Suchergebnisse

In 1970 Belgium established three Communities: the French, Flemish and German-speaking Communities. It was then in 1980 that three regions were set up: Walloon, Flemish and Brussels. Further amendments to the Constitution were made on 7 and 15 July 1988, as well as a special law of 8 August 1988 amending the original law of 8 August 1980. It is essential to say that most of the changes and principles governing the organisation and functioning of both the three Communities and the three regions date back to 1970 and 1980. The international nature of the Community's role in 1970 is significant. In 1980, an Arbitration Court was provided for by the Constitution and established to settle conflicts between the laws and decrees of the Communities and the Regions. The Federal State is characterised by two features: autonomy and co-operation. In 1988, the Arbitration Court continued the work of constitutional justice and verifies the conformity of laws or decrees with the provisions of international law and in particular European law. ; En 1970 la Belgique a instauré trois Communautés : les Communautés française, flamande et germanophone. Puis c'est en 1980 que se sont mises en place trois Régions : wallonne, flamande et bruxelloise. De nouveaux amendements à la Constitution ont été faits le 7 et le 15 juillet 1988, ainsi qu'une loi spéciale du 8 août 1988 qui est venue modifier la loi originale du 8 août 1980. Il est indispensable de dire que l'essentiel des changements et des principes d'organisation et de fonctionnement des trois Communautés aussi bien que des trois Régions datent de 1970 et de 1980. Le caractère international du rôle que les Communautés ont joué en 1970 est significatif. En 1980, une Cour d'arbitrage a été prévue par la Constitution et créée afin de régler les conflits entre les lois et les décrets des Communautés et des Régions. L'Etat fédéral se caractérise par deux traits : l'autonomie et la co-opération. En 1988 la Cour d'arbitrage poursuit l'oeuvre de justice constitutionnelle et vérifie la ...

International audience ; Littéralement, '' Case management'' signifie ''gestion des cas''. La notion de case management doit être rapportée, pour la France comme pour la Grande Bretagne, à la montée en puissance, dans les questionnements dont la justice et le procès sont aujourd'hui l'objet, de l'« efficience » du système judiciaire, de plus en plus requis de faire la preuve de sa « qualité », au moyen de procédures d'« évaluation » qui introduisent une logique nouvelle, celle du management, dans les politiques publiques en matière de justice. Cet article se propose de faire une étude comparative de case mangement en common law et en civil law.

International audience ; Littéralement, '' Case management'' signifie ''gestion des cas''. La notion de case management doit être rapportée, pour la France comme pour la Grande Bretagne, à la montée en puissance, dans les questionnements dont la justice et le procès sont aujourd'hui l'objet, de l'« efficience » du système judiciaire, de plus en plus requis de faire la preuve de sa « qualité », au moyen de procédures d'« évaluation » qui introduisent une logique nouvelle, celle du management, dans les politiques publiques en matière de justice. Cet article se propose de faire une étude comparative de case mangement en common law et en civil law.

International audience ; Littéralement, '' Case management'' signifie ''gestion des cas''. La notion de case management doit être rapportée, pour la France comme pour la Grande Bretagne, à la montée en puissance, dans les questionnements dont la justice et le procès sont aujourd'hui l'objet, de l'« efficience » du système judiciaire, de plus en plus requis de faire la preuve de sa « qualité », au moyen de procédures d'« évaluation » qui introduisent une logique nouvelle, celle du management, dans les politiques publiques en matière de justice. Cet article se propose de faire une étude comparative de case mangement en common law et en civil law.

Can there be such a thing as a European sociology of law? The uncertainties which arise when attempting to answer that straightforward question are the subject of this book, which also overlaps into comparative law, legal history, and legal philosophy. The richness of approaches reflected in the essays (including comparisons with the US) makes this volume a courageous attempt to show the present state of socio- legal studies in Europe and map directions for its future development. Certainly we already know something about the existence of differences in the use and meaning of law within and between the nation states and groups that make up the European Union. They concern the role of judges and lawyers, the use of courts, patterns of delay, contrasts in penal 'sensibilities', or the meanings of underlying legal and social concepts. Still, similarities in 'legal culture' are at least as remarkable in societies at roughly similar levels of political and economic development. The volume should serve as a needed stimulus to a research agenda aimed at uncovering commonalities and divergences in European ways of approaching the law.

, which is made up of a large proportion of sub-regulatory texts and adapted to the contemporary context of old legislation, the law of religions is a place of embodiment of soft law, understood in particular as the use of negotiation in the margins of recourse to the law. The regime applicable to religious heritage is a perfect example of a legal construction built up in the light of historical circumstances and successive developments, and the promotion of religious heritage today mobilises these mechanisms for developing a law characterised by pragmatism and flexibility. ; International audience The legal framework applicable to religions is composed of many infra-administrative regulations and shaped by the adaptations of old legislative norms to the contemporary context. It results that law and religion fall within the scope of a certain conception of soft law, such as resorting to negotiation in the margin of legislative texts. The issue of religious heritage perfectly illustrates the process which consists in building and updating a legal status over historical, social and political circumstances. The enhancement of religious heritage in particular rests on mechanisms typical of soft law. ; which is made up of a large proportion of sub-regulatory texts and adapted to the contemporary context of old legislation, the law of religions is a place of embodiment of soft law, understood in particular as the use of negotiation in the margins of recourse to the law. The regime applicable to religious heritage is a perfect example of a legal construction built up in the light of historical circumstances and successive developments, and the promotion of religious heritage today mobilises these mechanisms for developing a law characterised by pragmatism and flexibility. ; Constitué d'une part importante de textes de type infra-réglementaires et nourri d'adaptations au contexte contemporain d'une législation ancienne, le droit des religions est un lieu d'incarnation de la soft law entendue notamment comme l'usage de ...

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The most various demands weigh upon mankind: of a moral or religious, social or political order, of a logical order. Demand in the shape of duty: towards deity, towards oneself, towards others. These obligations obviously do not fall within the province of the law. If the judicial is related to the normative, everything normative is not translated into law. The theme of the study:"Law of obligations and Muslim law" should not be perceived from the perspective of a parallelism that might exist between the two: that is to say a Muslim law of obligations which will be contrary to the law of classical obligations deriving from western legal systems, like the French one. The problem raised by the subject of this thesis is to know how countries proclaiming themselves of "Muslim law", while greatly influenced by a western model, manage to create a hybrid law? In what ways, by which means, has Muslim law evolved? To answer these questions, it is interesting, if not necessary, to seek on a practical as well as a utilitarian level for the technical means which allow to combine the requirements of the moral rule with the constraints of contractual relations in general, of international trade and of modern economy. ; Les exigences les plus diverses pèsent sur les hommes ; d'ordre moral ou religieux, d'ordre social ou politique, d'ordre logique. Exigence en forme de devoir : à l'égard de la divinité, à l'égard de soi-même, à l'égard des autres. A l'évidence, ces obligations ne relèvent pas tout du domaine du droit. Si le juridique se rattache au normatif, tout ce qui est normatif ne se traduit pas en règle de droit. Le thème de l'étude : droit des obligations et droit musulman ne devrait pas être perçu sous une optique de parallélisme qui pourrait exister entre les deux : c'est-à-dire un droit musulman des obligations qui sera contraire au droit des obligations classiques issues des systèmes juridiques occidentaux, à l'exemple de la France. La problématique que soulève ce sujet de thèse est de savoir comment les pays qui se ...

The most various demands weigh upon mankind: of a moral or religious, social or political order, of a logical order. Demand in the shape of duty: towards deity, towards oneself, towards others. These obligations obviously do not fall within the province of the law. If the judicial is related to the normative, everything normative is not translated into law. The theme of the study:"Law of obligations and Muslim law" should not be perceived from the perspective of a parallelism that might exist between the two: that is to say a Muslim law of obligations which will be contrary to the law of classical obligations deriving from western legal systems, like the French one. The problem raised by the subject of this thesis is to know how countries proclaiming themselves of "Muslim law", while greatly influenced by a western model, manage to create a hybrid law? In what ways, by which means, has Muslim law evolved? To answer these questions, it is interesting, if not necessary, to seek on a practical as well as a utilitarian level for the technical means which allow to combine the requirements of the moral rule with the constraints of contractual relations in general, of international trade and of modern economy. ; Les exigences les plus diverses pèsent sur les hommes ; d'ordre moral ou religieux, d'ordre social ou politique, d'ordre logique. Exigence en forme de devoir : à l'égard de la divinité, à l'égard de soi-même, à l'égard des autres. A l'évidence, ces obligations ne relèvent pas tout du domaine du droit. Si le juridique se rattache au normatif, tout ce qui est normatif ne se traduit pas en règle de droit. Le thème de l'étude : droit des obligations et droit musulman ne devrait pas être perçu sous une optique de parallélisme qui pourrait exister entre les deux : c'est-à-dire un droit musulman des obligations qui sera contraire au droit des obligations classiques issues des systèmes juridiques occidentaux, à l'exemple de la France. La problématique que soulève ce sujet de thèse est de savoir comment les pays qui se proclament de « droit musulman », tout en ayant une grande influence du modèle occidental pour une raison d'harmonisation, arrivent-ils à créer un droit mixte ? Par quelles voies, par quels moyens s'est opérée l'évolution du droit musulman ?

Introduction: Studying European Ways of Law -- A - Theorising 'European' Legal Culture. 1. Images of Europe in Sociolegal Traditions ; 2. American and European Ways of Law: Six Entrenched Differences ; 3. La place paradoxale de la culture juridique Americaine dans la mondialisation ; 4. Globalisation and the Rise of Procedural Informalism in Europe and America ; 5. American and European Forms of Social Theory reflecting Social Practice -- B - Re-constructing Europe. 6. 'Cold War Law': Legal Entrepreneurs and the Emergence of a European Legal Field (1945-1965) ; 7. The Transformation of Sub-State Nationalism in Conflicted Societies: the Impact of European Constitutionalism ; 8. Is There the Spirit of the European Laws? Critical Remarks on the EU Constitution-making, Enlargement and Political Culture ; 9. How to Conceptualise Law in European Union Integration Processes? Perspectives from the Literature and Empirical Research -- C - European Styles of Legal Regulation. 10. EU Ways of Governing the Marketing of Pharmaceuticals-a Shift towards more Integration, Better Consumer Protection and Better Regulation? ; 11. Embedded and Disembedded Rationality: Contributions to Global Governance from European and US American Legal Cultures ; 12. Dutch Legal Culture and Technological Transitions-the Impact of Dutch Government Interventions ; 13. Early Intervention and the Cultures of Youth Justice: A Comparison of Italy and Wales.

Preliminary Material -- Introduction /Philippe Gautier -- Introduction /Philippe Gautier -- Opening Statement of the President of the Tribunal, Judge Vladimir Golitsyn -- The Tribunal's Jurisprudence and Its Contribution to the Rule of Law /David Anderson -- The Tribunal's Jurisprudence and Its Contribution to the Rule of Law /José Luís Jesus -- The Precautionary Approach in the Advisory Opinion Concerning the Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons and Entities with Respect to Activities in the Area /Elsa Kelly -- The Tribunal's Jurisprudence and Its Contribution to the Rule of Law /Jin-Hyun Paik -- The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and the Rule of Law /Tullio Treves -- The Contribution of the Tribunal to the Progressive Development of International Law /Shunji Yanai -- The Elaboration of Due Diligence Obligations as a Mechanism to Ensure Compliance with International Legal Obligations by Private Actors /Doris König -- The Contribution of the Tribunal to the Progressive Development of International Law /Francisco Orrego Vicuña -- The Principle of Due Regard /Bernard H. Oxman -- The Contribution of the Tribunal to the Progressive Development of International Law /Tullio Scovazzi -- The Impacts of the Tribunal's Jurisprudence on the Development of International Law /Yoshifumi Tanaka -- The Contribution of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea to the Progressive Development of International Law /Peter Tomka -- The Tribunal and the Rule of Law /Alan Boyle -- La contribution du Tribunal international du droit de la mer au développement du droit international général – les dix dernières années /Alain Pellet -- The Indispensable Contributions of the Tribunal: A Practitioner's View /Paul S. Reichler -- Understanding the Advisory Jurisdiction of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea /Michael Wood -- L'amélioration des méthodes de travail de la justice internationale – Le point de vue de la Cour internationale de Justice /Ronny Abraham -- L'amélioration des méthodes de travail du Tribunal international du droit de la mer /Joseph Akl -- The efta Court's Working Methods /Carl Baudenbacher -- L'amélioration des méthodes de travail de la justice internationale /Jean-Pierre Cot -- Improving Working Methods in International Adjudication /Albert J. Hoffmann -- L'amélioration des méthodes de travail de la justice internationale /Tafsir Malick Ndiaye -- Programme of the Symposium 5–6 October 2016 -- Programme du colloque 5–6 Octobre 2016 -- List of Speakers -- Liste des intervenants -- List of Participants/Liste des participants -- Index.