Suchergebnisse

In modern conditions of development of public relations complication of activity of law enforcement agencies is observed. This is due to new challenges in the law enforcement system, including the fight against high levels of the organization and the criminal professionalism of corrupt individuals. Because of this, it is challenging for operational units to identify specific facts of illegal actions with the help of operational and investigative measures. At the same time, the fight against crime by establishing high quantitative indicators of disclosure remains one of the principles of law enforcement in Ukraine, including sometimes deviating from those means established by law. Therefore, the problem of provoking bribery is relevant for scholars of the legislator and law enforcement. The object of the study is criminal liability for provoking bribery. The research methodology consists of such methods as the dialectical method, analytical method, historical method, method of analysis of legal documents, articles, and monographs, method of generalization, comparison, synthesis, and modeling method. The authors identified the features of such liability to clarify the problematic issues of qualification of provoking bribery, and to distinguish the distinctive features of prosecution from other types of crimes.

In this article we have studied the specific features of the liability of insolvency administrators for disciplinary offenses. The norms of the current legislation (in particular, the Bankruptcy Proceedings Code of Ukraine, the Tax Code of Ukraine, the Labor Code of Ukraine) regarding the determination of the legal status of insolvency officers and the specific features for bringing them to liability have been analysed in the article. The purpose of this research was to study problematic issues related to the liability of insolvency administrators. During the research general scientific methods, in particular dialectical, methods of analysis and synthesis, formal and legal, systematic approach have been used. It is concluded that disciplinary liability in the profession of insolvency officers in Ukraine is of mixed nature. It is partly civil, partly disciplinary and administrative liability -- in its essence -- and is not clearly regulated by the current legislation. Referring to the facts of bringing insolvency administrators to disciplinary liability even for a single offense has, on the one hand, elements of civil liability. On the other hand, disciplinary liability can also be imposed on insolvency administrators.

The article discusses the criminal responsibility for illegally organizing migration, using a comparative documentary-based methodology. Constant changes in public life suggest the need to improve states' criminal policy in the field of establishing responsibility for organizing illegal migration, both nationally and internationally. An analysis of the provisions of international criminal law makes it possible to consider various legal approaches to the criminalization of acts in the field of migration. The document underpins the need to develop a unified approach to determining the characteristics of the crime in question, as it is transnational. It is concluded that, regardless of the different approaches of States to recognize illegal population migration, the organization of this illegal activity, in the presence of certain signs, should be recognized as a crime. At the same time, the organization of illegal migration is defined as the commission by a criminal group (association of criminal groups) of actions aimed at creating the conditions for the illegal movement of foreign nationals across the state border or their illegal presence in each country.

The aim of the research was to analyze academic approaches to understanding the legal nature of white-collar crime and what crimes it includes; based on this understanding, the model of corporate criminal liability was investigated to place it in various law enforcement contexts. Throughout the article, appropriate research methods have been used, such as: comparative law method, systemic-structural method, formal-legal method. Based on the results of the detailed comparative analysis, it has been established that there are no unified standards or models for both white-collar crime and corporate criminal liability. Furthermore, it has been argued that the concept of fraud (deception) constitutes the key element of white-collar crime and is also the foundation of most corporate crimes. In the conclusions, it is argued that corporate criminal liability in the United States, and to a lesser extent in some European countries (including Ukraine), is a powerful law enforcement tool capable of protecting society from massive crimes as well as deterring corporations from unlawful deviations.

The purpose of this article is to study the criminal liability of
medical professionals in cases of suspension, in accordance with
jurisprudence in Ukraine, the European Union and the United
States of America (USA). He made the comparative method.
According to the investigation, the number of criminal proceedings
in Ukraine by the authority and misconduct of medical doctors is
about 2% per population, my figure that rises to 30% in Europe
and is the stable yes in the US and is 28%. 32%. The main objective of the
article is often area identify specializations in the medical office occurs
with the mayor based on Ukrainian jurisprudence (data from Ukraine's
only state judicial decision register from 2016 to 2019). In addition, the
study analyses the impact of the main influences on the ability of medical
professionals for their professional functions. From counting the results
show that surgeons, gynecologists, paramedics, and anesthesiologists are
the most prone to deviation and medical error. Key proposed criteria have
been proposed as medical errors differ from medical writing.

The article addresses the basic concepts of administrative liability for environmental crimes based on international experience and practice through the investigative method of sociological analysis. Administrative sanctions that have a positive effect on the existing legislation of countries and those that have a positive effect only in certain regions were identified. It is argued that there are administrative and legal norms that do not have much influence and effectiveness in addressing environmental problems based on the structural and comparative research methods of the system. The issue of the consciousness of man and society in violation of environmental law is emphasized as a kind of administrative responsibility due to logical-semantic and formal-logical research methods. The key elements of the effectiveness of administrative responsibility in the field of environmental crimes are highlighted. It is concluded that the analysis of the implementation of environmental policy and its relationship with the practice of administrative responsibility for environmental crimes through the use of a dialectical research method ensures maximum efficiency in the identification of the topics of this study.

This article studies the legislation, legal doctrine and jurisprudence referring to the civil liability of the employer in the labor contingencies, namely work accidents and occupational diseases. Thus, some basic concepts on the subject will be reviewed, and the nature of this legal institute will be analyzed, that has always been complex, since we have not yet found consensus or uniformity in the norm or in the authors. ; En el presente artículo se efectúa un estudio, desde la legislación, doctrina y jurisprudencia, acerca de la responsabilidad civil del empleador por contingencias laborales, entendidas estas como accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades profesionales. Así, se repasarán algunos conceptos básicos sobre el tema, y se analizará la naturaleza de esta figura, que se ha presentado siempre compleja, en vista de que aún no hallamos consenso ni uniformidad en la norma ni en los autores.

The objective of the study was to identify forms, main objectives and regulatory measures that can improve the development of the legal regulation of dividend payments in a limited liability company. The study involved three methods: direct observation, comparison, and analysis of the content of documents that provide legal regulation of dividend payments at the state and interstate levels. Eight important factors influencing dividend policy are presented. The success of business activity depends directly on the regularity of profits and the amount of capital of the company, while it is inversely dependent on the regularity and size of dividends. It is concluded that the type and form of dividend policy is partly governed by the rule of law and partly determined by non-legal business factors. An optimal dividend policy means that there must be an appropriate balance between the payment of current dividends and the future growth of the company's profits. In this case, the procedure established by law and the sequence of shares preceding the payment of dividends indicates the partial entrepreneurial freedom of the participants in this case.

According to statistics, Amazon is one of the most-used online marketplaces worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing lockdowns to reduce the spread of the virus have shown how critical online marketplaces are to enable e-commerce and keep commercial transactions alive, especially in such times when regular commerce is disrupted. However, when we buy online, we have no chance of examining whether the product works or whether it is defective. If something goes wrong when we buy a product from a third-party seller through Amazon, as consumers, we then face the challenge of trying to file a claim for the damages that might have arisen due to the defectiveness of the product. This article explores Amazon's position in this scenario, with reference to the case law from both US and EU courts and regulations, not solely from the point of view of Product Liability Law, but also according to the E-Commerce Directive liability.

The Public Liability reaffirms the quality of the rule of law. In the sense of the new Constitution, the impact of the regulation of public liability requires reflecting on the essential aspects of its historical tract, constitutional development and configuration of its legal regime. To this visions, the article proposes to assess, in the heat of the constitutional process, the impact of its regulation on the current legal regime. The assessments that are made of the public liability in its various spheres of deployment, allow to conclude about the essential aspects on which legislative changes must be produced so that it is regulated and applied properly, according to its purpose as a patrimonial guarantee of citizens against the damages suffered by the exercise of public power. ; La responsabilidad patrimonial resulta una institución que reafirma la calidad del Estado de Derecho. Al calor de la nueva Constitución de la República de 2019, el impacto de la regulación de la responsabilidad patrimonial precisa reflexionar sobre los aspectos esenciales de su tracto histórico, desarrollo constitucional y configuración de su régimen jurídico. A tales efectos, el artículo se propone valorar, al calor de proceso constitucional, el impacto de su regulación sobre el régimen jurídico actual. Las valoraciones que se realizan de la responsabilidad patrimonial en sus diversas esferas de despliegue, permiten concluir acerca de los aspectos esenciales sobre los cuales deben producirse cambios legislativos de modo que se regule y aplique adecuadamente, conforme a su finalidad como garantía patrimonial de los ciudadanos antes los daños sufridos por el ejercicio del poder público.

Spanish legislator has settled the agent's professional liability by a laconic norm from which two conclusions could be drawn: the legal regime applicable is not the same for exclusive and linked agents as for banking-insurance; and legislator's stipulation is just impute this liability to the insurer when acts as an exclusive or linked agent. This concise regulation leaves many questions opened, which forces to analyze the different elements of any liability in the light of the new regulation. ; La responsabilidad civil profesional del agente ha sido resuelta por el legislador por una lacónica norma de la que es dable extraer dos consecuencias: el régimen jurídico aplicable no es el mismo para agentes exclusivos y vinculados que para operadores de banca seguros; y la previsión del legislador se limita a imputar esta responsabilidad civil al asegurador cuando de agente exclusivo o vinculado se trate. Esta escueta regulación deja muchas cuestiones abiertas lo que obliga a analizar los diferentes elementos de cualquier responsabilidad civil a la luz de la nueva regulación.

The objective of the article is to conduct a comparative legal study of Ukrainian and international standards of criminal liability for corruption offences and their prevention. The research methodology includes the following methods: system-structural method, formal-dogmatic method, historical method, grouping method, comparative-legal method, legal modeling method and others. As a result, the peculiarities of anti-corruption regulatory-legal provisions and police practice in the states analyzed are clarified, with the selection of relevant positive and negative trends, principles of construction of anti-corruption policy, specificity of the conceptual apparatus, etc. Emphasis is placed on the need to further harmonize Ukrainian legislation with international agreements and the practice of their implementation. It is concluded that negative trends in foreign countries have been found to be the result of non-compliance with relevant commitments to combat and prevent corruption.

De manera repetida se ha alertado a los médicos sobre el in-cremento de las demandas por responsabilidad profesional; sin embargo, las cifras de los casos que efectivamente conti-núan o incluso terminan un proceso no han sido publicadas de manera sistemática en nuestro país. El sistema judicial y ético carecen de sistemas de información integrales que per-mitan publicar estadísticas sobre la magnitud de las deman-das, procesos y fallos. Esto genera dificultades para abordar mecanismos efectivos de mitigación del impacto que tienen las demandas sobre el ejercicio de una profesión como es la medicina, a través de procesos de divulgación, formación y educación continua. El Dr. Escobar en su artículo "La Respon-sabilidad médica del psiquiatra"1 aporta elementos suficien-tes a tener en cuenta para el ejercicio de esta especialidad y su eventual impacto en demandas por responsabilidad pro-fesional. En el grupo de psiquiatría y psicología en 2011 solo se recibieron dos solicitudes para análisis de casos por presunta responsabilidad de especialistas de la psiquiatría. El jefe de este grupo en la Regional Bogotá indica que en general son menos de dos casos por año los que se reciben para análisis en esta especialidad. El artículo publicado en octubre pasado "Análisis estadístico de los informes periciales por presunta responsabilidad profesional analizados en el grupo de Clíni-ca de la Regional Bogotá, del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses de Colombia. 2006-2010"2 no inclu-yó dentro de la muestra los casos analizados por el grupo de psiquiatría. Es necesario que la comunidad médica científi-ca continúe haciendo esfuerzos investigativos y políticos por mejorar la información sobre aspectos médico-legales rela-cionados con el quehacer de la profesión médica y su impacto en la salud de la población. ; Doctors have been repeatedly alerted to the increase in claims for professional liability; however, the figures of the cases that effectively continue or even finish a process have not been published systematically in our country. The judicial and ethical system lack comprehensive information systems that allow the publication of statistics on the magnitude of the demands, processes and rulings. This creates difficulties in addressing effective mechanisms to mitigate the impact that demands have on the exercise of a profession such as medicine, through processes of dissemination, training and continuing education. Dr. Escobar in his article 'The medical responsibility of the psychiatrist' 1 provides sufficient elements to take into account for the exercise of this specialty and its eventual impact on claims for professional responsibility. In the group of psychiatry and psychology in 2011, only two requests were received for case analysis for alleged responsibility of psychiatry specialists. The head of this group in the Bogotá Regional indicates that in general there are less than two cases per year that are received for analysis in this specialty. The article published last October 'Statistical analysis of the expert reports for alleged professional responsibility analyzed in the Clinical Group of the Bogotá Regional, of the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of Colombia. 2006-2010 "2 did not include in the sample the cases analyzed by the psychiatry group. It is necessary that the scientific medical community continue making investigative and political efforts to improve information on medico-legal aspects related to the work of the medical profession and its impact on the health of the population.