Suchergebnisse

Letter from the Austro-Hungarian League to Gen. Alvaro Obregón congratulating him on the New Year and sending war calendars. / Carta de la Liga Patriótica Austro-Húngara al Gral. Alvaro Obregón felicitándolo por el Año Nuevo y enviándole calendarios de la guerra.

The history of the Catholic League is marked by the construction of lists such as the list of proscripts created in March 1594 after Henri IV entered Paris; or red paper, a list of policies that the Sise Parisians wanted to extract from the city in 1591, after President Brisson's assassination. If Henri IV's policy was about moderation towards former ligutors, but also towards evicts, we will still see how the politics that won the war used this 1594 list to mark the Exile ligutors ever. ; L'histoire de la Ligue catholique se caracterise par la construction de listes telle que la liste des proscrits creee en mars 1594 apres l'entree d'Henri IV dans Paris ; ou bien le papier rouge, liste des Politiques dont les Seize parisiens voulaient epurer de la ville en 1591, apres l'assassinat du president Brisson. Si la politique d'Henri IV etait portee a la moderation envers les anciens ligueurs, mais aussi envers les expulses, on verra neanmoins comment les Politiques qui ont gagne la guerre ont utilise cette liste de 1594 pour marquer a jamais d'infamie les ligueurs exiles.

La Santa Liga es una obra de teatro de Lope de Vega cuya acción recrea la derrota del Imperio Otomano en la batalla naval de Lepanto (1571). La obra refleja la imagen del mundo islámico que existía en España a finales del siglo XVI y principios del XVII. Lope de Vega transmite al público de su tiempo una concepción religiosa y política basada en la oposición al Islam. ; The Holy League is a play by Lope de Vega whose action recreates the Ottoman Empire's defeat in the naval battle of Lepanto (1571). The play reflects the image of the Islamic World between 16th and 17th century Spain. Lope de Vega transmits to the audience of the time religious and political conception based on the opposition to Islam.

In the last years of the government of Primo de Rivera by the initiative of Sisinio Nevares S.J., started in Valladolid the Catholic League of Women in Rural Areas with the purpose of improving their culture and their living conditions. He was inspired by the boerenbond system of great success in the Belgian agriculture. The Teresian Association was one of the main participants thinking that the project could be the means for an authentic renewal of teaching in rural areas. For the many factors analysed here it was not possible for the Teresian Association to continue in the project and in 1931 left it although that experience facilitated other endeavors of the same nature in America and in Spain. ; En los últimos años del gobierno primorriverista con iniciativa del P. Sisinio Nevares S.J., se crea en Valladolid la Liga Católica de Mujeres Campesinas en un intento de mejorar la cultura y las condiciones de vida de éstas. Le sirvió de modelo el sistema boerenbond, gran éxito de la agricultura belga. Entre los principales actores de la empresa estaba la Institución Teresiana que consideró que, el proyecto podría ser una auténtica renovación de la enseñanza en las áreas rurales. Por distintos factores que analizamos, no fue posible y esta Institución se retiró en 1931 aunque la experiencia le facilitaría empresas de este género en América y España.

Since the beginning of the eighties Treaties were graded as «Constitutional Charter», the process of European integration has increased rapidly, and the emergence of European Constitutionalism has only demonstrated the complex relationship between the Union and its Member States, between Union law and the law of its Member States. Both the State Theory and the Theory of the Constitution are to be only partially effective in defining an appropriate conceptual model to the new phenomenon of European integration. It speaks well of a new concept, that of «European constitutional League», which provides a common terminological and introduced into the Europe Union's vision of constitutional law at different levels. It is increasingly difficult to differentiate when we are dealing with national issues and when community issues. Therefore, if we want to legitimize the role of the European Union, we will have to try to include the constitutional principles governing the Member States in this new level. Hence the ambitious concept of «European constitutional League». But nevertheless, the many theoretical problems with this model reflect the difficulty of speaking of a multilevel system in which there is no coexistence between different hierarchical levels, because ultimately it does show a incorrect connection between them. ; Desde que a partir de los años ochenta se calificara a los Tratados como «Carta constitucional», el proceso de integración europea se ha intensificado a pasos agigantados, y la aparición del Constitucionalismo europeo no ha hecho sino evidenciar la compleja relación existente ente la Unión y sus Estados miembros, entre el Derecho de la Unión y el Derecho de sus Estados miembros. Tanto la Teoría del Estado como la Teoría de la Constitución resultan ser sólo parcialmente eficaces para definir un modelo conceptual adecuado al nuevo fenómeno de integración europea. Se habla así de un nuevo concepto, el de «Liga constitucional europea», que terminológicamente proporciona un denominador común y que introduce en la Unión Europe la visión de un Derecho constitucional a diferentes niveles. Cada vez es más difícil diferenciar cuándo estamos ante asuntos nacionales y cuándo ante asuntos comunitarios. Por este motivo, si queremos legitimar la función de la Unión Europea habrá que intentar incluir los principios constitucionales que rigen en los Estados miembros en este nuevo nivel. De ahí el ambicioso concepto de «Liga constitucional europea». Pero no obstante, los numerosos problemas teóricos que presenta este modelo reflejan la dificultad de hablar de un sistema multinivel en el que exista una convivencia no jerárquica entre los distintos niveles, pues en último término lo que refleja es una conexión incorrecta entre ellos.Since the beginning of the eighties Treaties were graded as «Constitutional Charter», the process of European integration has increased rapidly, and the emergence of European Constitutionalism has only demonstrated the complex relationship between the Union and its Member States, between Union law and the law of its Member States. Both the State Theory and the Theory of the Constitution are to be only partially effective in defining an appropriate conceptual model to the new phenomenon of European integration. It speaks well of a new concept, that of «European constitutional League», which provides a common terminological and introduced into the Europe Union's vision of constitutional law at different levels. It is increasingly difficult to differentiate when we are dealing with national issues and when community issues. Therefore, if we want to legitimize the role of the European Union, we will have to try to include the constitutional principles governing the Member States in this new level. Hence the ambitious concept of «European constitutional League». But nevertheless, the many theoretical problems with this model reflect the difficulty of speaking of a multilevel system in which there is no coexistence between different hierarchical levels, because ultimately it does show a incorrect connection between them.

[Peer reviewed article] With the formation of the international movement of supporters of Leon Trotsky expelled from the USSR and the growth of dissidents in the communist parties that sought communication and coordination outside national borders and an ideological message justifying their own dissent, the need arises to a coordinating and leading body of the recently created International Left Opposition (OII). So was created the International Secretariat (SI) that assumed the task of forming the international Trotskyist movement and then the Fourth International. It was an admirable effort by a very small group of people with few resources to mount a movement of world dimensions in competition with the giant rival that was the Stalinist Comintern of Moscow. This text aims to describe the agenda of the International Secretariat in relation to Latin America, its Trotskyist groups and parties. The source base serves the collection of the Archive Henk Sneevliet, one of the secretaries of the SI, kept in the Moscow archive RGASPI which covers only 1932-1936, while Sneevliet remains in the SI. The author starts from the hypothesis that the relative failure of the international Trotskyist movement lies in its initial ideological and political heterogeneity combined with the commitment to centralization and ideological unification, loaded with political intolerance, inherited from Russian Bolshevism and the Comintern. The SI was unable to promote the unification of diverse and heterogeneous Trotskyist groups into a single solid movement, condemning it to marginal political existence. ; [Artículo evaluado por pares] En los treinta, los grupos comunistas disidentes vinculados a León Trotsky se organizaron en la Oposición Internacional de Izquierda. Ello hizo necesario un órgano de coordinación: el Secretariado Internacional (SI) se encargó de formar el movimiento trotskista internacional y luego la IVª Internacional. Con escasos recursos financieros y un admirable esfuerzo, el SI buscó montar un movimiento de alcance ...

El artículo estudia el liberalismo de la filósofa española María Zambrano, atendiendo tanto a sus fuentes intelectuales como a su proyección en la Liga de Educación Social. En este sentido, se reconstruye el influjo de su padre Blas Zambrano y también el de su maestro José Ortega y Gasset, todo ello dentro del contexto político de la dictadura de Miguel Primo de Rivera ; This article aims to study the liberalism of the Spanish philosopher María Zambrano, focusing on both its intellectual origins and its repercussion in the League for Social Education. In this sense, the influence of her father Blas Zambrano and her master José Ortega y Gasset are analyzed, all in the context of the Dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera

This article aims to study the liberalism of the Spanish philosopher María Zambrano, focusing on both its intellectual origins and its repercussion in the League for Social Education. In this sense, the influence of her father Blas Zambrano and her master José Ortega y Gasset are analyzed, all in the context of the Dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera. ; La filosofía debe asumir la paradoja que la constituye: tiene una clara vocación de universalidad, pero al mismo tiempo se inscribe siempre en un contexto espacial y temporal concreto. Con ocasión de la creación de la Red Iberoamericana de Filosofía (RIF), que pretende defender los estudios de Filosofía en el sistema educativo, vertebrar a la comunidad filosófica iberoamericana y promover a escala mundial el pensamiento en español y portugués, en este artículo se esboza una reflexión geopolítica y geopolítica sobre los muchos estratos históricos que han configurado el espacio cultural iberoamericano y sobre la necesidad de que cuente con instituciones filosóficas como la RIF, para contrapesar la hegemonía geopolítica y geofilosófica del espacio cultural anglo-americano y el creciente poder del espacio índico-pacífico.