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The Conditions in Which Liberalism and Capitalism Appeared. The Conditions in Which Liberalism and Capitalism Appeared -- Political and Legal Conditions -- Economic and Sociological Conditions -- The Evolution of Liberalism and Capitalism. The Evolution of Liberalism and Capitalism -- The Birth of a New Capitalism in a New World: Financial Capitalism -- Towards 21st Century Capitalism.

Preface; 1. Introduction: Liberalism and The End of Ideology 2. C. B. Macpherson: Liberalism as Possessive Individualism 3. Herbert Marcuse: Liberalism and Liberation 4. Leo Strauss: Liberalism and the Modern Project 5. Michael Oakeshott: Liberalism as Rationalism in Politics 6. Conclusion: Modern Liberalism: The Present Controversy; Bibliography; Index

Liberalism and its Practice brings together leading authorities who provide an excellent insight into the meaning and practice of liberalism. This book explores current debates surrounding liberalism at the end of the twentieth century and what it has to offer in practice. Its focus is two of liberalism's greatest emerging challenges: multiculturalism and states struggling with the transition to democracy. It considers considers the significant tensions that these pressures bring to liberal frameworks and asks what the viable alternatives are.

Liberalisms, a work first published in 1989, provides a coherent and comprehensive analytical guide to liberal thinking over the past century and considers the dominance of liberal thought in Anglo-American political philosophy over the past 20 years. John Gray assesses the work of all the major liberal political philosophers including J.S. Mill, Herbert Spencer, Karl Popper, F.A Hayek, John Rawls and Robert Nozick, and explores their mutual connections and differences.

First published in 1985. Liberalism was under increasing attack from both socialists and conservatives towards the end of the twentieth century. This book argues that, far from having little to contribute towards solving the problems of the modern world, liberalism is, in fact, of central importance. It discusses the arguments against liberalism put forward by four major political theorists, refuting the general thrust of their criticisms and taking issue with many points of detail used by them to support their arguments. It analyses the origins of liberalism, discusses its major achievements and explains why it continues to be a crucially important movement.

While the need for a history of liberalism that goes beyond its conventional European limits is well recognized, the agrarian backwaters of the British Empire might seem an unlikely place to start. Yet specifically liberal preoccupations with property and freedom evolved as central to agrarian policy and politics in colonial Bengal. Liberalism in Empire explores the generative crisis in understanding property's role in the constitution of a liberal polity, which intersected in Bengal with a new politics of peasant independence based on practices of commodity exchange. Thus the conditions for

Cover -- The Globalization of Liberalism -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Notes on the Contributors -- Introduction -- Part I Understanding International Liberalism -- 1 Moral Commitment and Liberal Approaches to World Politics -- 2 The Harvard School of Liberal International Theory: A Case for Closure -- 3 A Kantian Protest against the Peculiar Discourse of Inter-Liberal State Peace -- Part II Globalization and Liberalism in Contemporary International Relations -- 4 Liberalism at the Global Level: Solidarity vs. Cooperation -- 5 At Home Abroad, Abroad at Home: International Liberalization and Domestic Stability in the New World Economy -- 6 Globalization, Market Civilization and Disciplinary Neoliberalism -- 7 Global Civil Society: An Ethical Profile -- 8 'A Project to be Realized': Global Liberalism and a New World Order -- Part III International Relations beyond Europe -- 9 China and Global Liberalism -- 10 International Human Rights Norms and the State in Egypt and Tunisia: Globalization, Liberalism and Culture -- 11 Neoliberalism, Globalization and Resistance: The Case of India -- Index.

This primer aims to provide a straightforward introduction to the principles, personalities and key developments in classical liberalism. It is designed for students and lay readers who may understand the general concepts of social, political and economic freedom, but who would like a systematic presentation of its essential elements

"In this definitive historical investigation, Italian author and philosopher Domenico Losurdo argues that from the outset liberalism, as a philosophical position and ideology, has been bound up with the most illiberal of policies: slavery, colonialism, genocide, racism and snobbery. Narrating an intellectual history running from the eighteenth through to the twentieth centuries, Losurdo examines the thought of preeminent liberal writers such as Locke, Burke, Tocqueville, Constant, Bentham, and Sieyès, revealing the inner contradictions of an intellectual position that has exercised a formative influence on today's politics. Among the dominant strains of liberalism, he discerns the counter-currents of more radical positions, lost in the constitution of the modern world order"--

Intro -- Ludwig von Mises, Liberalism -- Front Matter -- Title Page -- Copyright Details -- Table of Contents, p. vii -- Preface, 1985, p. ix -- Preface to the English-Language Edition, p. xiii -- Introduction, p. xvii -- Liberalism, The Classical Tradition -- Chapter 1. The Foundations of Liberal Policy, p. 1 -- 1. Property, p. 1 -- 2. Freedom, p. 3 -- 3. Peace, p. 5 -- 4. Equality, p. 9 -- 5. The Inequality of Wealth and Income, p. 12 -- 6. Private Property and Ethics, p. 14 -- 7. State and Government, p. 15 -- 8. Democracy, p. 19 -- 9. Critique of the Doctrine of Force, p. 22 -- 10. The Argument of Fascism, p. 25 -- 11. The Limits of Governmental Activity, p. 30 -- 12. Tolerance, p. 33 -- 13. The State and Antisocial Conduct, p. 34 -- Chapter 2. Liberal Economic Policy, p. 37 -- 1. The Organization of the Economy, p. 37 -- 2. Private Property and Its Critics, p. 40 -- 3. Private Property and the Government, p. 43 -- 4. The Impracticability of Socialism, p. 46 -- 5. Interventionism, p. 50 -- 6. Capitalism: The Only Possible System of Social Organization, p. 59 -- 7. Cartels, Monopolies, and Liberalism, p. 63 -- 8. Bureaucratization, p. 67 -- Chapter 3. Liberal Foreign Policy, p. 76 -- 1. The Boundaries of the State, p. 76 -- 2. The Right of Self-Determination, p. 78 -- 3. The Political Foundations of Peace, p. 81 -- 4. Nationalism, p. 87 -- 5. Imperialism, p. 90 -- 6. Colonial Policy, p. 93 -- 7. Free Trade, p. 98 -- 8. Freedom of Movement, p. 103 -- 9. The United States of Europe, p. 108 -- 10. The League of Nations, p. 112 -- 11. Russia, p. 115 -- Chapter 4. Liberalism and the Political Parties, p. 119 -- 1. The "Doctrinairism" of the Liberals, p. 119 -- 2. Political Parties, p. 121 -- 3. The Crisis of Parliamentarism and the Idea of a Diet Representing Special Groups, p. 132 -- 4. Liberalism and the Parties of Special Interests, p. 136.

This open access book by Nils Karlson explores the strategies used by left- and right-wing populists to make populism intelligible, recognizable, and contestable. It presents a synthesized explanatory model for how populists promote autocratization through the deliberate polarization of society. It traces the ideational roots of the core populist ideas and shows that these ideas form a collectivistic identity politics. Karlson argues that to fight back requires the revival of liberalism itself by defending and developing the liberal institutions, the liberal spirit, liberal narratives, and liberal statecraft.  The book also presents and discusses an extensive list of counterstrategies against populism.  Written within the tradition of political theory and institutional economics, this book uses a wide variety of sources, including results and analyses from social psychology, ethics, law, and history.

This open access book by Nils Karlson explores the strategies used by left- and right-wing populists to make populism intelligible, recognizable, and contestable. It presents a synthesized explanatory model for how populists promote autocratization through the deliberate polarization of society. It traces the ideational roots of the core populist ideas and shows that these ideas form a collectivistic identity politics. Karlson argues that to fight back requires the revival of liberalism itself by defending and developing the liberal institutions, the liberal spirit, liberal narratives, and liberal statecraft.  The book also presents and discusses an extensive list of counterstrategies against populism.  Written within the tradition of political theory and institutional economics, this book uses a wide variety of sources, including results and analyses from social psychology, ethics, law, and history.

How did liberalism, the great political tradition that from the New Deal to the 1960s seemed to dominate American politics, fall from favor so far and so fast? In this history of liberalism since the 1930s, a distinguished historian offers an eloquent account of postwar liberalism, where it came from, where it has gone, and why. The book supplies a crucial chapter in the history of twentieth-century American politics as well as a valuable and clear perspective on the state of our nation's politics today.Liberalism and Its Discontents moves from a penetrating interpretation of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal to an analysis of the profound and frequently corrosive economic, social, and cultural changes that have undermined the liberal tradition. The book moves beyond an examination of the internal weaknesses of liberalism and the broad social and economic forces it faced to consider the role of alternative political traditions in liberalism's downfall. What emerges is a picture of a dominant political tradition far less uniform and stable--and far more complex and contested--than has been argued. The author offers as well a masterly assessment of how some of the leading historians of the postwar era explained (or failed to explain) liberalism and other political ideologies in the last half-century. He also makes clear how historical interpretation was itself a reflection of liberal assumptions that began to collapse more quickly and completely than almost any scholar could have imagined a generation ago. As both political history and a critique of that history, Liberalism and Its Discontents, based on extraordinary essays written over the last decade, leads to a new understanding of the shaping of modern America