Suchergebnisse

Article 34 of the European Convention on Human Rights prescribes that individual applications must be directed against one of the Convention States. Consequently, private actors involved in proceedings against other private actors before domestic courts must complain about State (in)action in their application to the European Court of Human Rights. In other words, originally 'horizontal' conflicts must be 'verticalised' in order to be admissible. Although such verticalised cases make up a large portion of the Court's case law, the particular nature of these cases, as well as procedural issues that may arise in them, has not received much attention. To fill this gap, this book offers a detailed examination of verticalised cases coming before the Court. The characteristics of and the Court's approach to verticalised cases are explored by means of an in-depth analysis of four types of verticalised cases (cases related to one's surroundings; cases involving a conflict between the right to reputation and private life and the right to freedom of expression; family life cases; and employer-employee cases). On the basis of this analysis, it is argued that the Court's current approach to verticalised cases poses problems for private actors, Convention States and the Court itself. In presenting recommendations for the resolution of these problems, the book concludes with a proposal for a new approach to verticalised cases, consisting of a redesigned third-party intervention procedure.

Polazeći od pretpostavke da je rješenje političkog, pravnog, kulturnog i društvenog položaja manjina u nekom društvu mjerilo demokratizacije i modernizacije tog društva, odnos prema migrantima mjerilo je stupnja svijesti o tome da poštivanje univerzalnih ljudskih prava, određenih u dokumentima UN-a, podrazumijeva i pravo migranata na razvoj i na to da ne žive u siromaštvu. Ženevska konvencija (1951.), koja se odnosi na status izbjeglica, izmijenjena Protokolom iz New Yorka (1967.), bila je osnova za razvoj zajedničke azilantske politike Europske unije. Od 1999. godine EU je počela stvarati tu politiku, što je rezultiralo Dublinskom regulativom (2013.). U 2015. godini više od milijun izbjeglica s Bliskog istoka i iz Sjeverne Afrike došlo je u Europu, iz dva razloga, prvo, da sačuvaju živote uslijed ratnih sukoba u svojim zemljama i drugo, da pronađu političku i ekonomsku sigurnost, prvenstveno u Njemačkoj i skandinavskim zemljama. Način na koji su države članice EU nastojale da europski odgovor na migrantsku krizu bude u skladu sa međunarodnim i pravom EU, posebno (ne)prihvaćanje sustava kvota – preraspodjele migranata u državama članicama, zatvaranje tzv. Balkanske rute, koja je izbjeglice vodila od Turske, preko Grčke, Makedonije i Srbije ka zemalja članicama EU, njihovo kolektivno vraćanje, zbog čega su balkanske zemlje u strahu da će postati tampon zona, a izbjeglice da će ostati blokirane na Balkanu, otvorio je pitanje poštivanja ljudskih prava i revizije azilantske politike EU. Zato se javila i potreba stvaranja novog područja međunarodne zaštite prava migranata, posebno prava na rad i razvoj, čime se bavi ovaj znanstveno-istraživački rad. ; Starting from the premise that the political, legal, cultural and social status of minorities may be used to measure the degree of democracy and modernization reached by a particular society, attitudes towards immigrants may be used to measure the degree of awareness indicating that respect for universal human rights recognized in relevant United Nations documents, including the right to development and living above the poverty. The Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (Geneva, 1951) and its Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees (New York, 1967) underpin the creation of a Common European Asylum System (CEAS). Since 1999, the EU has been working to create a CEAS, resulting in common rules laid down in the Dublin Regulation (2013). In 2015, more than a million refugees fled their Middle Eastern and North African homelands and came to Europe for two reasons. Firstly, they were literally running to save their lives, and secondly, they were fleeing in search for a secure livelihood and political stability (primarily, to Germany and the Scandinavian countries). The way in which EU Member States sought to ensure compliance with international and EU legislation in their response to the refugee crisis, in particular by: (not)accepting the proposed quota system – distribution of migrants across EU member states, closing the gates along the so-called Western Balkan Route, the main transit route for migrants heading towards EU member states from Turkey, via Greece, Macedonia and Serbia, and their collective return, which caused Balkan countries fear of becoming buffer zone for refugees and the refugees fear of being trapped in the Balkans, raised the issue of human rights and revision of the European Asylum Policy. Therefore, there is a need to create a new segment of international protection of the rights of migrants, in particular the right to work and development, which is a subject that is dealt with in this research paper.

In this article I will examine the powers and activities of NATO-led Kosovo forces (KFOR) and their impact on human rights protection in Kosovo. Through this examination, I seek to answer the following questions: which KFOR actions affected the human rights of Kosovars? Does KFOR carry out responsibilities and abide by the obligations normally imposed upon nation-states? And is there a solution available when the alleged violator is KFOR? KFOR is responsible for carrying out military tasks and for 'shouldering' UNMIK and local security forces in some civilian peace-building tasks. In the course of the exercise of its mandate, there were alleged complaints of human rights violations by KFOR. The legal implications of these alleged complaints against KFOR (in)actions will also be discussed. ; In this article I will examine the powers and activities of NATO-led Kosovo forces (KFOR) and their impact on human rights protection in Kosovo. Through this examination, I seek to answer the following questions: which KFOR actions affected the human rights of Kosovars? Does KFOR carry out responsibilities and abide by the obligations normally imposed upon nation-states? And is there a solution available when the alleged violator is KFOR? KFOR is responsible for carrying out military tasks and for 'shouldering' UNMIK and local security forces in some civilian peace-building tasks. In the course of the exercise of its mandate, there were alleged complaints of human rights violations by KFOR. The legal implications of these alleged complaints against KFOR (in)actions will also be discussed.

U povijesnoj osnovi europskih integracija, kao i u fazi pristupanja svake nove članice, leži nada u bolje sutra, u gospodarski napredak države i pojedinca. U radu se istražuje u kojoj je mjeri siromaštvo poticaj migriranju radne snage u potrazi za kvalitetnijom i sigurnijom egzistencijom unutar EU-a. Materijalna dobra osobe, obitelji i države pretpostavka su ostvarenja ljudskih prava. U radu se istražuju podatci Eurostata o stanju u RH nakon petogodišnjeg članstva u EU-u. Budući da su migracije radne snage potaknute materijalnom oskudicom, na razini Europske unije neizbježno dolazi do relociranih obitelji, ali i imovine. Zbog nade u povratak i obiteljskih veza koje se održavaju ovisno o tradiciji i osjećaju pripadnosti nacionalnom identitetu, nesumnjivo dolazi do usporednih bračno-imovinskih ili partnerskih režima. Uredbama EU-a iz 2016. godine uspostavlja se mehanizam pojačane suradnje u imovinskim učincima braka i registriranih partnerstava. Istražuju se uzroci i nastoje se predvidjeti posljedice sve brojnijih transnacionalno relociranih obitelji. ; The history of European integrations, as well as the accession of each new member state, is based on the hope for a better future, the economic progress of the state and the individual. The paper examines the impact of poverty on labor migration. Citizens of the EU member states are in permanent search for a better quality of life and more secure existence within the EU borders. The material goods of a person, family, and state are a prerequisite for the realization of human rights.The paper compares EUROSTAT data after five years of Croatian membership in the EU. Migrations of labour within the EU caused by economic crisis inevitably result in relocated transnational families and their property . The hope of return to the home country and maintenance of family ties, which depends on tradition and sense of national identity inevitably leads to parallel matrimonial or registered partnership property regimes. The 2016 EU Regulations establish a mechanism authorizing ...

This study seeks to shed light on the prohibition of abuse of rights in Article 17 ECHR in order to contribute to a more coherent interpretation of this provision. To that aim it studies the abuse clause from different perspectives. First, it looks at the historical background of the provision to examine what motivated the drafters to include this prohibition. Then it moves on to the case law of the European Commission of Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights and to legal doctrine, revealing the difficulties and inconsistencies in the current interpretation of the abuse clause. Next, it analyses the interpretation of prohibitions of abuse in other human rights documents to see whether parallels can be drawn with the interpretation of Article 17 ECHR. Subsequently, it addresses the concepts of "abuse of rights" and "militant democracy" and examines the extent to which they offer a framework for understanding the abuse clause. Based on the insights obtained from these different perspectives, this study puts forward a proposal as to how Article 17 ECHR can best be applied in the future

"Finance and human rights may be an unusual combination for a book theme, considering the apparent distance between both worlds. But appearances are deceiving: human rights law does impact the financial world, albeit in an indirect way. Just think about governmental measures such as financial embargoes, the regulation of the vulture funds or the many privacy rules with which financial institutions have to cope in their daily activities. Financial institutions are also confronted with the societal changes and new priorities which drive them to undertake their business in a more human rights-compliant way. This book attempts to provide a synthesis of the growing impact of human rights law on the financial world."--Editors

Ostvarivanje ljudskih prava u starosti znači prije svega skrb za kvalitetu života osoba oboljelih od Alzheimerove bolesti i sprječavanje diskriminacije na osnovi starosti i bolesti. U ovome radu analiziramo najkvalitetnije instrumente zaštite ljudskih prava oboljelih od Alzheimerove bolesti, a koji se temelje na načelima autonomije, samoodređenja i najboljeg interesa oboljele osobe. Takvi se zahtjevi najbolje mogu ostvariti u sustavima koji predviđaju više različitih modaliteta zaštite oboljelih od Alzheimerove bolesti. Pravni status skrbnika i odlučivanje o pravima, interesima i potrebama osoba oboljelih od Alzheimerove bolesti uz podršku, informirani pristanak oboljele osobe na medicinski tretman i/ili istraživanje o samoj bolesti kao i mogućnost sklapanja anticipirane naredbe instrumenti su zaštite njihovih ljudskih prava. Život osoba treće dobi reguliran je zakonskim mjerama i politikama koje nisu posebno okrenute njihovim potrebama, te u svojoj suštini krše temeljna ljudska prava, osobito kada je riječ o osobama oboljelima od Alzheimerove bolesti. Palijativna skrb jedna je od tih mjera koje treba smatrati temeljnim ljudskim pravom oboljelih od Alzheimerove bolesti. ; The management of human rights in old age primarily refers to providing care related to the quality of life of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease and preventing discrimination on the basis of age and illness. This paper analyses the best instruments for the protection of human rights of those suffering from Alzheimer's disease based on the principles of autonomy, self-determination, and the patient's best interests. Such requirements can best be met in systems providing several various forms of protection for people suffering from Alzheimer's disease. The legal status of caregivers and making decisions regarding the rights, interests, and needs of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease with the support, informed consent of the patient to medical treatment, and/or research of the disease itself, as well as the option of anticipated disposition, are all instruments for the protection of their human rights. The life of the elderly is regulated by legal measures and policies which are not directly focused on their needs and inherently violate basic human rights, especially in the case of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Palliative care is one of the measures which should be considered a basic human right of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease.

Autori u radu daju osvrt na postanak i razvitak stanarskog prava, te presjek domaćih pravnih propisa koji su se odnosili na stanarsko pravo, kao i propisa kojima je izvršena pretvorba stambenih odnosa. Pišu o značaju stupanja na snagu Zakona o najmu, kada je prestalo stanarsko pravo osobama koje su to pravo stekle prema ranijim propisima te su one po sili zakona postale najmoprimci (u pravilu, zaštićeni najmoprimci). Podsjećaju da pitanja vezana uz pretvorbu iz stanarskog prava u vlasništvo na stanovima te brojni sudski sporovi koji su proizašli iz te materije još uvijek nisu, niti stvarna niti sudska, prošlost. Autori navode stajališta i praksu Ustavnog suda Republike Hrvatske, te Europskog suda za ljudska prava (ESLJP). Posebno ističu presudu ESLJP-a Statileo protiv Hrvatske, u kojoj je Europski sud uvažio činjenicu da su hrvatske vlasti tijekom tranzicije bile suočene s teškim zadatkom stvaranja ravnoteže između prava najmodavaca i zaštićenih najmoprimaca koji su stanovali u stanovima dugo vremena, te je zaključio da u konkretnom slučaju nije postojala pravedna raspodjela socijalnog i financijskog tereta koji je nastao kao posljedica reforme u stambenom sektoru. Umjesto toga, prema ocjeni ESLJP-a, na podnositelja je stavljen nerazmjeran i pretjerani pojedinačni teret, budući da je morao snositi većinu socijalnih i financijskih troškova stambenog zbrinjavanja zaštićene najmoprimke i njezine obitelji, zbog čega je ESLJP utvrdio povredu članka 1. Protokola br. 1. ; The authors of this paper provide an overview of the creation and development of tenancy rights, and of the domestic legislation dealing with tenancy rights, as well as legislation that was used to reform tenancy relations. They mention the significance of the enactment of the Lease of Flats Act, when tenancy rights were withdrawn from persons who were entitled to that right pursuant to earlier legislation, and consequently, they became lessees (tenants) by force of law (generally, protected lessees). The authors recall that issues related to the transformation of tenancy rights into ownership of flats and to the numerous court cases that followed from this matter have not yet become either general, or court, history. The authors cite the positions and case law of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia, and of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). They stress in particular the ECtHR judgment Statileo v. Croatia, where the ECtHR took into consideration the fact that the Croatian authorities during the transition were faced with the difficult task of striking a balance between the right of the lessor and that of protected lessees who had lived in the flats for a long time, and concluded that in the given case there was no fair distribution of the social and financial burden resulting from the reform of the housing sector. Rather, the ECtHR held that a disproportionate and excessive individual burden was placed on the applicant as landlord, as he was required to bear most of the social and financial costs of providing housing for the protected lessee and her family, due to which the ECtHR found a violation of Article 1 of Protocol no. 1.