Suchergebnisse

This review is an overview of the newly developing field of language rights. It distinguishes between (a) historical/descriptive studies where language rights are treated as the resultant variable with no attempt to predict consequences, and (b) exhortatory and ideologically based studies in which language rights are considered a causal variable. An attempt at definitions follows, set within the field of language planning. Principal concerns, such as territoriality versus personality principles and individual versus collective rights, are discussed.The review ends with an argument to consider language rights as emic rights, which is to say culture-language-context–specific rights, rather than to consider linguistic human rights from a universal rights perspective which overstates issues and masks rights to as also being rights against. We need a careful exploration of the nature of language rights and their consequences.

The article presents the characteristics of the language used in the prison employees and inmates. There is a nonverbal language, gesture that is learned by imitation two social categories in the everyday interaction. And there are two types of verbal language - one official and one secret slang. In the universe of prison three languages intertwine not possible without each other. To understand the functioning of an institution's total language understanding is essential, for it is vital for human interaction flow, understanding and functioning of formal and informal rules for the two categories internalization of social values.

As línguas de sinais que são visuais-espaciais oferecem um campo de análise que se refere aos possíveis efeitos que a diferença na modalidade pode implicar para as teorias lingüísticas e para as análises discursivas. Neste artigo, vamos nos deter a discutir os efeitos de modalidade na perspectiva teórica apresentando uma revisão dos estudos clássicos das línguas de sinais, bem como dos estudos que buscam compreender as especificidades dessas línguas.

Abstract
This article presents observations and findings from an ongoing research on language revival among Italian new speakers in Crimea. Victim of Stalin's mass deportations of minorities in the 1940s, the community experienced severe physical, demographic, social and cultural dislocation that led inexorably to language shift towards Russian. Through the use of ethnographic research methods, including participant observations and in-depth, semi-structured interviews, the study explores the participants' motivations, learning experiences and language use as they are involved in the project of reviving the Italian community.

Surveys the development of language policy over the last 40 or more years, particularly with respect to linguistic minorities and the attendant problems of illiteracy and lack of access to basic eduction among these groups. (Original abstract-amended)

Examines choices regarding language of instruction in multilingual countries with traditional minority groups, which were under colonial domination into the 20th century. Some focus on the Philippines, Cameroon, Indonesia, Tanzania, Kenya, Papua New Guinea, Guatemala, Colombia, and Peru.

The presence of a language in the digital domain is crucial for its survival, as online communication and digital language resources have become the standard in the last decades and will gain more importance in the coming years. In order to develop advanced systems that are considered the basics for an efficient digital communication (e.g. machine translation systems, text-to-speech and speech-to-text converters and digital assistants), it is necessary to digitalise linguistic resources and create tools. In the case of Basque, scholars have studied the creation of digital linguistic resources and the tools that allow the development of those systems for the last forty years. In this paper, we present an overview of the natural language processing and language technology resources developed for Basque, their impact in the process of making Basque a "digital language" and the applications and challenges in multilingual communication. More precisely, we present the well-known products for Basque, the basic tools and the resources that are behind the products we use every day. Likewise, we would like that this survey serves as a guide for other minority languages that are making their way to digitalisation.
Received: 05 April 2022Accepted: 20 May 2022