. This has a pronounced narrative poetic nature in romantic music. The results of the study demonstrate a system of structural and semantic invariants (secondary, musical models) conditioned by Dante's figurative world and manifested in melody, harmony, fret organization, composition. The conclusions of the article reveal the roles of Dante's models of the world in the works considered in the following aspects: in the process of extreme intensification of the contrasts of romantic music in the semantic coordinates of "Hell – Paradise"; "Love – Death"; in the approval of the concept of Liebestod; in the creation of new, extreme expressive possibilities for the given style, which significantly expanded the idea of the boundaries of beauty and caused transformations in musical sound (harmony, texture, melody); in the formation of stable idioms of romantic music from Liszt to Rachmaninov; in the modification of the structures of a one-part sonata, of the cyclic symphony, and of opera, which have received the quality of a vectorial dramaturgical process and open dramaturgy.

Objective: to reveal the specific features of the artistic model of the world in K. McCarthy's "The Road" as a philosophical and allegorical novel. Methods: dialectic, genetic, hermeneutic, structural-semiotic, intertextual, systemic. Results of the study can be used in the further study of the philosophical and allegorical novel from the standpoint of modern aesthetics, cultural studies, literary criticism, comparative studies, which, in turn, will deepen understanding of the modern literary process. Conclusion. In his prose writer raises the questions of the relationship of people in the family and the relationship of a person with God, the meaning of human existence and a person's place in the world. Problems of communication between generations, humanity, sacrifice are the main ones for the author. Humanity, according to the author, experienced the first catastrophe even during the Fall, and from that moment it found itself in the confinement of a post-apocalyptic state. The biblical layer of the novel deepens the connection between the problem of post-apocalypse and Christianity, and McCarthy becomes the author of a new religiosity based not so much on faith in God as on interaction between people based on trust, love, renunciation and redemption. T. McCarthy's work opens up new horizons for creating numerous allegories, raising the question of "literature (how artificial is realism?), Existence (are we capable of genuine existence?), Politics (what is left of identity politics?) and law (Where do we define boundaries, what and whom are we excluding and why?) ". The allegory of the Apocalypse in T. McCarthy's novel has the meaning of loneliness, isolationism, renewal, memory, movement, road, death, survival. The author uses a sophisticated storytelling technique (extraspection technique) and experiments with the use of a new language that would be characteristic of the world after the Apocalypse. ; Цель работы: выявить специфические черты художественной модели мира в произведении К. Маккарти «Дорога» как ...

Xianbei (Chinese 鮮卑 (Shianbei)) is a multiethnic community that arose at the beginning of the 1st millennium AD in the vastness of Central Asia. At the beginning of the 2nd century AD under the onslaught of the Xianbei, the Xiongnu empire collapsed. After these events, the political dominance of the Xianbei was established in Central Asia. The polyethnic community of the Xianbei played a significant role in the ancient history of Kazakhstan. There are very few scientific works on the history of Xianbei in the Kazakh language, which determined the relevance of this work. The history of the study of the Xianbei begins with the translations of N. Bichurin, N. Kuhner and V. Taskin of ancient Chinese texts. For the first time, G. Grumm-Grzhimailo introduced the concept of the "Xianbei period". Based on the archaeological data obtained from Northern China, Mongolia and Siberia, scientists began to comprehend the history of Xianbei in a new way. In Kazakhstan, since 2016, the study of the archaeological sites of the Xianbei has been carried out systematically. Anthropological and genetic studies, as well as radiocarbon analysis of materials were carried out. As a result, the issues related to the settlement of the Xianbei in the territory of modern East Kazakhstan were clarified. ; Сяньби (кит. 鮮卑 (Шянбэй) сяньбэй) – полиэтническая общность, возникшая в нач. Ітыс. н.э. на просторах Центральной Азии. В начале ІІв. н.э. под натиском сяньбийцев распалась хуннская империя. После этих событий в Центральной Азии устанавливается политическое господство сяньби. Полиэтническая общность сяньбийцев сыграла значительную роль в древней истории Казахстана. Научных работ по истории сяньби на казахском языке чрезвычайно мало, что обусловило актуальность данной работы. История изучения сяньбийцев начинается с переводов древнекитайских текстов Н.Я.Бичуриным, Н.В.Кюнером и В.С.Таскиным. Впервые в научный оборот понятие «сяньбийский период» ввел Г.Е.Грумм-Гржимайло. На основе полученных археологических данных из Северного Китая, Монголии ...

Problem setting. This article poses the problem of understanding and applying performance as a conceptual model of the functioning of an individual in a modern multilayered reality. The study presents an analysis of popular actionist practices and the further development of the pure action ontology. The performance serves as an approbation of the dynamism technique and the principle of action in social, digital and artistic actions. Recent research and publications analysis. The assertion of the principle of dynamism and activity in the modern cultural space explains the popularity of performative topics in a parallel scientific and philosophical discourse. At the same time, the bulk of works on performance relates to the field of theory and methodology of art. These are the works of such authors: G. Elshevskaya, E. Krylova, E. Andreeva, J. Kostincova, D. Filippova, Andrey and Yaroslava Artemenko, H. Petrovsky, S. Levitt, H. Downey and J. Sherry, A. Eckersley and C. Duff. G. Reingold, M. Cuellar-Moreno and J. Antonio Cubas-Delgado, A. Loskutov, O. Novoselova and E. Kurbanova and others have studied dynamic models of bodily expressiveness in social practices, including in the information space of culture and communication. In turn, the American philosophers J. Butler, J Dean and G. Standing develop the concept of performance in relation to political actionism. They view the gatherings of social rights agents as a performative practice of their relationship to power. Paper objective. The aim of the study is to review and theoretically analyze modern creative practices of the subject's bodily expression in the field of art, politics, law and digital communication, as well as to further substantiate the methodological role of the performative concept in modern culture. Paper main body. Today's popular installations, happenings, flash mobs and challenge explicates the very essence of modern human existence in the world. Art zones and other creative social spaces (workshops) use direct body language in their ...

The article describes the history of the complete translation of Virgil's "Aeneid" into Russian (12 books), performed by A.A. Fet in the spring and autumn of 1887 with the participation of V.S. Solovyov as a translator (books VII, IX, X). The joint work of the famous poet, acclaimed ancient languages translator, as well as his major co-author, the classic philologist from Kazan, D.I. Naguevsky (comments and text revision), and Solovyov is chronologically reconstructed through the letters of both Fet and the rest of the participants and witnesses of this work (Solovyov, Naguevsky, J.A. Kulakovsky, N.N. Strakhov, A.V. Olsufiev, etc.). Not only does the analysis of this epistolary allow to determine the level of participation of each of the co-authors, as well as to restore the nature and details of this collaboration, but also to understand the essence of the disagreements that arose among them. Meanwhile in most studies Solovyov's translation technique is contrasted with Fet's not in favor of the latter without considering the available documents. Thanks to these efforts, the style of Fet has been supplemented by statements about the the poet's basic principles of translation in which the term "literal translation" often sounds like a verdict when it is expressed in relation to Fet and Solovyov's special "literalism" is recognized better than Fet's. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that if Solovyov's translation significantly differed from the principles established by Fet, this creative union would hardly be possible, or, knowing Fet's scrupulousness, we would find Solovyov's name on the title of the Aeneid as an equal, but different translator. Meanwhile, all parts of the translation are organic and are performed in the so-called "literal" method, persistenly declared by Fet, who strives for absolute transmission of the letter and spirit of the original.

The article analyzes the reflection of the Western European early medieval mentality in the Оld English poem «Judith». The following research methods were used: clustering (formation of a cluster of verbal reflections of mental attitudes) and historical-semantic analysis of objects included in the cluster. Poem «Judith» information, connected with the mentality, concerns two lines: the motivation to participate in the battle, and the posthumous punishment of the main antagonist of Holofernes. The analysis allowed the author to draw the following conclusions. Firstly, the poem «Judith» is not a direct poetic paraphrase of the eponymous book of the Оld Testament. The text contains a number of additions that carry completely new information, revealing in particular problems associated with the mentality (Judith speech, the posthumous fate of Holofernes). Secondly, the poem «Judith» allows us to distinguish two levels in the mentality of Anglo-Saxon society – basic one and emerging. The first of them is represented by the concept of «glory» (wuldor and tir). The use of the word wuldor indicates a significant stability of structures associated with the foundations of the mentality of society. For Anglo-Saxon society such a basis was war and glory. The glory had been denoted by the word, rooted in the days of the Old German community (linked to the Gothic language), and unknown to the Vikings. The same stability shows respect for the leader of the enemy troops. The second level is represented by the image of «snake hall» (wyrm-sele), which was formed during the wars with the Vikings in the 10th century for the liberation of the occupied territories. Thirdly, the presence of two levels in the mentality allows author to consider the period of its formation as open. Thus the innovation, arised under Scandinavian influence, was not entrenched in mentality.

In connection with the formation and development of a new scientific direction – linguistics of creativity – there is a need to study various texts, including medieval texts, where the priority of sacrality to some extent constrained the creative initiative of scribes. The established hierarchy of genres, borrowed by ancient Russian writing from Byzantium, not only determined the degree of «toughness» of the confessional text, but also its use in the original works. However, in the genre of business writing, stable textual language and props in most cases did not prevent the realization of diverse and largely personality-oriented content, which contributed to the manifestation of linguocreative activities, including in the use of texts of the Holy Scriptures and sacred literature. This is evidenced by the Correspondence of A. Kurbsky and Ivan IV, where in the polemic heat the authors presented and interpreted a number of social and political problems and personal value orientations, which required special use of sacral to confirm their own right. ; В связи со становлением и развитием нового научного направления – лингвистики креатива – возникает необходимость исследования различных текстов, в том числе средневековых, где приоритет сакральности в той или иной степени сдерживал творческую инициативу книжников. Сложившаяся иерархия жанров, заимствованная древнерусской письменностью из Византии, не только определяла степень «жёсткости» конфессионального текста, но и его использование в оригинальных произведениях. Однако в жанре деловой письменности устойчивые текстовые формулировки и реквизиты в большинстве случаев не препятствовали реализации разнообразного и во многом личностно ориентированного содержания, что способствовало проявлению лингвокреативной деятельности, в том числе в использовании текстов Священного писания и святоотеческой литературы. Об этом свидетельствует Переписка А. Курбского и Ивана IV, где в полемическом накале авторы представили и интерпретировали ряд общественно-политических проблем и личных ценностных ориентаций, потребовавших особого употребления сакрального для подтверждения собственной правоты.

This paper discusses the processes of the educational travel of the Chinese students abroad. Based on data of the Ministry of Education of China, publications from the Chinese Internet, original articles published in the world periodicals, the reasons elucidated why the number of students leaving China changed from 2001 to 2018; describes funding sources of educational travel. Information on the contemporary preferences of Chinese students in selection of countries and study programs, aims and reasons of educational travel abroad is provided. The hard competition of the young persons after school on educational services market, expected job difficulties after graduation from national universities and influence of parents are pushing young Chinese people to consider studying abroad. Over the past 10 years, the number of Chinese citizens studying in foreign universities rates more than doubled and reached to 662.1 thousand in 2018. The aim of such migration is not only acquiring advanced western knowledge or improving foreign language skills but also getting the so-called symbolic capital, which arises after graduation from the famous foreign universities. This capital will bring tangible employment benefits and future career privileges in the Chinese companies. Therefore, currently the largest number of Chinese young people seek to become students in English speaking countries, where the concentration of the best world universities included in the top-100 of international rankings is high. The modern professional preferences of Chinese students correspond to the development trends of the China's national economy and science, and depend on the future employment and opportunity to receive the scholarships from the Government of China. ; В статье анализируются процессы, связанные с выездом китайских студентов за рубеж. На основе данных Министерства образования Китая, публикаций, находящихся в открытом доступе в сети китайского Интернета, а также научных статей, опубликованных в ведущих мировых изданиях, показано, ...

This article analyzes the soft power of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Mongolia from 2009 to 2016. To determine the scope of Chinese policy in this area, the author analyzes the indicators of two other influential actors in the region: the Russian Federation and the United States. The author uses a comparative approach to evaluate the effectiveness of China's soft power and a quantitative method to calculate a soft power index based on the system proposed by the author drawing on the experience of a British think-tank, the Institute for Government. Four components of the soft power toolkit are analyzed: foreign policy principles, a successful economic model, a successful social model and cultural and civilizational values. This analysis reveals which of the components is most actively used by the state-subject and which has the greatest degree of influence on the formation of a positive image of China in Mongolia. Based on this analysis, the author identifies flaws in the projects of the PRC, Russia and the U.S. in Mongolia which clearly demonstrate the ineffectiveness of policy in this area. The dominance ofChina is demonstrated in several ways, from its economic influence to its penetration of the national language and culture. China is gradually increasing its emphasis on cultural and civilizational valueswithin the framework of its soft power policy due to the lessening significance of a successful economic model as a component of soft power. This is due not only to a slowdown in the growth of the Chinese economy but also to the economic crisis inside Mongolia. Nevertheless, the author concludes that, despite quite good indicators, the PRC also experiences certain difficulties with the implementation of its soft power policy. Sinophobia is prevalent in Mongolia, and as a result, the most important part of soft power - the formation of a positive image - is absent. © HSE, 1993-2018.

The aim of the study presented in this article is to determine the characteristics of Russian mothers seeking care and education services for their children. This work examines the transformation of the traditional family function of raising, socializing and educating children. Currently we are witnessing an increase in the number of parents who resort to paid family services. Therefore it is important to understand the evolution of this market segment, what defines consumers' choice of services and which types of services are the most popular, while also assessing costumer satisfaction with the services they acquired. Analysis is conducted based on a series of semi-structured interviews with Russian women who have children of preschool or school age. Respondents included both working (be it on hire or self-employed) and unemployed women. Research was conducted within Nizhniy Novgorod city limits. While conducting the interviews, it was discovered that the basic selection of paid services which parents acquire includes services offered by children's development centers, paid additional lessons at kindergarten or school, sports clubs, dance, art and foreign language lessons; children's parties – renting dedicated facilities, hiring clowns, purchasing thematic programs and holiday treats; hiring babysitters (either on a regular basis or on demand), psychologists and parenting coaches. The authors reached the conclusion that modern urban families tend to split their responsibility (delegate authority) for raising, caring for and educating their children with those who have expertise in this field. Consumption of services by urban families starts earlier and continues for a longer period of time – in line with their children maturing – there's not too much diversity, but consumption does depend on such important motives as the desire to satisfy today's requirements for raising and developing children, parents freeing up spare time for their own needs, taking care of the child's future.