Suchergebnisse

Summary The Decree Law 4170 of 2011 (Decree Law 4170, 2011) established, among other functions of the National Public Procurement Agency — Colombia Efficient Purchase, the task of building tools for the organisation and articulation of participants in purchasing and public procurement processes, in order to achieve greater efficiency, transparency and optimisation of state resources. In carrying out its tasks, the agency has developed legal instruments to clarify specific and cross-cutting regulatory issues within public procurement; however, these do not have the own and natural powers of ordinary law rules, it is for this reason that the impact of these instruments on public procurement processes is analysed in this article. ; Resumen El Decreto Ley 4170 de 2011 (Decreto Ley 4170, 2011) estableció, entre otras funciones de la Agencia Nacional de Contratación Pública - Colombia Compra Eficiente, la de construir herramientas orientadas a la organización y articulación de los partícipes en los procesos de compras y contratación pública, con el fin de lograr una mayor eficiencia, transparencia y optimización de los recursos del Estado. En el desarrollo de sus funciones, la agencia ha desarrollado instrumentos jurídicos que dilucidan temas específicos y transversales de regulación dentro de la Contratación Pública; sin embargo, estos carecen de las facultades propias y naturales de las normas de derecho común, es por ello que en el presente artículo se analiza el impacto de esos instrumentos en los procesos de contratación pública.

RESUMEN. El proceso de Resolución de Disputas en Línea (R.D.L.) nació en EE.UU. en el ámbito del derecho, aplicando las nuevas tecnologías, trasladaron distintos procesos de la Resolución Alternativa de Disputas (negociación, mediación, conciliación y arbitraje) al entorno cibernético. Inicialmente, esta aplicación se limitó a disputas surgidas en la propia red y, de forma particular, a conflictos relacionados con el comercio electrónico donde resulta un éxito. Pronto se demostró su utilidad para muchos sectores económicos en los que la coincidencia física de las partes no resulta decisiva para la solución de la controversia o, al menos, no durante todo el proceso. En Europa, sin embargo, no se ha extendido aún el uso de los sistemas de R.D.L. Desde la Directiva 2008/52/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo de 21 de mayo de 2008 sobre ciertos aspectos de la mediación en asuntos civiles y mercantiles y desde la reciente Ley española 5/2012, de 6 de julio, de Mediación en asuntos civiles y mercantiles, se está impulsando el uso de la denominada mediación electrónica. Un paso más adelante sería integrar estos sistemas en la propia Administración de Justicia suponiendo un verdadero sistema de múltiples puertas (o ventanas si nos referimos a la pantalla del ordenador) de acceso a la justicia. En el presente artículo se abordan algunas cuestiones básicas sobre el régimen jurídico de esta mediación realizada por medios electrónicos. Sin embargo, queda aún un amplio margen para la mejora efectiva de la Administración electrónica y la Justicia integrando los sistemas de R.D.L. ; ABSTRACT. Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) emerge in the field of law in the US, to apply new technologies to Alternative Dispute Resolution processes (negotiation, mediation, conciliation and arbitration). Initially, this application was limited to disputes arising on the web, and it was particularly successful in conflicts related to electronic commerce. It soon proved it valuable for many economic sectors in which physical coincidence of the parties is not decisive for the settlement of the dispute, or at least not during the entire process. In Europe, however, ODR systems have not been much developed. Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters and the recent Spanish Law 5/2012, of July 6, are promoting the use of so-called electronic mediation. A further step would be to integrate these systems into the administration of justice, assuming a true system of "multiple doors" (or windows if we refer to the computer screen) access to justice. This article addresses basic issues on the legal status of mediation conducted by electronic means. However, there is considerable room for improvement in the judiciary and public administration integrating ODR methods.

The legislator considers the term "educational system" as one of the basic education laws. The legal term (included in the Education Law Act) "the educational system covers" lists its elements. They include, for example, various types of schools, kindergartens, alternative forms of preschool education, children's holiday homes, centers of education. This system realizes recognized values, principles, as well as certain postulates and guidelines contained in the law. In essence, it is a collection of organizational units, whose activity is regulated by the Education Law Act. The majority of these activities are addressed to pupils. Some elements are also addressed to teachers and serve to develop them. Colleges of Social Service Workers do not fit in with the rest of the educational system.

Not Available ; The land resource inventory of Guddanahalli microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and these physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the Microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 418 ha in Koppal taluk and district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought - prone with an average annual rainfall of 662 mm, of which about 424 mm is received during south –west monsoon, 161 mm during north-east and the remaining 77 mm during the rest of the year. An area of about 94 per cent is covered by soils and 3 per cent by water bodies and settlements, 150 cm).  An area of about 20 per cent has sandy (loamy sand) surface, 59 per cent loamy (sandy loam and sandy clay loam) surface and 16 per cent has clayey (sandy clay and clay) soils at the surface.  About 53 per cent of the area has non-gravelly (200 mm/m).  An area of about 8 per cent has nearly level (0-1%) lands and 86 per cent very gently sloping (1-3%) lands.  An area of about 36 per cent is slightly eroded (e1) and 58 per cent is moderately eroded (e2) lands.  An area of about 9.0).  The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils are dominantly 0.75%) in 19 per cent area of the microwatershed.  Available phosphorus is medium (23-57 kg/ha) in 61 per cent and high(>57 kg/ha) in 32 per cent area of the soils.  Available potassium is medium (145-337 kg/ha) in 79 per cent and high (>337 kg/ha) in 15 per cent of the soils.  Available sulphur is low (20 ppm) in 39 per cent area of the soils.  Available boron is low (4.5 ppm) in 81 per cent of the area.  Available zinc is deficient (0.6 ppm) in 17 per cent area of the microwatershed.  Available manganese and copper are sufficient in the entire area.  The land suitability for 28 major agricultural and horticultural crops grown in the microwatershed was assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (class S1) and moderately suitable (class S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price, and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable(S1) Moderately suitable(S2) Highly suitable(S1) Moderately suitable(S2) Sorghum 56(13) 77(19) Pomegranate 36(9) 132(32) Maize 1(<1) 133(32) Guava 1(<1) 111(27) Bajra 2(<1) 205(49) Jackfruit 36(9) 77(19) Redgram 1(<1) 117(28) Jamun - 145(35) Bengalgram 54(13) 103(25) Musambi 68(16) 99(24) Groundnut 2(<1) 290(69) Lime 68(16) 99(24) Sunflower 34(8) 85(20) Cashew 1(<1) 110(26) Cotton 54(13) 79(19) Custard apple 107(26) 280(67) Chilli 1(<1) 69(17) Amla 36(9) 351(84) Tomato 1(<1) 69(17) Tamarind - 79(19) Drumstick 36(9) 300(63) Marigold 1(<1) 133(32) Mulberry 36(9) 312(75) Chrysanthemum 1(<1) 133(32) Mango - 46(11) Jasmine 1(<1) 78(19) Sapota 36(9) 77(19) Crossandra 1(<1) 102(25) Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the 8 identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and other horticulture crops.  Maintaining soil-health is vital for crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc.,  Drainage line treatment and Soil and Water Conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required.  As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in supplementing the farm income, provide fodder and fuel, and generate lot of biomass which in turn would help in maintaining the ecological balance and contribute to mitigating the climate change. ; Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project

The article analyzes the status of cultural rights of internally displaced persons in Ukraine. The objective necessity of improving the quality and effectiveness of regulatory regulation in the context of the current situational space and underestimating the role of state institutions aimed at ensuring the urgent need to exercise their cultural rights by internally displaced persons have been determined. At the legislative level, the declared cultural rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons are not actually respected, and conflicts and loopholes in the current legislation continue to impede the full exercise of their constitutional rights and freedoms by internally displaced persons. The ordinary citizen of Ukraine and internally displaced persons has unequal access to state resources. Analysis of the observance of cultural rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons in Ukraine was conducted, and the emphasis was placed on the need to improve the interaction of state institutions in order to address the urgent need for the exercise of cultural rights by internally displaced persons. It is emphasized that Ukraine has been challenged, as well as other countries, which have been faced with forced displacement of persons within the country, to develop, refine and improve national legislation in order to protect internally displaced persons at all levels within the country and to comply with such protection to international standards. In order to qualitatively account and identify the cultural needs of internally displaced persons, copyright changes have been proposed to the order of administration of the Unified Information Database on Internally Displaced Persons and to enter the necessary information to account for and identify the educational needs of internally displaced persons and their children. The integration of Ukraine into the European Union requires a rethinking of this situation and the restoration of equal access for all citizens of Ukraine to their cultural rights, regardless of the status of "internally displaced person". In this context, the issue of guaranteeing the state the realization of cultural rights by internally displaced persons is of particular relevance in Ukraine. ; У статті проаналізовано стан забезпечення культурних прав внутрішньо переміщених осіб в Україні. Визначено об'єктивну необхідність підвищення якості й ефективності нормативно-правового регулювання в умовах сучасного ситуативного простору та недооцінку ролі державних інституцій, діяльність яких спрямована на забезпечення врегулювання нагальної потреби реалізації своїх культурних прав внутрішньо переміщеними особами. На законодавчому рівні декларовані культурні права та свободи внутрішньо переміщених осіб реально не дотримуються, колізії й прогалини в чинному законодавстві чинить перешкоди для повноцінної реалізації внутрішньо переміщеними особами своїх конституційних прав і свобод. Так, звичайний громадянин України та внутрішньо переміщені особи мають неоднаковий доступ до ресурсів держави. Проведено системний аналіз дотримання культурних прав і свобод внутрішньо переміщених осіб в Україні, а також акцентовано увагу на необхідності вдосконалення взаємодії державних інституцій з метою урегулювання нагальної потреби реалізації культурних прав внутрішньо переміщеними особами. Акцентовано, що перед Україною став виклик, як і перед іншими державами, котрі зіткнулися з вимушеним переселенням осіб у межах країни, розробити, доопрацювати й удосконалити національне законодавство з метою захисту внутрішньо переміщених осіб на всіх рівнях у межах країни та приведення до відповідності такого захисту міжнародним стандартам. З метою якісного обліку й виявлення культурних потреб внутрішньо переміщених осіб запропоновано авторські зміни до порядку адміністрування Єдиної інформаційної бази даних про внутрішньо переміщених осіб і внесення необхідної інформації для обліку та виявлення освітніх потреб внутрішньо переміщених осіб і їхніх дітей. Інтеграція України до Європейського Союзу вимагає переосмислення такої ситуації та відтворення рівного доступу всіх громадян України до своїх культурних прав, незважаючи на статус «внутрішньо переміщена особа». У цьому контексті в Україні особливої актуальності набуває питання гарантування державою реалізації культурних прав внутрішньо переміщеними особами.

Foreword. Preface 1. Introduction 2. The Problem of Unity in Diversity 3. The Heavenly Status of Those Who Are in Christ 4. The Unity of All in Christ 5. Tomorrow is Already Here 6. The Importance of Prayer 7. Doing What Comes Naturally 8. No Longer Strangers 9. The Church: God's Last Hope for Earth 10. The Prayer of All Nations 11. The Fatherhood of God 12. Unity Does Not Mean Uniformity 13. Morals and Lifestyle in the Church 14. Is the Head of the House at Home? 15. Armed for the Struggle 16. Is This Unity in Diversity Possible? Addendum: The Healing of the Nations

Not Available ; The land resource inventory of Kidadhala-1 microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and these physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the Microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 522 ha in Koppal taluk and district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought - prone with an average annual rainfall of 662 mm, of which about 424 mm is received during south –west monsoon, 161 mm during north-east and the remaining 77 mm during the rest of the year. An area of about 89 per cent is covered by soils, 150 cm).  About 7 per cent of the area is having sandy soils, 81 per cent loamy soils and 1 per cent has clayey soils at the surface.  About 7 per cent of the area has non-gravelly (200mm/m).  An area of about 0.75%) in 49 per cent area of the soils.  Available phosphorus is low (57 kg/ha) in 39 per cent of the soils.  Available potassium is low (337 kg/ha) in 21 per cent of the soils.  Available sulphur is low (20 ppm) in 49 per cent area of the soils  Available boron is low (4.5 ppm) in the entire area.  Available zinc is deficient (0.6 ppm) in 75 per cent of the area.  Available manganese and copper are sufficient in the entire area.  The land suitability for 28 major agricultural and horticultural crops grown in the microwatershed was assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (class S1) and moderately suitable (class S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price, and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum 12(2) 99 (19) Pomegranate 4(<1) 364(70) Maize 4(<1) 121(23) Guava 2(<1) 364(70) Bajra 4(<1) 349(67) Jackfruit 4(1) 363(70) Redgram 4(<1) 101(19) Jamun 2(<1) 365(70) Bengal gram 7(1) 103 (20) Musambi 4(<1) 364 (70) Groundnut 2(<1) 386 (74) Lime 4(<1) 370 (71) Sunflower 4(<1) 108(21) Cashew - 373(71) Cotton 9 (2) 101(20) Custard apple 56 (11) 378(73) Chilli 4(<1) 99(19) Amla 49(9) 385(74) Tomato 4(<1) 65(12) Tamarind 2(<1) 62 (12) Drumstick 4(<1) 165(31) Marigold 4(<1) 107 (20) Mulberry 4(<1) 425(81) Chrysanthemum 4(<1) 107(20) Mango 2(<1) 62(11) Jasmine 4(<1) 107(20) Sapota 4(<1) 357(68) Crossandra 4(<1) 99(19) Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the 6 identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and other horticulture crops.  Maintaining soil-health is vital to crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc.,  Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required.  As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in supplementing the farm income, provide fodder and fuel, and generate lot of biomass which in turn would help in maintaining the ecological balance and contribute to mitigating the climate change. FINDINGS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY  The survey was conducted in Kidadhala-1 is located at North latitude 150 21' 47.551" and 150 20' 28.719" and East longitude 760 13' 39.692'' and 760 11' 46.69" covering an area of about 521.98 ha coming under under Kidadhala, Koppala and Basapura Villages of Koppala taluk.  Socio-economic analysis of Kidadhala-1 micro watersheds of Bhagyanagar subwatershed, Koppal taluk & District indicated that, out of the total sample of 35 total respondents, 12 (34.29 %) were marginal, 7 (20.00%) were small, 5 (14.29 %) were Semi medium and 5 (14.29 %) were medium and 1 (2.86 %) were large farmers.  The population characteristics of households indicated that, there were 91 (50.28%) men and 89 (49.17 %) were women.  Majority of the respondents (39.78%) were in the age group of 16-35 years.  Education level of the sample households indicated that, there were 49.17 per cent illiterates, 1.10 percent were functional literates, 45.30 per cent pre university education and 1.66 per cent attained graduation.  About, 28.57 per cent of household heads practicing agriculture and 68.57 per cent of the household heads were engaged as agricultural labourers.  Agriculture was the major occupation for 9.94 per cent of the household members.  In the study area, 88.57 per cent of the households possess katcha house and 2.86 per cent possess pucca house.  The durable assets owned by the households showed that, 91.43 per cent possess TV, 85.71 per cent possess mixer grinder, 100.00 per cent possess mobile phones and 22.86 per cent possess motor cycles.  Farm implements owned by the households indicated that, 2.86 per cent of the households possess plough, 2.86 per cent possess tractor and 5.71 per cent possess sprayer.  Regarding livestock possession by the households, 22.86 per cent possess local cow and 11.43 per cent possess buffalo.  The average labour availability in the study area showed that, own men and women labour availability in the micro watershed was 6.40 each, while the hired labour (men) availability was 1.97.  Further, 22.86 per cent of the households opined that hired labour was inadequate during the agricultural season.  Out of the total land holding of the sample respondents 81.64 per cent (77.81 ha) of the area is under dry condition and the remaining 16.14 per cent area is irrigated land.  There were 9.00 live bore wells among the sampled households.  Bore/open well was the major source of irrigation for 31.42 per cent of the households.  The major crops grown by sample farmers are Maize, Bajra, Cotton, Red gram and Sunflower and cropping intensity was recorded as 77.86 per cent. 2  The per hectare cost of cultivation for Maize, Bajra, Cotton, Red gram and Sunflower was Rs.45125.41, 27940.51, 38832.25, 29911.57 and 37509.54 with benefit cost ratio of 1:1.10, 1: 1.50, 1: 2.60, 1: 0.90 and 1:0.80 respectively.  Further, 31.43 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was adequate and 42.86 per cent of the households have opined that the green fodder was adequate.  The average annual gross income of the farmers was Rs. 90614.57 in micro-watershed, of which Rs. 65941.43 comes from agriculture.  Sampled households have grown 19 horticulture trees and 103 forestry trees together in the fields and back yards.  Households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 3142.86 for land development and Rs. 1200.00 for irrigation facility.  Source of funds for additional investment is concerned, 14.29 per cent depends on own funds and 45.71 per cent depends on bank loan for land development activities.  Regarding marketing channels, 82.86 per cent of the households have sold agricultural produce to the local/village merchants, while, 25.71 per cent have sold in regulated markets.  Further, 111.43 per cent of the households have used tractor for the transport of agriculture commodity.  Majority of the farmers (57.14%) have experienced soil and water erosion problems in the watershed and 57.14 per cent of the households were interested towards soil testing.  Fire was the major source of fuel for domestic use for 94.29 per cent of the households and 5.71 per cent households has LPG connection.  Piped supply was the major source for drinking water for 77.14 per cent of the households.  Electricity was the major source of light for 100.00 per cent of the households.  In the study area, 45.71 per cent of the households possess toilet facility.  Regarding possession of PDS card, 88.57 per cent of the households possessed BPL card, 5.71 per cent of the household's possessed APL card and 0.00 per cent of the household's were not having ration cards.  Households opined that, the requirement of cereals (94.29%), pulses (80.00%) and oilseeds (5.71%) are adequate for consumption.  Farming constraints experienced by households in the micro watersheds were lower fertility status of the soil (31.43%) wild animal menace on farm field (37.14%), frequent incidence of pest and diseases (68.57%), inadequacy of irrigation water (22.86%), high cost of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals (57.14%), high rate of interest on credit (42.86%), low price for the agricultural commodities (60.00%), lack of marketing facilities in the area (54.29%), inadequate extension services (5.71%), lack of transport for safe transport of the agricultural produce to the market (5.71%), Less rainfall (22.86%) and Source of Agri-technology information (Newspaper/ TV/Mobile) (22.86%). ; Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project

Not Available ; The land resource inventory of Haligeri-5 microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and these physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the Microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 614 ha in Koppal taluk and district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought - prone with an average annual rainfall of 662 mm, of which about 424 mm is received during south –west monsoon, 161 mm during north-east and the remaining 77 mm during the rest of the year. An area of about 99 per cent is covered by soil and 1 per cent by water bodies. The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below.  The soils belong to 7 soil series and 12 soil phases (management units) and 4 land management units.  The length of crop growing period is 150cm) soils. Entire area has clayey soils at the surface.  About 76 per cent of the area has non-gravelly (200mm/m) in available water capacity.  An area of about 4 per cent has nearly level (0-1%) and 95 per cent has very gently sloping (1-3%) lands.  An area of about 17 per cent is slightly eroded (e1) and 82 per cent is moderately eroded (e2).  An area of about 76 per cent is strongly alkaline (pH 8.4 to 9.0) and 23 per cent very strongly alkaline (pH >9.0).  The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils are 337 kg/ha) in the entire area of the soils.  Available sulphur is low (20 ppm) in 7 per cent area of the soils.  Available boron is low (1.0 ppm) in 9 per cent area of the microwatershed.  Available iron is deficient (<4.5ppm) in the entire area of the microwatershed.  Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in the entire area of the microwatershed.  Available manganese and copper are sufficient in the entire area.  The land suitability for 31 major agricultural and horticultural crops grown in the microwatershed was assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (class S1) and moderately suitable (class S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price, and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum - 255(41) Sapota - - Maize - 255 (41) Pomegranate - 255(41) Bajra - 255(41) Guava - - Redgram - 255(41) Jackfruit - - Bengal gram - 255(41) Jamun - - Groundnut - - Musambi - 255(41) Sunflower - 255(41) Lime - 255(41) Cotton - 255(41) Cashew - - Chilli - 255(41) Custard apple - 255(41) Tomato - - Amla - - Brinjal - - Tamarind - - Onion - - Marigold - 255(41) Bhendi - 255(41) Chrysanthemum - 255 (41) Drumstick - - Jasmine - - Mulberry - - Crossandra - - Mango - - - - -  Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the 4 identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and other horticulture crops.  Maintaining soil-health is vital for crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc.,  Soil and water conservation and drainage line treatment plans have been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required.  As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. That would help in supplementing the farm income, provide fodder and fuel, and generate lot of biomass which in turn would help in maintaining the ecological balance and contribute to mitigating the climate change. FINDINGS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY  The survey was conducted in Haligeri-5 is located at North latitude 150 25' 26.363" and 150 23' 45.883" and East longitude 760 5' 15.039'' and 760 3' 17.019" covering an area of about 643.51 ha coming under Haligeri, Veerapura and Bhanapur villages of Koppal taluk.  Socio-economic analysis of Haligeri-5 micro watersheds of Haligeri sub-watershed, Koppala taluk & District indicated that, out of the total sample of 35 farmers were sampled in Haligeri-5 micro-watershed among households surveyed 14 (40.00%) were marginal, 9 (25.71%) were small and 7 (20.00 %) were semi medium farmers. 5 landless farmers were also interviewed for the survey.  The population characteristics of households indicated that, there were 83 (57.64%) men and 61 (42.36 %) were women. The average population of landless was 4, marginal farmers 4.6, small farmers were 3.1 and semi medium farmers were 4.6.  Majority of the respondents (34.72%) were in the age group of 16-35 years.  Education level of the sample households indicated that, there were 20.83 per cent illiterates, 77.09 per cent pre university education and 6.94 per cent attained graduation.  About, 82.86 per cent of household heads practicing agriculture and 14.29 per cent of the household heads were engaged as agricultural labourers.  Agriculture was the major occupation for 55.56 per cent of the household members.  In the study area, 94.29 per cent of the households possess katcha house and 2.86 per cent possess pucca house.  The durable assets owned by the households showed that, 100.00 per cent possess TV, 100.00 per cent possess mobile phones and 34.29 per cent possess motor cycles.  Farm implements owned by the households indicated that, 2.86 per cent of the households possess plough, 14.29 per cent possess tractor, 8.57 per cent possess bullock cart.  Regarding livestock possession by the households, 11.43 per cent possess local cow and 5.71 per cent possess buffalo.  The average labour availability in the study area showed that, own labour men available in the micro watershed was 1.45, women available in the micro watershed was 1.19, hired labour (men) available was 11.35 and hired labour (women) available was 12.  Further, 5.71 per cent of the households opined that hired labour was inadequate during the agricultural season.  Out of the total land holding of the sample respondents 99.05 per cent (42.70 ha) of the area is under dry condition and the remaining 0.95 per cent area is irrigated land.  Bore well was the major source of irrigation for 2.86 per cent of the households. 2  The major crops grown by sample farmers are Maize, Green gram, Bengal gram, Sorghum and Sunflower and cropping intensity was recorded as 85.54 per cent.  Out of the sample households 31.43 percent possessed bank account.  About 31.43 per cent of the respondents borrowed credit from various sources.  The per hectare cost of cultivation for Maize, Green gram, Bengal gram, Sorghum and Sunflower was Rs.23599.76 , 20722.41, 28321.72, 20402.46 and 12440.42 with benefit cost ratio of 1:2.50, 1: 1.80, 1: 3.80, 1: 0.90 and 1:2.40 respectively.  Further, 2.86 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was adequate and 2.86 per cent of the households have opined that the green fodder was adequate.  The average annual gross income of the farmers was Rs. 90230.86 in microwatershed, of which Rs. 73594.29 comes from agriculture.  Sampled households have grown 13 forestry trees together in the fields and back yards.  Households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 2685.71 for land development. Source of funds for additional investment is concerned, 51.43 per cent depends on bank loan for land development activities.  Regarding marketing channels, 85.71 per cent of the households have sold agricultural produce to the local/village merchants.  Further, 82.86 per cent of the households have used tractor for the transport of agriculture commodity.  Majority of the farmers (82.86%) have experienced soil and water erosion problems in the watershed and 77.14 per cent of the households were interested towards soil testing.  Fire was the major source of fuel for domestic use for 97.14 per cent of the households and 2.86 per cent households has LPG connection.  Piped supply was the major source for drinking water for 80.00 per cent of the households. Electricity was the major source of light for 100.00 per cent of the households. In the study area, 31.43 per cent of the households possess toilet facility.  Regarding possession of PDS card, 100.00 per cent of the households possessed BPL card.  Households opined that, the requirement of cereals (100.00%), pulses (100.00%) and oilseeds (48.57%) are adequate for consumption.  Farming constraints experienced by households in the micro watersheds were lower fertility status of the soil (85.71%) wild animal menace on farm field (85.71%), frequent incidence of pest and diseases (82.86%), inadequacy of irrigation water (14.29%), high cost of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals (80.00%), high rate of interest on credit (71.43%), low price for the agricultural commodities (51.43%), lack of marketing facilities in the area (65.71%), inadequate extension services (2.86%) and lack of transport for safe transport of the agricultural produce to the market (60.00%). ; Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project

When one considers the abundant number of nations, laws, and forms of government that have emerged throughout the history of civilization, it becomes apparent that although mankind shares common traits and attributes, societies often implement different principles as they strive to protect their interests and achieve their goals. As the philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau remarked, "besides the principles that are common to all, every nation has in itself something that gives them a particular application, and makes its legislation peculiarly its own."1 Because every society faces a unique set of challenges, every society must solve its particular dilemmas in a unique fashion. In his celebrated work, The Spirit of Laws, Montesquieu observed that "the government most conformable to nature is that which best agrees with the humor and disposition of the people in whose favor it is established."2 This treatise seeks to illustrate that the law of a society must be founded upon principles that not only promote its welfare and goals, but also are compatible with its culture. If a society is to be successful, its government must also be capable of recognizing threats to stability and managing them in a fashion that preserves its ideals and foundational principles. This treatise is divided into three parts. Part I consists of an abstract philosophical discussion on the nature of government and role of law within society. In Part II, the role of law within the American system of government is portrayed. Part III begins with a consideration of the role fulfilled by the Supreme Court within the American legal system and concludes with a discussion concerning the potential usefulness of the Court in preserving the fundamental principles of American society.

In any event, all abortion laws--especially the newer laws--are rather elastic. I presume that they will be applied rigidly or leniently depending upon the attitude of the physician. Given a liberal attitude, I suppose the deciding factor would be whether the woman concerned wishes to have the baby or prefers to terminate the pregnancy. I have a feeling that any woman in the United States today who takes the latter attitude will have an abortion, therapeutic or non-therapeutic, medical or lay. In the long run, legislation against abortions is like any legislation against sin; it is commendable but ineffectual.

Bill introduced by the Texas House of Representatives relating to the use of funds appropriated for the continuing legal education of certain appointed masters, magistrates, referees, and associate judges.

Object-Based Storage (OBS) has become the main type of storage system in the cloud. With applications moving to cloud-based services (viz., micro services architecture, Software as a Service [5G, SD-WAN], Security as a Service etc.,) and large cloud vendors having many data centres globally, where-in data can be stored across data centres belonging to different countries or states, hence it is challenging to provide data security and privacy. Also, with different laws for providing data protection and privacy we need to guarantee that PII data (it may be government departmental data, personal health records etc.,), is adhering to government laws. Additionally, there are use cases where customers might be using services belonging to different cloud service providers and hence their data also distributed across different cloud service providers. The techniques presented herein propose method to ensure that all PII data stored in the cloud using Object-Based Storage enforced with government data protection and privacy laws, by having de-centralised distribution of OBS policies across the cloud data centres and across different cloud service providers without compromising on GDPR.

Professional sports, from the standpoint of sociology, is a type of subculture. This is a system of relations based on the factor of social self-regulation. In view of the above, social relations in the field of sports are also characterized by the autonomy of their legal regulation. Such social ecosystem forms an autonomous legal order, which is in a degree of relative dependence on state regulation, while remaining an integral segment of the legal system of society as a whole. The sports order is formed among other factors by a huge network of various institutions, organizations and regulators, cooperation and participation of public and private entities at different levels, and has its own judicial system, which is based on the International Court of Arbitration for Sport in Lausanne. It is the autonomy of the sports legal order that presupposes the existence of a system of jurisdictional bodies whose activities are aimed at considering disputes in the relevant sphere of relations. At the same time, despite the integrity of the system of sports law and order in relation to public law and order, the internal organizational unity, in particular, of the process of resolving disputes in sports relations is unbalanced. The above indicates the need for clearer legal regulation of activities in the field of professional sports, in particular in terms of issues raised. At the level of national legislation of Ukraine, it is necessary to define statutorily self-regulatory organizations, to give the appropriate status to national federations and consolidate the structure of participants in relations in the field of professional sports around them. This will resolve the issue of local regulation of relations in the field of professional sports, including in the disciplinary field, as well as unify the general rules of dispute resolution in the bodies of alternative (arbitration) jurisdiction, appeals against their decisions.

In the adopted at the 127th plenary session Opinion Venice Commission analyzed the objectives and rationale for the legislative amendments to the laws affecting "foreign agents"; expanding the range of individuals and legal entities that can be designated as "foreign agents"; expansion of administrative requirements and restrictions for "foreign agents"; expansion of sanctions for violation of these requirements and restrictions. The Commission concluded that the adoption of these amendments constitutes a serious violation of fundamental human rights, including freedom of association and expression, the right to privacy, the right to participate in public affairs, and the principle of non-discrimination and expressed especial concern about the cumulative impact of the latest amendments on organizations, individuals, the media and civil society in general.