Suchergebnisse

The article reveals the problem of the specifics of the social resocialization of those sentenced to deprivation of liberty. The factors determining it are determined, where labor is named as the main one. This kind of approach makes it possible to evaluate other elements of the social resocialization of convicts sentenced to deprivation of liberty. In the literature, they are usually defined as equivalent. However, the analysis of their content, carried out in the article, made it possible to establish the main role of labor, above all other signs (factors).
The essence of the resocializing role of the theoretical and methodological approach, to the definition of its mechanism in achieving the goals of criminal punishment, is revealed. This allows us to establish the sequence of the resocializing impact on those sentenced to deprivation of liberty throughout all stages of the penal process (the penitentiary and post-penitentiary periods of social resocialization of convicts).
It is concluded that social resocialization determines its structure based on the attitude of the convict to work, where the latter acts as the leading element of penitentiary influence on the personality of the convict. It is summarized that the process is carried out in two stages, the first penitentiary proceeds directly in the conditions of a correctional institution, the second post-penitentiary in the conditions of a free society, where there is a kind of consolidation of those values and norms that were restored to the convict as a socialized member of a free (open) society. The social resocialization of those sentenced to deprivation of liberty is formulated by the author as a specific process that allows creating conditions under which it is possible to overcome the social alienation of the person serving (has served) a criminal sentence in a free (open) society

Some aspects of the criminal policy of the Russian state were analyzed from 1016 to 1917. The crucial importance of the transformation of criminal executive policy is that this area reflects both the level of development of law in the state and the level of public justice. The relevance of studying the historical aspects of the penitentiary system of pre-revolutionary Russia is to contribute to a more effective definition of the prospects for the further development of scientific thought, as well as effective ways to improve the legislation on the enforcement of sentences of imprisonment and the social practice of its application. The comparative historical, systemic methods, as well as the method of observance of historical continuity, are the main tools in the approach to the study of the criminal–executive policy of Russia, as a developing, time-varying phenomenon. They help to consider the imposition of punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty in terms of how and when it arose, what the main stages in its development took place and what results led to. It is obvious that the attitude towards the punishment of the criminal changed throughout the entire historical development of the penitentiary policy of Russia. At the beginning of her execution, she treats the criminal extremely humanely, but by the middle of the XVI century we are witnessing a tendency to toughen punishment — the prison system is emerging, the list of punishments related to the isolation of the convict from society is expanding. During the reign of Alexander II, the streamlining of legislation, the easing of criminal repressions and the relaxation of the penitentiary policy of the state occur. The beginning of the 20th century, the Russian criminal thought reaches the heights of the world, but the penitentiary system itself, however, did not have time to assimilate these ideas.

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(1): 5 ijul' 1991 g. - 331 S. - (Materialy Samizdata; Vypusk 1991, Nr. 8).; (2) 4 nojabr 1991 g. - 168 S. - (Materialy Samizdata; Vypusk 1991, Nr. 13)

The article considers the basic concepts of political freedom fundamental for Russia's political thought in the 2nd half of the 18th century. Peter III's concept regarded freedom as a characteristic of maturity, granting conditional release from permanent coercion from the side of the state to certain social groups, while Catherine II's concept meant complete freedom for the citizens of the Empire, and was founded on the concept of the Fundamental Laws. However, both concepts equally supported absolutist political power, regardless of the extensive use the vocabulary of legitimacy. ; Рассматриваются основные концепции политической свободы, базовые для политической мысли России второй половины XVIII в. «Петровская» концепция расценивала свободу как характеристику зрелости, дающую социальным группам право на условное освобождение от перманентного государственного принуждения. «Екатерининская» концепция предполагала безусловную свободу граждан империи, опираясь на концепт «фундаментальных законов». Однако обе концепции в равной мере поддерживали абсолютистскую политическую систему, несмотря на активное использование глоссария «законности».

Translation of L'e tat et ses limite s. ; At head of title: E duard Labule . ; Mode of access: Internet.