Suchergebnisse

The German commonwealth is a federation of states, each operating under its own constitution and laws; though subject to the national constitution, which is the fundamental law of the commonwealth, and to other national laws and ordinances. Hence the general problem of judicial review over legislative acts, in so far as it relates to the central government, includes (a) the question of the right of judicial review of state constitutional provisions or state laws and ordinances, when in conflict with the national constitution, laws, or ordinances, and (b) the question of the right of judicial review in respect to national laws, as against the national constitution.

While the Appalachian National Park Association was successful in gaining support from southern states to purchase land for a park or forest reserve, in order to do so, each state had to cede its authority to the federal government to acquire title to such lands. In January 1901, North Carolina passed a bill giving Congress that authority. By April 1901, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, and Virginia followed suit.

While the Appalachian National Park Association was successful in gaining support from southern states to purchase land for a park or forest reserve, in order to do so, each state had to cede its authority to the federal government to acquire title to such lands. In January 1901, North Carolina passed a bill giving Congress that authority. By April 1901, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, and Virginia followed suit.

In recent years there has been an interesting and very remarkable extension of judicial control over the acts of the administrative authorities in France. The doctrine of recourse in annulment for excess of power, in particular, has undergone such an extraordinary development that it is probably safe to say that there is now no other country where private rights are better protected against arbitrary and illegal acts of public officers. It is an interesting fact also that this protection has not been created by legislation but is mainly the work of the council of state, and, to a less degree, of the court of cassation, the two supreme judicial tribunals of France.The solicitude which the council of state, especially, has shown for the protection of individual rights and the independence which it has exhibited as over against the government by whom the councillors of state are appointed and by whom they may be removed at pleasure is a sufficient answer to the criticism of those English and American writers who assert that the French administrative courts are the docile and servile instruments of the government, and that in controversies between the administration and private individuals their decisions are generally in favor of the administration.

While the Appalachian National Park Association was successful in gaining support from the southern states to purchase land for a park or forest reserve, in order to do so, each state had to cede its authority to the federal government to acquire title to such lands. In January 1901, North Carolina passed a bill giving Congress that authority; before the end of the month, South Carolina passed a similar bill. By April 1901, Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, and Virginia followed suit.

The article is devoted to Slavization of business writing in the Peter the Great period. The focus is on legislative acts of the first decades of the 18 th century. Their language testifies that bookish-Slavic elements penetrated into it rather early. It is proved that the process under study took place in stages and began with documents that serviced international relations. In that kind of writings, literary means were actively used as early as in the first years of the century. The decrees related to the activities of the Patriarchal and Monastic prikazes reveal the use of bookish-Slavic lexical and syntactic means approximately in the same period. The research establishes the causal relationship between the early fixation of Slavonisms with the linguistic experience accumulated in those fields of activity during the previous period. In the language of legislative acts aimed at solving domestic problems, literary means were used more intensively at the end of the first – at the first half of the second decade of the 18 th century. The article emphasises that it was a certain stage of developing new linguistic and stylistic means in the normative legal and administrative documents. Also, it is highlighted that their composition was arranged either according to the standard word usage of prikazes or to the word usage in international documents. It was primarily due to the subject content of the documents and the communicative and pragmatic attitudes of their drafters.