Suchergebnisse

Intro -- LIBYA: TRANSITION AND STATE BUILDING -- LIBYA: TRANSITION AND STATE BUILDING -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: LIBYA: TRANSITION AND U.S. POLICY -- SUMMARY -- OVERVIEW AND ANALYSIS -- Assessment -- Attacks on U.S. Special Mission in Benghazi -- Political Developments and Challenges -- Domestic and Regional Security Issues -- U.S. Security Policy Considerations -- U.S. Assistance Programs and Related Legislation -- FY2013 Appropriations and Pending Funding Issues -- BACKGROUND -- Libyan History, Civil War, and Political Change -- July 2012 General National Congress Election and Results -- Constitutional Assembly and Federalism Debate -- Security and Human Rights Challenges -- Weapons Proliferation and Related Concerns -- Chemical Weapons Destruction and Nuclear Material -- United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) -- Economic Issues -- Libyan Assets -- Trade, Investment, and Energy -- International Criminal Court (ICC) and United Nations Human Rights Council Investigations -- Legislation in the 112th Congress -- End Notes -- Chapter 2: STATE-BUILDING CHALLENGES IN A POST-REVOLUTION LIBYA -- FOREWORD -- ABOUT THE AUTHOR -- SUMMARY -- Recommendations -- INTRODUCTION -- THE SEEDS OF LIBYA'S FEBRUARY 17, 2011, REVOLUTION -- Limited Political Openings -- Economic Factors -- TRIBES AND POLITICS DURING AND AFTER QADHAFI'S RULE -- CHALLENGES FOR THE NEW LIBYA -- Security Challenges -- The Challenge of Armed Militias -- Political Transition: Avoiding the "Rotten Door" Democracy Fate -- Building Legitimate Institutions -- The Democratic Culture Deficit -- The Tribal Dilemma: Inclusion or Exclusion? -- Handling Ideological and Political Differences -- Truth Recovery and Reconciliation -- Economic Reconstruction Imperatives -- LOOKING AHEAD: THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY AND LIBYA

« Libya is teetering on the edge of collapse, having become a new safe haven for transnational terrorist organizations and the epicenter of the Mediterranean refugee crisis. This is the first book to document and explain the political, security, and humanitarian crises that have engulfed Libya -- Africa's largest oil exporting country -- since 2011. « (Verlagsbeschreibung)

Oil revenues have made Libya rich since 1961, when oil exports began. This new wealth has affected all sectors of the economy and especially the agricultural sector; there have been considerable movements of population, changes in the use of land, and, possibly most important, there has been a profound change in the expectations of the Libyan people. Agriculture was the major contributor to GDP before oil and even in 1968 it was still the major sector in terms of employment, occupying 32 per cent of the employed population; as such it has always been given prominence in government planning. Th

Few empirical studies of Arab countries have dealt with political culture and political socialisation or focused on people's beliefs, values, and attitudes towards the government or political leaders, mainly because the regimes have been reluctant to allow opinion to be tested. The significance of this book is that it assesses the influence of state ideology on the new generation of Libyans, and examines their political culture

This book describes and analyzes the context of Libya's ancient, colonial, and monarchical history. The focal point is the Gaddafi era and what the "Arab Spring" revolution that eventually brought him down, opening a new and perilous future for this oil-rich nation, means to Libya and the world. Libya's history reflects their ancient and extremely convoluted roots, beginning well before Arabs arrived. It is comprised of Berber, Greek, and Roman occupations and includes a significant chapter from early American naval history. Such lineage is all the more impressive given the fact its three geographical components were rarely unified. In the face of recurring foreign aggression, the normally peaceful Sanusiya brotherhood moved religious retreat to steadfast anticolonial resistance and began consolidating the Libyan people. The brutality of Italian colonialism was faced collectively and stoically. In 1951, when the United Nations could not determine what to do with the lands of Tripolitania, Cyrenaica, and the Fezzan, a central monarchy was installed, though it never had one, and planted a flag that it had never seen, and called it Libya. This poor fit was kicked into the modern spirit of Arab nationalism in 1969 by Muammar Gaddafi, who grabbed power with an eclectic mixture of Arabism, Islamism, Socialism, and Nomadism. After four decades of generous yet tyrannical, liberating and frustrating, pioneering yet stubborn, revolutionary, confusing, and erratic and yet amazing changes, all swimming in oil wealth, this syncretic historical mixture tumbled down in 2011. Now, Libya is embarking on a new course, without known charts and an uncertain compass. This book records their remarkable past, traces the twists and turns of Gaddafi, and prepares the reader for some of the potential scenarios that lie ahead, based on the political tracks flowing in the Libya sands.

The dictionary -- Appendixes -- Libya fact sheet -- Karamanli dynasty, 1711-1835 -- Turkish governors of Libya, 1835-1911 -- Libyan cabinets, 1952-1969 -- Revolutionary Command Council, January 1970 -- Libyan government, October 2005 -- Recoverable oil reserves, 1967-2004 -- Selected chronology of sanctions against Libya

Why has Libya fallen apart since 2011? The world has largely given up trying to understand how the revolution that toppled Muammar Gaddafi has left the country a failed state and a major security headache for Europe. Gaddafi's police state has been replaced by yet another dictatorship, amidst a complex conflict of myriad armed groups, Islamists, tribes, towns and secularists. What happened? One of few foreign journalists to have lived in post-revolution Tripoli, Ulf Laessing has unique insight into the violent nature of post-Gaddafi politics. Confronting threats from media-hostile militias and jihadi kidnappings, in a world where diplomats retreat to their compounds and guns are drawn at government press conferences, Laessing has kept his ear to the ground and won the trust of many key players. Understanding Libya Since Gaddafi is an original blend of personal anecdote and nuanced Libyan history. It offers a much-needed diagnosis of why war has erupted over a desert nation of just 6 million, and of how the country blessed with Africa's greatest energy reserves has been reduced to state collapse.

Intro -- Copyright -- Introduction: The GIDEON e-book series -- Table of Contents -- Acanthocephalan infections -- Agent -- Reservoir -- Vector -- Vehicle -- Incubation Period -- Diagnostic Tests -- Typical Adult Therapy -- Typical Pediatric Therapy -- Clinical Hints -- Synonyms -- References -- Actinomycosis -- Agent -- Reservoir -- Vector -- Vehicle -- Incubation Period -- Diagnostic Tests -- Typical Adult Therapy -- Typical Pediatric Therapy -- Clinical Hints -- Synonyms -- References -- Adenovirus infection -- Agent -- Reservoir -- Vector -- Vehicle -- Incubation Period -- Diagnostic Tests -- Typical Adult Therapy -- Typical Pediatric Therapy -- Vaccine -- Clinical Hints -- Synonyms -- Adenovirus infection in Libya -- References -- Aeromonas and marine Vibrio infx. -- Agent -- Reservoir -- Vector -- Vehicle -- Incubation Period -- Diagnostic Tests -- Typical Adult Therapy -- Typical Pediatric Therapy -- Clinical Hints -- Synonyms -- Aeromonas and marine Vibrio infx. in Libya -- References -- Amoeba - free living -- Agent -- Reservoir -- Vector -- Vehicle -- Incubation Period -- Diagnostic Tests -- Typical Adult Therapy -- Typical Pediatric Therapy -- Clinical Hints -- Synonyms -- References -- Amoebiasis -- Agent -- Reservoir -- Vector -- Vehicle -- Incubation Period -- Diagnostic Tests -- Typical Adult Therapy -- Typical Pediatric Therapy -- Clinical Hints -- Synonyms -- Amoebiasis in Libya -- References -- Amoebic abscess -- Agent -- Reservoir -- Vector -- Vehicle -- Incubation Period -- Diagnostic Tests -- Typical Adult Therapy -- Typical Pediatric Therapy -- Clinical Hints -- Synonyms -- Amoebic abscess in Libya -- References -- Animal bite-associated infection -- Agent -- Reservoir -- Vector -- Vehicle -- Incubation Period -- Diagnostic Tests -- Typical Adult Therapy -- Typical Pediatric Therapy -- Clinical Hints -- Synonyms.