Suchergebnisse

We are witnessing an important evolution in Western society of the condemnation and legal justice as regard to sexual violence towards children, teenager especially girls, but also young boys. It is in this context that my research has been carried out. There has been a double investigation; legislative sociology; and judicial sociology. They put up to date the important placing of age reference, the evolution as regarding sexual norms and representations of illicit sexual relations.The first investigation of legislative historic sociology carries on the evolution of French penal codes dating from the French Revolution to today. It is censed on slow mutations of categories of incrimination that consent (no longer the matrimonial state) becomes the major point that separates permission and the forbidden. The second inquiry of judicial sociology was carried out int the archives of two correctional courts, two children correctional courts in the South of France. It carries upon the documentation of eighty-one judged cases from 2010 for sexual offences against minors. The aim is to put light upon penal qualification of facts, not only the problem of legal proof but also changes as regard to social and judicial norms. The point these two inquiries have in common i the update of two forms of sexual consent: statuary and situation.Throughout this research, the facts were analyzed from different angles: the social-juridical treatment of ages status (minors vs of age and minors vs minors). The meaning given to the age of consent, and legal responsibility; the legal difficulties as regard to incest and finally gender discrepancies between victims and aggressors. ; On assiste dans les sociétés occidentales à une évolution importante de la reconnaissance, de la condamnation morale et de la répression judiciaire des violences sexuelles faites aux enfants et aux jeunes, en particulier filles mais aussi garçons. C'est dans ce cadre général que s'inscrit cette recherche. A partir de deux enquêtes, l'une de sociologie législative, l'autre de sociologie judiciaire, elle propose de mettre au jour la place cruciale accordée désormais à la référence à l'âge dans l'évolution des normes et représentations du permis et de l'interdit sexuels.La première enquête de sociologie historique et législative porte sur l'évolution du droit pénal français de la Révolution à aujourd'hui, et est centrée sur les mutations des catégories d'incrimination au fur et à mesure que le consentement (et non plus le statut matrimonial) devient le critère majeur séparant le permis et l'interdit. La seconde enquête de sociologie judiciaire a été menée au sein de deux tribunaux correctionnels et deux tribunaux pour enfants dans le sud de la France. Elle porte sur un corpus d'archives de 81 affaires jugées en 2010 pour délits sexuels sur des mineurs, et vise à éclairer la façon dont interviennent dans la qualification pénale des faits, non seulement les problèmes de preuve mais les changements de normes juridiques et sociales. Le point commun aux deux enquêtes est la mise au jour et l'exploration de deux formes de consentement sexuel : situationnel et statutaire.Tout au long de cette recherche sont analysés sous différents angles, le traitement sociojuridique des statuts d'âge (mineur/majeur et mineur/mineur), le sens accordé aux seuils d'âge (consentement, discernement), les embarras du droit face à l'inceste, et enfin les asymétries de genre tant du côté des victimes que des auteurs.

Under the provisions of Article 253 of Law No. 11 Year 2006 regarding Aceh Government insists on the transitional status of the Regional Office of the National Land Agency of Aceh and District Land Office / City into the device unit area of Aceh and district / city, which is limited to the budget end of 2008. However, the status of the new transition can be completed in the year 2015 with the issuance of Presidential Decree No. 23 Year 2015 on the transfer of the Regional Office of the National Land Agency of Aceh and District Land Office / City Land Agency Become Aceh and Aceh Land Office Regency / City. The problems that arise as a result of the enactment of legislation that is related to the authority of the President of the Regional Office of the National Land Agency of Aceh are still centralized, resulting in disharmony between the legal provisions of Law No. 11 of 2006 by Presidential Decree No. 23 Year 2015. The purpose of this paper is intended to examine the form of disharmony legal provisions of Article 253 of Law No. 11 Year 2006, which refers to Memorendum of Understanding (MoU). And, examine the impact of the authority of the National Land Agency of Aceh on the enforceability of Presidential Decree No. 23 Year 2015.

Some 50,000 Palestinian refugees live in Egypt without UN assistance or protection & burdened by many restrictive laws & regulations. Little is known about their plight & their unique status. Adapted from the source document.

Belligerent Forces — Organized Resistance Movement — Status of — Recognition by Government-in-Exile.536War — Enforcement of Laws of — Punishment of War Crimes — Defence of Superior Orders — Defence of Self-Preservation — Shooting of Prisoners — Traitors

This research report has been published as part of the EU Horizon 2020 VULNER research project (www.vulner.eu). The VULNER research project is an international research initiative, the objective of which is to reach a more profound understanding of the experiences of vulnerabilities of migrants applying for asylum and other humanitarian protection statuses, and how they could best be addressed. It therefore makes use of a twofold analysis, which confronts the study of existing protection mechanisms towards vulnerable migrants (such as minors and victims of human trafficking), with the one of their own experiences on the ground. This research report presents some of the intermediate research results of the VULNER project, based on the first phase of the project, which consisted of mapping out the vulnerability assessment mechanisms developed by state authorities in Norway, including how they are implemented on the ground through the practices of the public servants in charge. The following research questions are addressed: What do the relevant domestic legislation, case-law, policy documents, and administrative guidelines reveal about how "vulnerabilities" are being assessed and addressed in the countries under study? Do the relevant state and/or aid agencies have a legal duty to assess migrants' vulnerabilities, and if yes, using which procedures, when and how? Following which legal and bureaucratic criteria? How do decision-makers (street-level bureaucrats) understand and perceive the 'vulnerabilities' of the migrants they meet on a daily basis? How do they address these 'vulnerabilities' through their everyday practices? What is their stance on existing legal requirements towards 'vulnerable' migrants? Which loopholes do they identify? To that end, the objective of the legal enquiry was to analyse and reflect upon how 'vulnerability' is being developed as a legal and bureaucratic concept in the Norwegian regulations. Legal sources include national laws and regulations related to immigration and welfare ...

While international labor migration is an important sector of the Indonesian economy, a significant number of migrant domestic workers are still facing issues such as exploitation and the lack of legal protection. However, another problem arose in early 2018 when Malaysia implemented the Direct Hiring Policy, namely the Maid Online System (SMO), which allows an employer to hire a migrant domestic worker without going through an agency. The Indonesian government expressed their opposition to the policy since it contradicted Indonesian laws and regulations that protect migrant domestic workers. This policy raises the vulnerability of Indonesian Migrant Domestic Workers towards the violation of their rights and wellbeing as there is no oversight by the partner agency. This article is based on normative legal research, done by reviewing laws and regulations that apply to this specific legal issue. In conducting this research, authors used secondary data obtained from official reports and news portals, legal journals, and related regulations to analyze Indonesian laws and regulations that do not correspond to the Direct Hiring Policy, Indonesian's stance regarding this, as well as the risks and impact of the policy for both countries.

Foreword / Hazel Thornton -- People v. Erik Galen Menendez : a summary of the case -- Chronology of events -- Trial participants -- People v. Erik Galen Menendez : the diary of juror 9 -- Jury selection, June 28-July 19, 1993 -- Opening statements, July 20, 1993 -- The prosecution's case, July 20-August 16, 1993 -- The defense's case, August 16-November 18, 1993 -- Rebuttal phase, November 19-December 3, 1993 -- Closing arguments, December 6-15, 1993 -- Deliberations, December 15, 1993-January 13, 1994 -- Post-trial, January 13-16, 1994 -- Psychological commentary on the diary / Lawrence S. Wrightsman and Amy J. Posey -- Legal commentary on the diary / Alan W. Scheflin

IN THE PAST DECADES, THE CREATION OF NATION-STATES IN THE WEST ON THE BASIS OF MONO-MODELS HAS PERPETRATED THE MYTH THAT LANGUAGE CAN BE MAINTAINED ONLY BY GAINING EXCLUSIVE CONTROL OVER A SPECIFIC TERRITORIAL NICHE. LAWS HAVE BEEN FORMULATED ON THE BASIS OF LIMITED EXPERIENCE AND INAPPROPRIATE INTERPRETATION OF WESTERN DATA. THIS PAPER SEEKS TO UNMASK THE FAULTY ARGUMENTS UNDERLYING SUCH A JUXTAPOSITION OF GEOGRAPHY AND POLITICS.

Apartheid in South Africa was formally discarded by the first free election in 1994. Prior to 1994, discrimination in the labour market was embodied in a number of policies (pass laws, occupational colour barring etc.). While such polices have been eliminated by the ANC government, it is likely that the eradication of racial wage discrimination altogether will be a lengthy process.

The article is devoted to legal acts on combating corruption. The author gives a classification and review of these legal acts. The article analyzes not only legal acts specifically aimed at preventing corruption, but also other legal acts and a wide range of measures that create the necessary conditions and a favorable environment in this regard. The author emphasizes that it is important to keep in mind that corruption cannot be minimized or eradicated only by improving legal laws.

Implementation of rule of law in Indonesia takes the consequences to establishing the state administrative court. The state administrative court as a legal institution is a manifestation check and balance principle. So that the government does not commit arbitrary action or does not abuse of their power. Administrative court is a place to assess if there are acts of state administrative bodies / officers are not based on the laws and regulations of general principles of good governance or even harm the community. As a respected judicial institution (state administrative court), the decision of the state administrative court must be respected and implemented by each party. In practice, however, there are a number of non-compliance committed by state administrative bodies / officials. They are opposed to carrying out the decision of the state administrative court despite having a legally binding verdict. Therefore, this writing tries to comprehensively discuss the causes of non-compliance by state agencies or administrators. Furthermore, this study also discusses the legal implications that occur if the state administrative agency / official still ignores the court's decision according to the prevailing laws and regulations. The next study discusses the relationship between central government and local government in the framework of regional autonomy is associated with non-compliance that occurred. For as it is known that the President as head of government holds full power to run the government and ensure all policies implemented by the local government even more so in the concept of a unitary state. ; Penerapan prinsip negara hukum di Indonesia memberikan konsekuensi lahirnya pengadilan tata usaha negara. Pengadilan tata usaha negara sebagai pranata hukum adalah wujud pelaksanaan prinsip saling mengimbangi dan saling mengawasi agar pemerintah tidak melakukan tindakan yang sewenang-wenang. Sebagai lembaga peradilan yang dihormati maka seharusnya putusan pengadilan tata usaha negara wajib dihormati dan dilaksanakan oleh masing-masing pihak. Namun dalam praktiknya terjadi ketidakpatuhan yang dilakukan oleh badan/pejabat tata usaha negara. Mereka menentang untuk melaksanakan putusan pengadilan tata usaha negara meskipun telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap dan mengikat. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini membahas secara komprehensif mengenai penyebab ketidakpatuhan yang dilakukan oleh badan atau pejabat tata usaha negara. Berikutnya juga membahas mengenai implikasi hukum yang terjadi apabila badan/pejabat tata usaha negara tetap mengabaikan putusan pengadilan tersebut menurut peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Lebih lanjut tulisan ini mengulas mengenai hubungan pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah dalam kerangka otonomi daerah dikaitkan dengan ketidakpatuhan yang terjadi. Diketahui bahwa Presiden sebagai kepala pemerintahan memegang kekuasaan penuh untuk menjalankan pemerintahan dan memastikan seluruh kebijakannya dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah daerah terlebih lagi dalam konsep negara kesatuan.

2 p. handwritten draft statement of University of Oregon Robert D. Clark regarding the student sit-in at Johnson Hall.

In Turkey, no studies have been conducted on the listing of the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) problems of legal and illegal migrant workers, especially of Syrian origin, in the order of importance and the need to address solution suggestions according to this order. This study aims to list the OHS problems of migrants, refugees, asylum-seekers, migrants under international protection, and irregular migrants employed in the production and service sectors in the order of importance and show their e ect on solutions. The 40-item list of problems created by performing the literature review was weighted with the expert opinions of stakeholders related to migrants in Turkey, namely, universities, migrant NGOs, Syrian academicians, government units, migrant workers, and OHS specialists, and checked using Pareto analysis. In the table created by experts through the evaluation and weighting of the problems obtained from the literature review, the first eight questions (20%) constituted 79%, the next 12 questions (30%) constituted 16%, and the last 20 questions (50%) constituted 5%. When the first eight problems are analyzed, it is observed that the OSH problems of migrants are caused by the laws that are not enacted, the fact that the state institutions ignore migrant workers, and that migrant workers are completely vulnerable to OSH risks. Afterward, the same expert team was asked about solution proposals within the scope of the existing problems, and they were put in the order of importance via Pareto analysis. In Turkey, there is no law or legislation regarding OHS legislation for migrant workers. Migrant workers experience serious security and health problems. The state especially ignores illegal migrant workers. Illegal migrant workers are deprived of their security rights and the right to access health care. It is observed that 80% of the migrant workers' problems will be resolved when the most important eight problems identified are resolved.