Suchergebnisse

The first edition of The Law of Refugee Status (published in 1991) is generally regarded as the seminal text on interpreting the refugee definition set by the UN's 1951 Refugee Convention. Its groundbreaking analysis served as the bedrock for not only much judicial reasoning, but also for a burgeoning academic literature in law and related fields. This second edition builds on the strong critical focus and human rights orientation of the first edition, but undertakes an entirely original analysis of the jurisprudence of leading common law and select civil law states. The authors provide robust responses to the most difficult questions of refugee status in a clear and direct way. The result is a comprehensive and truly global analysis of the central question in asylum law: who is a refugee?

Introduction -- Classical international law and early philosophy theory on peoples' rights -- Political theory that underpins the law -- International law on international legal sources -- Indigenous peoples' legal status under contemporary international law -- The content and scope of the right to self-determination when applied to indigenous peoples -- The right to equality -- Indigenous communities' property rights over lands and natural resources traditionally used -- The content and scope of indigenous communities' property rights over lands and natural resources traditionally used -- Summary

Acknowledgment -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Table of Cases -- Table of Legislation -- I Introduction -- II A Disability-Sensitive Interpretation of the Refugee Definition -- A Introduction -- B The Nature of the Refugee Definition and Its Interpretation -- 1 The Flexibility of the Refugee Definition -- 2 Competent Authorities for the Interpretation of the Refugee Convention -- 3 Static and Evolutionary Approach to Interpretation -- C Interpretation of the Refugee Definition According to the VCLT -- 1 Applicability of the VCLT (Art. 4 VCLT) -- 2 One Rule of Interpretation and Good Faith (Art. 31(1) VCLT) -- 3 Ordinary Meaning (Art. 31(1) VCLT) -- 4 Context (Art. 31(1) VCLT) -- 5 Object and Purpose (Art. 31(1) VCLT) -- 6 Contemporaneous Context (Art. 31(2) VCLT) -- 7 Subsequent Agreement (Art. 31(3)(a) VCLT) -- 8 Subsequent Practice (Art. 31(3)(b) VCLT) -- 9 Relevant Rules of International Law Applicable between the Parties (Art. 31(3)(c) VCLT) -- 10emsp; Supplementary Means of Interpretation (Art. 32 VCLT) -- 11emsp; Treaty Authenticated in Two or More Languages (Art. 33 VCLT) -- 12emsp; Conclusion -- D An Evolutionary and Human Rights Approach to the Refugee Definition -- 1 An Evolutionary Interpretation of the Refugee Convention -- 2 The Human Rights Approach to the Refugee Definition -- 3 The Relevance of the CRPD under the Human Rights Approach -- III 'Being Persecuted': Serious Harm -- A Introduction -- B Disability-Specific Forms of Serious Harm -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Extrajudicial Killings and Ritual Murders -- 3 Forced Institutionalisation and Forced Treatment -- 4 Threats to the Physical and Moral Integrity and Security -- 5 Denial of Medical Treatment and Health Care -- 6 Denial of Work, an Adequate Standard of Living and Accessibility -- 7 Denial of Inclusive Education -- 8 Situations of War -- 9 Denial of Legal Capacity -- 10 Conclusion -- C Disability-Specific Approach to Serious Harm in light of the VCLT -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Interpretation According to Art. 31 VCLT and Art. 32 VCLT (Drafting History) -- 3 The Relevance of Human Rights to Persecution: Different Theories of the Human Rights Approach -- 4 Interpretation According to Art. 32 VCLT (unhcr Practice and State Practice) -- 5 Interpretation According to Art. 32 VCLT (International Human Rights Standards) -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Extrajudicial Killings and Ritual Murders -- 5.3 Forced Institutionalisation and Forced Treatment -- 5.4 Threats to the Physical and Moral Integrity and Security -- 5.5 Right to Health Care and Medical Treatment -- 5.6 Right to Work and to an Adequate Standard of Living and Accessibility -- 5.7 Right to Inclusive Education and Children's Rights -- 5.8 Situations of War -- 5.9 Denials of Legal Capacity -- 6 Conclusion -- D Conclusion on Serious Harm -- IV Failure of State Protection -- A Introduction -- B The Level of State Protection -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Level of State Protection in Cases with Disabilities -- 3 The Level of State Protection and a Disability-Specific Approach -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Interpretation According to Arts. 31 and 32 VCLT (Drafting History) -- 3.3 Interpretation According to Art. 32 VCLT (unhcr Practice and State Practice) -- 3.4 Interpretation According to Art. 32 VCLT (International Human Rights Law) -- 3.5 Conclusion on Disability-Specific Interpretation -- 4 Conclusion on Sufficiency of State Protection -- C Internal Protection Alternative -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Reasonableness of an Internal Protection Alternative for Persons with Disabilities -- 3 Conclusion on Internal Protection Alternative -- D Conclusion on the Level of State Protection -- V Causal Nexus - 'for Reasons of' -- A Introduction -- B Causal Nexus and Persecutory Intent -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Persecutory Intent Approach in Cases with Disabilities -- 3 Persecutory Intent and a Disability-Specific Approach -- 4 Conclusion on Persecutory Intent -- C Causal Nexus, Persecutory Effect and Omissions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Bifurcated Approach -- 3 Inability to Fulfil, Omissions and Discriminatory Effect in Cases of Persons with Disabilities -- 4 Inability to Fulfil, Omissions, Discriminatory Effect and a Disability-Specific Approach -- 5 Conclusion on Omissions and Discriminatory Effect -- D Mixed Causes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mixed Causes in Cases of Persons with Disabilities -- 3 Mixed Causes and a Disability-Specific Approach -- 4 Conclusion on Mixed Causes -- E Conclusion on Causal Link -- VI Convention Ground 'Particular Social Group' -- A Introduction -- B Persons with Disabilities and Membership of a 'Particular Social Group' -- 1 Introduction -- 2 'Particular Social Group' in Cases with Disabilities -- 3 'Particular Social Group' and a Disability-Specific Approach -- C Conclusion on Persons with Disabilities as a 'Particular Social Group' -- VII Conclusion -- A Summary -- B Outlook -- Bibliography -- Index.

The Legal Status and Perspectives of Ethnic Minorities in European States explores the new definition of the nation-state in the context of an internally conflicted European society through a concept of ethnic law as the right of ethnic minorities, creating their legal and ethnic identity.

Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Author's Note -- Kings of the Chosŏn Dynasty -- Introduction -- ONE: The Confucian State, Law, and Emotions -- TWO: Gender, Writing, and Legal Performance -- THREE: Women's Grievances and Their Gendered Narrative of Wŏn -- FOUR: Seeking Vindication or Begging Pardon on Behalf of the Living -- FIVE: In Search of Justice on Behalf of the Dead -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Glossary -- A -- C -- G -- H -- I -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- W -- Y -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y.

Mesopotamian and biblical societies in antiquity were characterized by their patriarchal structure. The father was head of the family unit, and his rule extended over many areas of life. He had broad legal authority over the members of his household, including his offspring. It is therefore expected that in the ancient sources a dominant father figure would be mentioned alone or almost alone. And yet, in Mesopotamian and biblical texts, particularly legal writings, the exclusivity of the father is not always explicit. In many of the Mesopotamian and biblical writings, especially legal texts, the mother is mentioned in various contexts and in a range of realms, mainly those pertaining to her offspring. This intriguing phenomenon raised the question whether the mother in the ancient Near East and ancient Israel had legal authority in the household. The book The Legal Status of the Mother in the Ancient Near East and the Bible sheds light on the world of the ancient mothers and their status within the households and the societies in which they lived. This study demonstrates that the mother acted by virtue of the legal status she possessed in matters related to her sons and daughters' marriages and their behavior towards her. This book is for those walking in the fields of Mesopotamian and biblical research, and for readers interested in the universal subject in question - the relations between the mother and her offspring