Trees in general, and olive and pine trees in particular, perform a pivotal role in the Zionist and the Palestinian national narratives. This article reveals the complex historical and cultural processes that have led to the strong identification between the olive tree and the Palestinian people, arguing that this identification is not only a reflection of the olive's unique economic and cultural status in this region but also an act of resistance to Israel's occupation. The article also explains how Israel's tightening of surveillance, practiced in the name of olive protection, actually ends up forcing an alien set of spatial and temporal regimes on the everyday life of Palestinians in the occupied West Bank. In this sense, the project of resistance performed by Palestinians through the rooting of the olive into the land has become yet another means for Israeli domination.
The civil state configures the existence of rights and obligations between spouses, permanent companions, parents and children. In the following lines it will be possible to appreciate in a brief way how the civil status of permanent partner has been recognized by jurisprudential way in Colombia and all this based on the existing legal budgets; as well as elucidating the Spanish legislation and doctrine in order to demonstrate that there is no limitation to proceed with the comprehensive regulation of unions of stable partners and clear is for the recognition of such unions as marital status ; El estado civil configura la existencia de derechos y obligaciones entre cónyuges, compañeros permanentes, padres e hijos. En las siguientes líneas se podrá apreciar de manera breve cómo ha sido reconocido el estado civil de compañero permanente por vía jurisprudencial en Colombia y todo ello basado en los presupuestos legales existentes; así como también se alcanza a dilucidar la normativa y doctrina española a efectos de demostrar que no existe un limitante para que se proceda con la regulación integral de las uniones de pareja estable y claro está para el reconocimiento de dichas uniones como estado civil. ; O estado civil configura a existência de direitos e obrigações entre cônjuges, companheiros permanentes, pais e filhos. Nas seguintes linhas, será possível apreciar de forma breve como o status civil do parceiro permanente foi reconhecido pela via jurisprudencial na Colômbia e tudo isso com base nos orçamentos legais existentes; bem como, é possível elucidar a legislação e doutrina espanhola para demonstrar que não há limitação para prosseguir com a regulamentação integral das uniões de casal estável e claro, para o reconhecimento de ditas uniões como estado civil
The civil state configures the existence of rights and obligations between spouses, permanent companions, parents and children. In the following lines it will be possible to appreciate in a brief way how the civil status of permanent partner has been recognized by jurisprudential way in Colombia and all this based on the existing legal budgets; as well as elucidating the Spanish legislation and doctrine in order to demonstrate that there is no limitation to proceed with the comprehensive regulation of unions of stable partners and clear is for the recognition of such unions as marital status ; El estado civil configura la existencia de derechos y obligaciones entre cónyuges, compañeros permanentes, padres e hijos. En las siguientes líneas se podrá apreciar de manera breve cómo ha sido reconocido el estado civil de compañero permanente por vía jurisprudencial en Colombia y todo ello basado en los presupuestos legales existentes; así como también se alcanza a dilucidar la normativa y doctrina española a efectos de demostrar que no existe un limitante para que se proceda con la regulación integral de las uniones de pareja estable y claro está para el reconocimiento de dichas uniones como estado civil. ; O estado civil configura a existência de direitos e obrigações entre cônjuges, companheiros permanentes, pais e filhos. Nas seguintes linhas, será possível apreciar de forma breve como o status civil do parceiro permanente foi reconhecido pela via jurisprudencial na Colômbia e tudo isso com base nos orçamentos legais existentes; bem como, é possível elucidar a legislação e doutrina espanhola para demonstrar que não há limitação para prosseguir com a regulamentação integral das uniões de casal estável e claro, para o reconhecimento de ditas uniões como estado civil
Empowerment of women is important for decision making in relation to health seeking, family planning, nutrition and economic issues not only for her but also for the family. Women's empowerment in India is heavily dependent on many different variables which include geographical location (urban/rural), educational status, social status (caste and class) and age. Policies on empowerment of women exist at national, state and local (panchayat) levels. Still women face differentiation in many sectors like health, education, economic opportunities and political participation which shows that there are significant gaps between policy advancements and actual practice at the community level. This paper reveals current status of women empowerment indicators in India. It focuses on various laws and policies framed for women empowerment for women. The reasons for discrimination of women in society are given despite adequate laws for protection of their rights. The study is concluded by making appropriate recommendations to ameliorate the status of women. Framing and implementation of sound policy framework, education and disseminating social awareness regarding empowerment of women can lead to achieve the desired goals in removing the plight of women in Indian society.
Preface. - Table of Cases -- Table of Legal Instruments -- List of Tables -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- The Protection of Cultural Property in Armed Conflict -- The Restitution of Cultural Property -- Protection of World Heritage -- The Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage -- The Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage -- Conclusion -- References.
Despite valiant endeavours by feminist, critical race, and Queer scholars to transform the legal culture, the transformative project has been limited because of the power of corporatism, a phenomenon deemed marginal to the currently fashionable micropolitical sites of critical scholarship. However, liberal, as well as postmodern scholarship, has largely preferred to ignore the ramifications of the "new economy," which includes a marked political shift to the right, the contraction of the public sphere, the privatization of public goods, globalization, and a preoccupation with efficiency, economic rationalism, and profits. I argue that technical reasoning, or "technocentrism," has enabled corporatism to evade scrutiny. I explore the meaning of "technocentrism," with particular regard to legal education. Because corporate power does not operate from a unitary site, but is diffused, I show how it impacts upon legal education from multiple sites, from outside as well as inside the legal academy in a concerted endeavour to maintain the status quo.
The article analyzes the legal framework and theo-retical approaches to the consideration of the legal cat-egory "local issues". It is established that the most im-portant direction of improvement of the system of local self-government in Ukraine should be a clear theoretical and legal substantiation of the legal category of "local importance", which takes into account the constitution-al principle of "autonomy of resolving issues of local importance to the population" and eliminates the possi-bility of incorrect identification and ineffective imple-mentation of local authorities. It is proved that the in-terrelation of theoretical problems of interpretation of legal category "issues of local importance" and powers of local self-government bodies creates practical diffi-culties for effective mechanisms of public participation in the development of important management decisions by local self-government bodies, in particular on issues of determining the strategy of territorial community development, approval communities, etc. It is proposed to define "issues of local importance" as a share of pub-lic affairs, the implementation of which is aimed at di-rectly ensuring the life of the population in the territory of the respective territorial community and within the specified territory, executed by the population directly and (or) through elected and other local self-government bodies. Conclusions have been made about the possibility of applying a number of theoretical approaches to un-derstanding issues of local importance as a component of the institution of local self-government. As a result, this will enable the main task of municipal reform to be implemented more effectively and systematically – to determine the issues of local importance, on the content of which depends directly on the livelihood of the pop-ulation of the territorial community, the content of ac-tivities of local self-government bodies, the composition of communal property, the amount of expenditures from local budgets, sources of local revenues. budgets. ; У статті аналізуються нормативно-правові основи і теоретичні підходи до розгляду юридичної ка-тегорії «питання місцевого значення». Встановлено, що найважливішим напрямом удосконалення системи місцевого самоврядування в Україні має бути чітке те-оретико-правове обґрунтування юридичної категорії «питання місцевого значення», що враховує конститу-ційний принцип самостійності вирішення населенням питань місцевого значення та виключає можливість некоректного визначення і неефективної реалізації повноважень органів місцевого самоврядування. Дове-дено, що взаємозв'язок теоретичних проблем тракту-вання юридичної категорії «питання місцевого значен-ня» і повноважень органів місцевого самоврядування створює практичні труднощі для ефективних меха-нізмів участі громадськості у виробленні органами місцевого самоврядування важливих управлінських рішень, зокрема і з питань визначення стратегії роз-витку територіальної громади, затвердження статутів територіальних громад тощо. Запропоновано визначи-ти питання місцевого значення як частину публічних справ, здійснення яких спрямоване на безпосереднє забезпечення життєдіяльності населення на терито-рії відповідної територіальної громади. Ці справи ма-ють виконуватися населенням безпосередньо і (або) через виборні та інші органи місцевого самоврядуван-ня. Зроблено висновки про можливість застосування низки теоретичних підходів до осмислення питань міс-цевого значення як складової частини інституту міс-цевого самоврядування. Це надасть можливість більш ефективно та системно реалізувати головне завдання муніципальної реформи – визначення питань місце-вого значення, від змісту яких залежить безпосереднє забезпечення життєдіяльності населення територіаль-ної громади, зміст діяльності органів місцевого само-врядування, склад комунальної власності, обсяг видат-ків з місцевих бюджетів, джерела доходів місцевих бюджетів.
В практике нормативного регулирования статуса некоторых участников уголовного процесса отмечен ряд необычных ситуаций, в которых пробелы законодательного регулирования восполняются путем наделения участника процесса с одним статусом отдельными элементами статуса другого участника процесса. Это новый инструмент правового регулирования -введение внестатусного статуса отдельных участников уголовного процесса. Обозначены причины возникновения внеста-тусных ситуаций и перспективы их дальнейшего развития. ; The legal status is determined by the function of the participant of criminal proceedings and cannot violate its borders. The article notes a number of situations in the practice of legal regulation of the status of some participants in criminal proceedings where the legal regulation gaps are filled by giving elements of the status of one participant to another participant. So, the legislator transfers the rights of the suspect, the accused (defendant) to his close relatives at the termination of a criminal case due to the death of the accused, the suspect to protect their legitimate interests. Part 8. Art. 42 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation establishes a similar provision to the deceased victim. Moreover, when persons who are not suspects, the accused or civil defendants in a criminal case, but owners of arrested property, have no sufficient rights to protect their legitimate interests, the legislator gives the owners procedural rights to protect property rights against unwarranted or excessively long limitations. Finally, the authors define the third situation of legal regulation of the participant's status, when the accused in a criminal case, allocated in a separate proceeding in connection with the pre-trial cooperation agreement, participates in criminal proceedings, and is not the defendant (accused) in the main criminal case and, at the same time, this person has an obligation to report information exposing other participants in the offense, but s/he is not a witness. The legislator does not apply to the accused the requirements of Articles 307 and 308 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation about criminal responsibility for the refusal of testimony and perjury and, appropriately, the rules of the Code of Criminal Procedure of Russian Federation during questioning at the court hearing in a criminal case allocated in separate proceedings in connection with the pre-trial cooperation agreement. The participant of criminal proceedings with one status (or without it) obtains elements of the status of another participant of criminal proceedings in the above situations. It indicates the emergence of a new instrument of legal regulation. It is the determination of the specific status of several participants in criminal proceedings. The specificity means going beyond the status usually determined in accordance with the functions of the participant in criminal proceedings. The article notes the causes of the emergence of the specific status and prospects for its further development.
In article on the basis of the analysis of legal definitions of separate participants of criminal legal proceedings from charge and separate kinds of criminally-remedial activity features of the remedial status and essence of remedial powers of the chief of division of inquiry are opened. Recommendations about correct interpretation criminally-legal procedure, defining the remedial status and powers of the chief of division of inquiry are developed. Offers on perfection of the criminally-remedial legislation are made. ; In article on the basis of the analysis of legal definitions of separate participants of criminal legal proceedings from charge and separate kinds of criminally-remedial activity features of the remedial status and essence of remedial powers of the chief of division of inquiry are opened. Recommendations about correct interpretation criminally-legal procedure, defining the remedial status and powers of the chief of division of inquiry are developed. Offers on perfection of the criminally-remedial legislation are made.
Freedom of information is guaranteed by the Constitution, not only in Albania, but even beyond. Even though it constantly remains a controversial issue. Media, mainly their employees in general, for various reasons do not go to the end of their requests. The pressure on the journalist is increasing every day from politics, media owners, advertisers etc. This paper will examine three major dimensions related to the freedom and status of journalists in the Albanian media, with the accompanying duality between the exercise of professional standards and external pressures. Firstly, the paper will shed light on the importance of the status of journalists. The main problems faced by Albanian journalists is an unregulated media market. Secondly, the paper will assess the main sources affecting the freedom of practicing journalism. Thirdly, depending on the above conditions, the study will analyze the economic dependence (condition) of Albanian journalists and its consequences. At the end of the study, based on cause- effect analysis, it is aimed to find the main problems dealing with the community of Albanian journalists.
Activity-geospatial approach forms methodological basis of the concept of geospatial self-organization of a society as new theoretical paradigm of societal geography (SG) with next main principles: a) Self-organization of society and its key subsystems (economical, social, political, spiritual) in specifically localised natural and societal qualities of geospace (Earth's surface space) forms the process of geospatial self-organization of a society and its results - geospatial interests, processes, systems, structures as societal-geospatial phenomena of different scale (global, regional, local, etc.). So societal processes acquire specific geospatial shapes that combine a geospatial (geographic) picture of societal development; b) 'societal-geospaitial relation' is an abstract expression of the content of this picture and forms main theoretical principle of SG; c) geospatial self-organization of a society with different forms of societal-geospatial relations (geoeconomical, geopolitical, geosocial, geospiritual and integrative) is the subject of SG and its different branches. From this perspective, the regional self-organization of society is the subject of regional SG, and a region is a societal-geospatial system, geospatial community of subjects which have the functional unity - economic, social, political, spiritual or integral. This system is the result of the regionalization process: self-organization of society in a particular part of geospace. It depends on specific historical factors, qualities of geospace, geographical position. Factors of regionalization are the processes, which complicate the geospace and creates regions of appropriate type: a) functional - geopolitical, geo-economic, geo-social, geo-spiritual (religious, ethnic, cultural, etc.), b) integral (combine multiple functions) - geoformational (by types of societies - pre-capitalist, capitalist, socialist, etc.), geocivilizational (by civilizational differences), etc., c) processes of integration (globalization, uniting of countries and the administrative units within them, etc.) and disintegration (colonial division of the world, the collapse of the USSR, etc.). On geospatial scale regions can be classified into macro- (Eastern Europe, Central Asia, international regional organizations), meso- (federal districts and subjectes of the Federation in Russia, economical and political regions of countries) and micro- ('euro-regions', administrative districts, communes, etc.). By type regionalization processes and regions are divided into international and internal (with subspecies: functional and integral). Internal regionalization acts as territorial differentiation of political, social, economic and spiritual (cultural, etc.) development of society. By organizational forms of regionalization (depending on the degree of administrative function and legal status) it is possible to define regions as 'de-facto' (historically formed civilizations, ethnocultural regions, etc.) and regions 'de-jure' (administrative units, international regional organizations, etc.).
Summary: this revision article deals with practices around the literality of law training in some Latin American universities. To this end, the way in which different theoretical and conceptual perspectives have been used to talk about textual understanding and production in the legal field, in higher education institutions, was reviewed until the end of literature. An analysis was carried out of the articles published in 2007-2017 in Latin American magazines, relating to reading and writing processes in the legal field, both in training and in the world of work. The results showed that literality practices have focused on the repetition, conceptual and textual ownership of discursive genders, the adaptation of texts to the diverse realities of the partners and the importance of intertextuality in the textual construction of legal arguments. ; Resumen: este artículo de revisión aborda las prácticas alrededor de la literacidad propias de la formación del campo del Derecho, en algunas universidades latinoamericanas. Para ello, se revisó la forma como se han empleado diferentes perspectivas teóricas y conceptuales para hablar de la comprensión y la producción textual en el ámbito jurídico, en instituciones de educación superior, hasta llegar al término literacidad. Se realizó un análisis de los artículos publicados en 2007-2017 en revistas latinoamericanas, relacionados con procesos de lectura y escritura en el ámbito jurídico, tanto en la formación como en el mundo laboral. Los resultados mostraron que las prácticas de literacidad se han centrado en la repetición, la apropiación conceptual y textual de los géneros discursivos, la adaptación de los textos a las realidades diversas de los interlocutores y la relevancia de la intertextualidad en la construcción discursiva de la argumentación jurídica.
This article is devoted to the consideration of land disputes between oil companies and reindeer-herding communities. This research analyzes the legal framework within which the participants of conflict act, with particular reference to legal anthropology. Most of the focus is not so much on formal laws as on the way in which they are understood and interpreted by the participants in relations. It is shown that various groups are guided by different laws and regulations, determining for themselves their priority over others. Emphasis is placed on the role of custom and the way in which it influences the appeal of locals to the state legal system. Starting from the specificity of legal environment, this article explains the use by the participants of conflicts of various strategies to settle them.
The provisions of Article 29 of Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health states that, in the event that a health worker is suspected of negligence in carrying out his profession, the negligence must be resolved first through mediation. The explanation of the article states that, Mediation is carried out when a dispute arises between health workers providing health services and patients as recipients of health services. Mediation is carried out with the aim of resolving disputes out of court by a mediator agreed by the parties. This type of research is normative juridical. Normative law research uses normative case studies in the form of products of legal behavior, for example reviewing laws. Based on the research, it can be concluded that mediation efforts to resolve media disputes outside the court are more flexible regarding the time and place of implementation. and is considered capable of maintaining the confidentiality of the disputing parties. The peace agreement resulting from mediation of medical disputes outside the court which has been determined by the Court as a deed of peace (acte van dading) has the same power as a court decision which has permanent legal force (incracht van gewijsde), so it has binding and final force (final and binding). ), perfect evidentiary power as well as executorial power.
[2], 25 p. ; An epitome, arranged alphabetically under subject headings, of the Liber albus, a collection of laws and customs relating to London, compiled by John Carpenter in 1419. ; Reproduction of original in Huntington Library and Thomason Collection, British Library.
