The concept of femicide in Latin America was developed by the ethnologist and anthropologist Marcela Lagarde, specifically for the case of women murdered in Ciudad Juarez (Mexico). The term has spread to other countries and in Colombia it was built into the reform to the Penal Code (Act 1257 of 2008) in this law is to protect women in such circumstances, this paper intends to make a sketch and a made known this as fact.
In the Common Law system judges have the power to create subsidiary laws: they make rules in strict sense. This Kind of power responds to a special way in which the Common Law develops and adapts itself to achieve the best rules for a given society. Understanding how the Australian law system works, as an example of a common law structure, and how judges interact with the parliament in the creation of the best rules of law -which makes the process coherent- is paramount for other legal systems that have a mixture of legal institutions from both civil and common law systems, as Colombia. Colombia has an unclear mixture of law systems, which generates an uncertainty of the application of the law producing both by judges and parliament, and serious structural law problems; so, understanding the basis of the common law system it is important to clarify the limits in the competence of each authority and the interaction between the law made by the Parliament and the one that the judges produce. ; In the Common Law system judges have the power to create subsidiary laws: they make rules in strict sense. This Kind of power responds to a special way in which the Common Law develops and adapts itself to achieve the best rules for a given society. Understanding how the Australian law system works, as an example of a common law structure, and how judges interact with the parliament in the creation of the best rules of law -which makes the process coherent- is paramount for other legal systems that have a mixture of legal institutions from both civil and common law systems, as Colombia. Colombia has an unclear mixture of law systems, which generates an uncertainty of the application of the law producing both by judges and parliament, and serious structural law problems; so, understanding the basis of the common law system it is important to clarify the limits in the competence of each authority and the interaction between the law made by the Parliament and the one that the judges produce.
This work presents several different points of view regarding the role of environmental innovation as the driving force of public policy designed to promote sustainabilityand reduce environmental impacts. Environmental innovation is analyzed byexamining concrete practices such as sustainable design, green branding, eco-labeling, the use of medicinal plants, and improved plant varieties, among other things, and the individual and collective intellectual property rights that protect and promote these kinds of innovations. While this thematic diversity is directly proportional to the complexity of the author's presentation, it does not detract from the conceptual unity of the text. On the contrary, by examining the concepts as applied in a variety of contexts, the author highlights not only the challenges that must be faced in order to protect the general interest, but also proposes alternative solutions that promise to improve the structure, emphases, and priorities of these rights. This work represents the culmination of a valuable research project that benefited from the cumulative experience of the author and will be of great interest to scholars in the field, It is an important theoretical contribution to the formulation of strategies for environmental mitigation, adaptation, and recovery.
ABSTRACT The study by legal scholars and educators argue that an interdisciplinary approach in teaching law is inevitable. This article seeks to analyze two questions: being first, to what extent law schools in Indonesia adopt interdisciplinary subjects into the curriculum. Second, to what extent these interdisciplinary subjects are relevant to the government's Industry 4.0 Roadmap. This study analyses the curriculum of law schools, both in private and public universities across Indonesia, as well as making the comparison with other universities in ASEAN. These samples of law schools represent three major regions of Indonesian archipelagos; these are the eastern, central and western region.RESUMEN El estudio realizado por especialistas en derecho y educadores argumenta que el enfoque interdisciplinario en la enseñanza del derecho es inevitable. Este artículo busca analizar dos preguntas: en primer lugar, en qué medida las facultades de derecho en Indonesia adoptan materias interdisciplinarias en el plan de estudios. Segundo, hasta qué punto estos temas interdisciplinarios son relevantes con la Hoja de ruta de la Industria 4.0 del gobierno. Este estudio analiza el plan de estudios de las facultades de derecho, tanto en universidades privadas como públicas de toda Indonesia, y también compara con otras universidades de la ASEAN. Estas muestras de facultades de derecho representan tres regiones principales del archipiélago de Indonesia, estas son: la región oriental, central y occidental.
The article presents Polish agricultural law as a branch of law in the legal system, as a set of laws (part of legislation), a scientific discipline and a teaching subject. The author states, among other things, that the study of agricultural law is closely related to the (agricultural) policy of the country, sharing its fate. This policy has been and still continues to be the main determinant of the development of agricultural legislation. In Poland, agricultural legislation which developed as a consequence of the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy led to a stronger legislative position of agricultural law. This is an indication that efforts to strengthen the position of agricultural law in university teaching should also be promoted.
This paper intends to cover some views (not all), with regard to Reason of the Unreason of law. Yes, so to speak, can or could think of a reason for the law,why not much more, in an "unreasonable" or rather how many additional "unreasonable" the same.
The purpose of the research was to study the sufficien and necessary conditions for applying the principles of law in the processes of law making and execution. In the main content it has been established that the principles of law should be understood as universal, fundamental, basic provisions and ideas reflectingdeep foundations of human existence, general relations formed by the participants of legal realities as a result of their social interaction and as the basis for legal development. The following methods were used in the research: analysis of biographical sources, synthesis, deduction, comparative analysis and meta-analysis, etc. In the conclusions of the case it has been shown that consistent adherence to legal principles by legislative and law enforcement bodies will create an atmosphere of predictability and stability of legislation in society. Finally, the principles enshrined in the Constitution and codes of Ukraine should become a prerequisite for modern Ukrainian society to implement a humanistic concept of personality, education of legal subjects, an effective norm on a par with other norms regulating specific relationships, and should not remain only a statement.
This paper presents an alternative concept of law that considers it as a generalization of normative complex. It claims that one must differentiate from a political structure and law itself.It is explained that it exists an special rule called rule of vectura that allows transport of norms and rules to a legal system of a political structure. ; This paper presents an alternative concept of law that considers it as a generalization of normative complex. It claims that one must differentiate from a political structure and law itself.It is explained that it exists an special rule called rule of vectura that allows transport of norms and rules to a legal system of a political structure.
El destacado jurista colombiano H:. RODOLFO MANTILLA JÁCOME33, ex Magistrado de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, en su Sala Penal, luego de haber elaborado con especial dedicación su trabajo denominado "Manual de Derecho Masónico", con el patrocinio de la Escuela Masónica Francisco de Paula Santander, de la Gran Logia de los Andes, en el año de 2007, con el cual abrió el sendero de la bibliografía colombiana sobre el tema, dentro de la precaria actitud y característica nuestra por estudiar, profundizar, controvertir nuestra realidad y divulgar nuestros propios pensamientos, nos entrega ahora la revisión, ampliación, ordenamiento y profundización de tales textos, contenidos en dos partes, la primera dedicada a circunstancias de tipo general como el concepto del derecho masónico, aspectos, características y elementos, para ir avanzando respecto del derecho de asociación determinado en nuestra Carta Política, su fundamento antropológico y jurídico, los controles estatales al respecto, la relación de la Orden Francmasónica y el Estado, el secreto funcional masónico y la soberanía nacional, donde hace importantes precisiones a las que nos referiremos más adelante, siguiendo con la presentación de los Antiguos Linderos o Landmarks, la consideración de ellos como Principios Generales del derecho masónico, los usos y costumbres dentro de las tradiciones de la Orden, las fuentes del derecho 15 masónico, para concluir la parte general en la independencia, autonomía de las potencias masónicas, sus formas de trabajo de interdependencia funcional con asociaciones similares en nuestro país y el extranjero y concluir con el significado preciso de la regularidad institucional, quizá uno de los aspectos donde residen la fortaleza y la debilidad de nuestra organización filosófica ; CAPÍTULO I DERECHO MASÓNICO Generalidades 1. Concepto 2. Características 3. Elementos del derecho masónico CAPÍTULO II DERECHO DE ASOCIACIÓN Y DERECHO MASÓNICO 1. Generalidades 2. Fundamento antropológico 3. Fundamento jurídico del Derecho Humano de asociación 4. Derecho de asociación en distintas constituciones democráticas 5. El Derecho de Asociación en Colombia 6. Controles Estatales al Derecho de Asociación 7. La Francmasonería y relación con el Estado 8. El secreto funcional masónico y la soberanía estatal 9. Reconocimiento de personería jurídica a Corporaciones Civiles 10. Conclusiones 25 37 5 CAPÍTULO III LANDMARKS O ANTIGUOS LÍMITES 1. Introducción 2. Cuestiones epistemológicas 3. Principios Generales del Derecho Masónico o Landmarks (antiguos límites) 4. ¿Qué son los Landmarks? 5. Los Principios Generales de Derecho y La Costumbre 6. Los Landmarks como Principios Generales de Derecho Masónico 7. Las funciones de los Landmarks o antiguos límites 8. Proceso de obtención de los Landmarks 9. Enunciación de Landmarks o Principios Generales de Derecho Masónico CAPÍTULO IV ANTIGUOS USOS Y COSTUMBRES DE LA MASONERÍA 1. Características de la costumbre 2. La Costumbre y la masonería 3. Concepto de costumbre masónica 4. Reglas de la costumbre masónica 5. Algunos Usos y costumbre en la masonería 6. Conclusiones comunes a los Capítulos 3 y 4 CAPÍTULO V DERECHO INTERPOTENCIAL MASÓNICO I 1. Las potencias masónicas CAPÍTULO VI DERECHO INTERPOTENCIAL MASÓNICO II 1. Relaciones entre las potencias masónicas 2. Características de las normas interpotenciales masónicas 6 65 101 115 127 3. Tratados y convenios de derecho interpotencial masónico 4. Organismos interpotenciales masónicos CAPÍTULO VII DERECHO INTERPOTENCIAL MASÓNICO III 1. La Regularidad masónica. 2. Normas indispensables para el reconocimiento de regularidad 3. Regularidad de la Gran Logia de los Andes CAPÍTULO VIII LA CONSTITUCIÓN MASÓNICA Y LOS ESTATUTOS 1. Generalidades 2. La Constitución Masónica 3. Los Estatutos CAPÍTULO IX LA GRAN LOGIA DE LOS ANDES 1. La Constitución y Estatutos 2. La Gran Logia de los Andes es una Potencia Masónica 3. Gobierno de la Gran Logia de los Andes CAPÍTULO X EL TESORO DE LA GRAN LOGIA DE LOS ANDES 1. Estatuto de Hacienda de la Gran Logia de los Andes 2. Estatuto Especial de Hacienda de la Gran Logia de los Andes CAPÍTULO XI COMPOSICIÓN ASAMBLEA DE LA GRAN LOGIA DE LOS ANDES 1. Miembros de la dirección general 7 141 169 175 193 213 2. Miembros de la dirección superior 3. Obligaciones de los Grandes Dignatarios y Oficiales de la Asamblea de la Gran Logia de los Andes 4. La Organización Administrativa de la Gran Logia 5. Decretos del Gran Maestro 6. El control legal de los actos de Gran Maestro 7. Instrucciones para el manejo de la Gran Tesorería CAPÍTULO XII EL CONSEJO DE LA GRAN LOGIA 1. Composición del Consejo de la Gran Logia 2. Funciones del Consejo de la Gran Logia 3. Obligaciones y Atribuciones del Consejo de la Gran Logia CAPÍTULO XIII EL CONSEJO DE BENEFICENCIA DE LA GRAN LOGIA 1. Composición del Consejo de Beneficencia de la Gran Logia de los Andes 2. Fondo de Beneficencia 3. Fondo de Solidaridad 4. Instrucciones para el manejo de los fondos especiales CAPÍTULO XIV LA JUSTICIA MASÓNICA 1. Campo de aplicación de la Justicia Masónica 2. Características de la Justicia Masónica 3. Órganos de la Justicia Masónica 4. El Tribunal de la Gran Logia 5. El Tribunal de cada Logia 6. El Gran Maestro 7. La Gran Logia de los Andes 8 241 251 257 CAPÍTULO XV LAS LOGIAS Y TRIÁNGULOS MASÓNICOS 1. LAS LOGIAS 2. Procedimiento para la creación de una Logia 3. Primera fase. Pasos preparatorios 4. Segunda fase. Trámites ante la Gran Maestría 5. Tercera Fase. Constitución e instalación de la nueva Logia 6. Regularidad 7. Superación de la condición de irregularidad 8. Régimen Interno de las Logias 9. Reuniones 10. Reglas básicas de las Tenidas de las Logias Masónicas 11. Los Oficiales de la Logias 12. El Orador 13. El Secretario 14. El Tesorero 15. El Experto 16. El Maestro de Ceremonias 17. El Hospitalario 18. Los Guarda Templos 19. El Bibliotecario 20. Los Triángulos Masónicos CAPÍTULO XVI LOS MASONES 1. Derechos, deberes y obligaciones de los masones 2. Admisión de Profanos 3. Aumento de Salario 4. Exaltación ; The prominent Colombian jurist H :. RODOLFO MANTILLA JÁCOME33, former Magistrate of the Supreme Court of Justice, in its Criminal Chamber, after having elaborated with special dedication his work called "Manual of Masonic Law", with the sponsorship of the Francisco de Paula Santander Masonic School, of the Great Logia de los Andes, in 2007, with which it opened the path of Colombian bibliography on the subject, within the precarious attitude and characteristic of ours for studying, deepening, controversial our reality and disseminating our own thoughts, now gives us the revision, expansion, ordering and deepening of such texts, contained in two parts, the first dedicated to general circumstances such as the concept of Masonic law, aspects, characteristics and elements, in order to advance regarding the right of association determined in our Charter Politics, its anthropological and legal foundation, state controls in this regard, the relationship of the Freemasonic Order and the State, the Masonic functional secret and national sovereignty, where it makes important clarifications to which we will refer later, continuing with the presentation of the Ancient Borders or Landmarks, the consideration of them as General Principles of Masonic law, the uses and customs within of the traditions of the Order, the sources of Masonic law, to conclude the general part on the independence, autonomy of the Masonic powers, their ways of working of functional interdependence with similar associations in our country and abroad and conclude with the meaning precise institutional regularity, perhaps one of the aspects where the strength and weakness of our philosophical organization reside