Suchergebnisse

Nach einer Periode der Selbstzweifel ist die Rechtsvergleichung als Disziplin in den vergangenen fünf Jahre zu neuem Leben erwacht. Zwar ist der überwiegende Teil der vergleichenden Arbeiten nach wie vor auf das "black-letter law" – also das geschriebene, akademische Recht – fokussiert, aber selbst diese Art der Rechtsvergleichung gewinnt an Bedeutung für diejenigen, die Regelungspolitik gestalten. Einige Rechtsvergleicher haben aber auch bereits begonnen, verfeinerte theoretische und empirische Ansätze zu entwickeln. Diese neue Entwicklung bildet eine wachsende Herausforderung für den "asienbezogenen" Zweig der Rechtswissenschaft ("Asian law scholarship"), der bislang von den Schwierigkeiten der tradierten Rechtsvergleichung profitiert hatte. Inzwischen erscheint insbesondere für Untersuchungen zum japanischen Recht eine umfassendere Betrachtungsweise vielversprechender zu sein, die Japan in einen Kontext zur globalen wie auch zur europäischen Rechtsentwicklung stellt und das Land damit in gewisser Weise aus der "asiatischen" Einbindung herauslöst.(Die Redaktion) ; Nach einer Periode der Selbstzweifel ist die Rechtsvergleichung als Disziplin in den vergangenen fünf Jahre zu neuem Leben erwacht. Zwar ist der überwiegende Teil der vergleichenden Arbeiten nach wie vor auf das "black-letter law" – also das geschriebene, akademische Recht – fokussiert, aber selbst diese Art der Rechtsvergleichung gewinnt an Bedeutung für diejenigen, die Regelungspolitik gestalten. Einige Rechtsvergleicher haben aber auch bereits begonnen, verfeinerte theoretische und empirische Ansätze zu entwickeln. Diese neue Entwicklung bildet eine wachsende Herausforderung für den "asienbezogenen" Zweig der Rechtswissenschaft ("Asian law scholarship"), der bislang von den Schwierigkeiten der tradierten Rechtsvergleichung profitiert hatte. Inzwischen erscheint insbesondere für Untersuchungen zum japanischen Recht eine umfassendere Betrachtungsweise vielversprechender zu sein, die Japan in einen Kontext zur globalen wie auch zur europäischen Rechtsentwicklung stellt und das Land damit in gewisser Weise aus der "asiatischen" Einbindung herauslöst.(Die Redaktion)

Two individuals formed a company. Both held half the share capital and served as the company's only two directors. The Plaintiff was one of these shareholder-directors, and he submitted an application to the court requesting it to make such orders as it may think fit in terms of section 402 of the Companies Act 1995. Briefly, this section seeks to provide a remedy to a shareholder who complains that the affairs of a company are being conducted in a manner that was 'oppressive, unfairly discriminatory against, or unfairly prejudicial to a member or members'. ; peer-reviewed

This Law regulates the activities related to the use of hydrocarbons in Panama.

Establishes the principles that govern the environmental policy and the basic norms for the regulation of the administration of the environment and the actions of the citizens and society in general, with the goal to protect the environment and achieve the sustainable development of the Country.

Establishes the mining policy and legal regulations in such a way so that they guarantee the protection, development and rational use of the mining resources. It also creates the National Office of Mining Resources, which will be in charge of controlling the execution of the environmental preservation plans and of mitigating the environmental impact.

Establishes the fundamental principles, norms and procedures that rule the hydrocarbon sector in Bolivia.

What does today's Administrative Law course give your students that you might not be aware of and might be helped by knowing? That, as I understand it, is the question I am to answer. But we may also want to think about the overall shape of the curriculum: it may be useful to ask about fundamental issues our students may not be aware of, that may not be dealt with elsewhere in the law school curriculum. I'll spend most of my time on the question I've been asked to address, but I hope you will accept a few sentences on this second question. For administrative lawyers, that probable gap remains the one Harold Lasswell and Myres MacDougal suggested long ago, that contemporary law studies should include explicit instruction in the skills of public policy analysis – in particular, how to evaluate the need for and probable effectiveness of regulation. Administrative Law is the hidden comparative law course of the public law and adjectival law curriculum. In my judgment, that is its main contribution to your students' appreciation for your own subjects. Its students come to grips again and again with problems whose contrasts with those of the standard court-centered curriculum can illuminate their other courses. The common thread here is in the rather pragmatic adjustments legislatures and courts have made to the exigencies of the administrative state, in the face of legal theories developed in the simpler theoretical world of one-function institutions and individual rights. Ideology and theory have rarely prevailed in competition with function and necessity. Although the situation may be changing, as we shall have to discuss, Administrative Law repeatedly confronts its students with doctrinal differences driven by "the necessity of the case," which can illuminate standard courses as well as our own. I'm going to give a few examples, proceeding in alphabetical order through the curriculum and stressing those developments that are more recent in origin.

To what extent is English Private Law being affected by the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union? I think we can try to answer this at three levels: (i) The United Kingdom's compliance with EU legislation; (ii) the influence of European ideas on English Private Law; (iii) the attitude in England towards greater harmonisation or possible unification of European Private Law

To what extent is English Private Law being affected by the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union? I think we can try to answer this at three levels: (i) The United Kingdom's compliance with EU legislation; (ii) the influence of European ideas on English Private Law; (iii) the attitude in England towards greater harmonisation or possible unification of European Private Law

Comunicació presentada en les XII Jornades de Dret Català, celebrades a Tossa de Mar (Girona), els dies 26 i 27 de setembre de 2002 ; To what extent is English Private Law being affected by the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union? I think we can try to answer this at three levels: (i) The United Kingdom's compliance with EU legislation; (ii) the influence of European ideas on English Private Law; (iii) the attitude in England towards greater harmonisation or possible unification of European Private Law

In the year 1274, Sir Hugh LaPape, knight, vassal, and retainer of his liege lord, Edward the First of England, stood on a hill outside the city of Florence, Italy, and wept. Four years before, Sir Hugh had set off for the Holy Land at the call of his king, leaving behind him a beautiful palace with tall towers, shining in the morning sun. Now he surveyed the remains of that palace, a pile of rubble, in growing anger. Although a vassal of the English king, Sir Hugh had some years before removed himself from England to Florence, Italy, where he became attached to the Guelphs, a party that was disputing control of the city with the rival Ghibbelines. The Guelphs were grateful for Sir Hugh's assistance and, after the Ghibbelines were driven away, ceded him land outside the city walls on which he constructed his palace. While Sir Hugh was at the Crusades, the Ghibbilines threatened to retake Florence and the Guelphs razed the palace to the ground to prevent its tall towers from being used as vantage points to guide the fire of bombards against the city. Not happy with this course of events but accepting the unpleasant reality before him, Sir Hugh returned to London where in 1275 he filed suit against certain Florentine merchants living there on the then--prevalent theory that citizens of a city or state could be sued for injuries caused by their municipal government. The merchants defended by arguing that they could not be called to account in England for acts done in Florence because that was wholly a matter for Florentine law. In 1281, the King's Council ruled for the merchants, stating:. "it is not the custom of England that anyone answer in the Kingdom of England for any trespass made in a region outside . [Therefore,] the aforesaid merchants do go without a day. And the aforesaid Hugh to take nothing by his complaint and to be in mercy." Thus, the court concluded that it had neither judicial nor prescriptive jurisdiction to try in England any case that arose abroad.

This Article develops a framework for analyzing the relation between basic features of statutory and case law and the design and functioning of institutions that enforce this law. The basic premise is that law is inherently incomplete and that this has important implications for law enforcement. In particular, when law is incomplete, special emphasis needs to be placed on the allocation of lawmaking and law enforcement powers (LMLEP) to different institutions such as legislatures, courts, or regulators, in order to attain optimal levels of law enforcement. Using the development of the legal framework governing financial markets as an example to illustrate the conceptual framework, this Article examines how different legal systems have responded to the problem of incomplete law by reallocating lawmaking and law enforcement powers from courts to regulators. Most examples are drawn from the U.K., which has spearheaded financial market development since the mid-19th century. A comparative analysis of the U.S. and German experiences is also presented. This Article regards a law as complete if a law enacted today unambiguously stipulates for all future contingencies; otherwise a law is incomplete. A law may be incomplete if it attempts to specify comprehensively actions that shall be covered but fails to include some which could result in similar harmful outcome. Alternatively, law may be incomplete because it uses open-ended, vague wording, as a result of which the boundaries of the law are not clearly delineated. Incomplete law may be a function of bad drafting, but it is not limited to that. While failure to include all relevant issues that are known at the time a law is drafted or a court verdict is rendered may be the result of oversight, there are a number of other causes for incomplete law, including environmental factors and deliberate design.

In 1970 Belgium established three Communities: the French, Flemish and German-speaking Communities. It was then in 1980 that three regions were set up: Walloon, Flemish and Brussels. Further amendments to the Constitution were made on 7 and 15 July 1988, as well as a special law of 8 August 1988 amending the original law of 8 August 1980. It is essential to say that most of the changes and principles governing the organisation and functioning of both the three Communities and the three regions date back to 1970 and 1980. The international nature of the Community's role in 1970 is significant. In 1980, an Arbitration Court was provided for by the Constitution and established to settle conflicts between the laws and decrees of the Communities and the Regions. The Federal State is characterised by two features: autonomy and co-operation. In 1988, the Arbitration Court continued the work of constitutional justice and verifies the conformity of laws or decrees with the provisions of international law and in particular European law. ; En 1970 la Belgique a instauré trois Communautés : les Communautés française, flamande et germanophone. Puis c'est en 1980 que se sont mises en place trois Régions : wallonne, flamande et bruxelloise. De nouveaux amendements à la Constitution ont été faits le 7 et le 15 juillet 1988, ainsi qu'une loi spéciale du 8 août 1988 qui est venue modifier la loi originale du 8 août 1980. Il est indispensable de dire que l'essentiel des changements et des principes d'organisation et de fonctionnement des trois Communautés aussi bien que des trois Régions datent de 1970 et de 1980. Le caractère international du rôle que les Communautés ont joué en 1970 est significatif. En 1980, une Cour d'arbitrage a été prévue par la Constitution et créée afin de régler les conflits entre les lois et les décrets des Communautés et des Régions. L'Etat fédéral se caractérise par deux traits : l'autonomie et la co-opération. En 1988 la Cour d'arbitrage poursuit l'oeuvre de justice constitutionnelle et vérifie la ...

This survey covers legislative and judicial developments in Virginia employment law between June 1986 and June 1987. It does not address the workers' compensation and unemployment compensation statutes but focuses on state labor and fair employment laws and the employment-at-will doctrine.

This survey article reviews and analyzes legislative and judicial developments that have occurred in bankruptcy law between April, 1991 and April, 1992. The article is intended to alert the general practitioner to significant recent developments in the bankruptcy area. Legislative changes made to Virginia statutory law and federal bankruptcy decisions issued within the Fourth Circuit are the focus of this article.