Suchergebnisse

Based on theory and previous results, three hypotheses are posed: (1) Libertarian states have no violence between themselves. (2) The more libertarian two states, the less their mutual violence. (3) The more libertarian a state, the less its foreign violence. These hypotheses are statistically tested against scaled data on all reported international conflict for 1976 to 1980; and where appropriate, against a list of wars from 1816 to 1974, and of threats and use of force from 1945 to 1965. The three hypotheses are found highly significant. Tests were also made for contiguity as an intervening variable and were negative. Finally, two definitions of "libertarian" are tested, one involving civil liberties plus political rights, the other adding in economic freedom. Both are highly positive, but economic freedom is also found to make a significant added reduction in the level of violence for a state overall or between particular states.

Abstract
This paper suggests that libertarian and (related) contractarian ideas would be less vulnerable to certain forms of criticism if they would more carefully disentangle their legal and moral standards for the assess­ment of institutions from empirical, methodological, and epistemological assumptions about individualism and non-cognitivism. Holding apart several meanings of individualism different issues can be treated separately. It will be shown that the justification of libertarian norms raises some problems which are not too easily solved within a non-cognitivist approach. No attempt to solve them is made subsequently but how far in principle the 'argumentation possibility frontier' might be shifted out for that purpose is outlined. In this respect the paper might be regarded as a companion to Viktor Vanberg's brillant reconstruction of contractarian liberalism in this issue of Analyse & Kritik (pp. 113–149).

The proposition is tested that the more libertarian a nation, the less its internal, foreign, & dyadic violence. The macrotheory concerning the social field of libertarianism & the antifield of totalitarianism is presented, along with an associated mathematical model. This model is used to explain the inverse relationship between libertarianism & collective violence. The microtheory comprising the conflict helix -- a movement from peaceful relations to social conflict & back, with progressively shorter periods of conflict -- is described conceptually, & the catastrophe theory model is presented to define the precise relationship of libertarianism to the conflict helix. 1 Table, 7 Figures, 15 References. AA

Except for an occasional report that President Pinochet has expelled politicians or labor leaders from the country (as he did immediately following the August visit of leane Kirkpatrick, the apologist for "quiet diplomacy" in promoting human rights) or the announcement that another of the Carter administration sanctions against Chile has been lifted, Chile has not figured prominently in the world news in recent months.

David Miller's article 'Market Neutrality and the Failure of Co-operatives' has two principal theses. The first of these, with which I have no quarrel, is that co-operatives will have a difficult time surviving in a free market economy. The second is that the truth of the first thesis suggests that a crucial argument in favour of libertarianism is wrong.