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Argues that former US President Ronald Reagan adopted a foreign policy tradition that drew on elements of realism & liberal internationalism: conservative internationalism. This tradition is manifest in the foreign policy choices of Thomas Jefferson, James K. Polk, & Harry Truman, who, along with Reagan, are seen to have expanded freedom abroad through the assertive use of military force more than other US presidents. The eleven principal tenets of the conservative internationalist tradition are identified, & it is distinguished from realism & liberal internationalism. These are then illustrated with a look at the policies of Jefferson (vs Alexander Hamilton & realists), Polk (vs Andrew Jackson & nationalists), Truman (vs Franklin Roosevelt & liberal internationalists), & Reagan (vs Jimmy Carter & liberal internationalists & Richard Nixon & realists). What conservative internationalism offers the current debate on terrorism, opportunities for freedom, connection & timing of force & diplomacy, & local democracy is considered. Adapted from the source document.

Modern commercial society has been criticized for attenuating virtue and inhibiting the ethical self-realization of its participants. But Adam Smith, a founding father of liberal commercial modernity, anticipated precisely this critique and took specific measures to circumvent it. This article presents these measures via an analysis of his response to the critique of liberal commercial modernity set forth by Rousseau. It principally argues that Smith's distinctions of the love of praise from the love of praiseworthiness, and the love of glory from the love of virtue, were elements of a normative moral education that sought to elevate civilized man's corrupted self-love, and thereby recover within modern commercial society a respect for ethical nobility.