Suchergebnisse

Dr. Sherman P. Vinograd fulfilled the roles of Chief of Medical Science and Technology and Director of Biomedical Research at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) from the fall of 1961 until the spring of 1979. In this role he shaped, organized, and directed NASA's program of medical research as a funded program of studies, which was carried out in not only NASA Center laboratories, but also in university, industry, and other government laboratories and hospitals all over the country. It produced a large substrate of information through its bed rest studies, vestibular, bone, neuromuscular, hematology, and cardiovascular researches. It also produced valuable fall-out, such as an accurate bone density measurement technique which is now in common clinical use. ; His major activities during this career were conceptualizing, establishing, and chairing the Space Medicine Advisory Group (SPAMAG) charged with defining the earth-based and space-based research and life-support requirements for a manned orbiting research laboratory. This group designed a carefully planned study utilizing highly qualified, specialized members of the scientific community. They postulated a non-existent orbiting laboratory to be designed according to the needs of future human flight crews and requirements for human spaceflight information. This would result in the creation of Skylab. ; He was also responsible for establishing the In-flight Medical Experiments Program in preparation for the Apollo series of manned space flights. This program was a series of carefully designed flight crew studies derived from proposals by qualified scientists both from within and outside NASA to evaluate human responses to spaceflight. ; In addition, Dr. Vinograd developed a supportive Research and Development Program necessary to provide pertinent ground-based data and to advance state-of-the-art medical measurement technology, a major development of which was the Integrated Medical and Behavioral Laboratory Measurement System (IMBLMS). This consisted of medical experiments and accompanying equipment necessary to perform them that was used from the Gemini through the Skylab manned space flight programs. Carried aboard virtually any post-Apollo space vehicle by virtue of its rack and module design, these designs were used well into the future. He also fostered the continuing ground-based medical research program sponsored and/or conducted by NASA. ; The Dr. Sherman P. Vinograd Aerospace Exploration collection consists of artifacts, books, correspondence, financial materials, newspapers, photographs, plaques, printed materials, and reports relating to Dr. Vinograd's early life, his career as an M. D. prior to joining NASA, his years as a physician and researcher at NASA, and the other professional organizations and projects in which he was involved both during and after these periods. ; Box 9, Folder 9

1 Electronic Structure in Aqueous Acid—Base Chemistry -- 1. The Proton in Compounds -- 2. The Oxy-Acid—Bases -- 3. Brønsted Acid—Base Pairs versus "Hydrolysis" -- Problems -- 2 Chemical Equilibrium Relations and the pH System -- 1. The Equilibrium Constant -- 2. Water -- 3. Monoprotic Acids -- 4. Bases and the Kb -- 5. The pH System -- Problems -- 3 Monoprotic Acid—Base Equilibria in Water Solutions -- 1. A Complete Equation Treatment -- 2. Graphical Illustrations -- 3. Procedure for Solving pH Problems -- 4. Summary -- Problems -- 4 Monoprotic Acid—Base Diagrams -- 1. Equilibrium Ratio Plots -- 2. Logarithmic Fraction and Concentration Diagrams -- 3. Logarithmic Concentration Diagrams: H and OH Intersection Method -- 4. Summary -- Selected Reading -- Problems -- 5 Polyprotic Acid-Base Equilibria: Relations and Diagrams -- 1. Constants and Conventions -- 2. Alpha Fractions and Diagrams -- 3. Log Ratio Diagrams -- 4. Graphical Solutions to Polyprotic pH Problems -- 5. Logarithmic Fraction and Concentration Diagrams -- 6. Microscopic versus Macroscopic Equilibrium Constants -- 7. Summary -- Selected Reading -- Problems -- 6 Applications of Acid—Base Relations -- 1. pH Indicators -- 2. Separations -- 3. Some Physiological pH Effects -- 4. pH Calculations for Mixtures and Polyprotic Cases -- 5. Summary -- Problems -- 7 Acid—Base Titration Curves -- 1. The Monoprotic Weak Acid—Strong Base Curve -- 2. Slope and Buffer Index -- 3. Graphical Methods for Location of Titration End Points -- Selected Reading -- Problems -- 8 Metal Ion—Ligand Systems -- 1. General View of M—L Systems -- 2. Useful Relations Derived from Sets of Step Equilibria -- 3. General Features of Species Distributions -- 4. Approximate Sketching of an Alpha Diagram -- 5. Logarithmic Ratio Plots -- Selected Reading -- Problems -- 9 Applications of Metal Ion—Ligand Calculations -- 1. Fe(III)-SCN- -- 2. Hg(II)-Cr- -- 3. Cu(II)-NH3-EDTA: Competing Ligands -- 4. The pH Effect in EDTA Complexing -- 5. Amino Acid Complexes of Copper and Cobalt Ions -- 6. Weak Complexing at Moderate Concentrations: The Sea Water Problem -- 7. Calculation of Equilibrium Constants from Data -- 8. Some Physiological Reactions of Metal Ions -- Problems -- 10 Solubility Equilibria -- 1. Simple Solubility: No Competing Reactions -- 2. Solubility with Complex Formation -- 3. Multiple Strong Complexing -- 4. Solubilities Dependent upon pH -- 5. Summary -- Problems -- 11 Applications of Solubility Calculations -- 1. CaCO3 Solubility in Open Systems: CO2 Pressure a Variable -- 2. Ampholyte Solubility: An Amino Acid -- 3. The Solubility of Silver Halides in Ammonia Solutions -- 4. Mineral Precipitation from Sea Water -- 5. The Problem of Uniqueness of the Solid Phase -- 6. The Calcium—Phosphate System: Bone and Mineral Formation -- 7. Solubility Affected by Amino Acid Chelation -- Problems -- 12 Oxidation—Reduction -- 1. Definitions and Relations of Electrochemistry -- 2. Log Activity versus Potential Diagrams -- 3. Potential versus pH (E-pH) Diagrams -- 4. Applications -- Problems -- Appendixes -- A-1. Ionic Activity Coefficients from Kielland and by the Davies Equation -- A-2. Computer Program for Plotting Alpha Diagrams -- A-3. Typical Run of Computer Program of Appendix A-2 -- A-4. Computer Program for Numerical Values of ? and ñ -- A-5. Equilibrium Constants -- A-6. Bibliography -- Answers and Hints for Selected Problems.

I. Introduction -- II. Basic Biomedicine -- Speed of application -- Reproductive physiology -- Regulatory mechanisms -- The lungs -- The hormones, insulin and diabetes -- Hormones and ulcers -- Neurophysiology and mental diseases -- Cardiovascular diseases -- Comparative physiology -- Macromolecules and DNA -- The proteins -- Enzymes -- Biosynthesis -- Metabolic events -- Energy -- The molecular basis of disease -- Rational design of drugs -- Application of basic knowledge -- Selected additional reading -- III. Clinical Medicine -- Infectious diseases -- Parasitic diseases -- Community health and epidemiology -- Military research contributions -- Drugs -- Immunology -- Transplantation -- Anesthesiology -- Surgery -- Cardiovascular surgery -- Cardiovascular disease -- Renal disease -- Pulmonary disease -- Hematology -- Endocrinology -- Medical genetics -- Pediatrics -- Obstetrics and gynecology -- Geriatrics -- Nutrition -- Neurology -- Psychiatry -- Ophthalmology -- Otorhinolaryngology -- Radiology -- Nuclear medicine -- Bioengineering -- Automation -- Rehabilitation -- Conclusion -- Selected additional reading -- IV. Dental Science -- Dental decay -- Periodontal disease -- Other clinical considerations -- Delivery of dental services -- Dental materials -- Orthodontics -- Surgical orthodontics -- Maxillofacial prosthesis -- Selected additional reading -- V. Food -- Food from plants -- Harvest to table -- Food from animals -- Animal disease control -- Preserving and distributing food from animals -- Processing and preserving foods -- Conclusion -- Selected additional reading -- VI. Population Biology -- Population potential and carrying capacity -- Populations in ecosystems -- Controlling pest populations -- Selected additional reading -- VII. Environmental Hazards -- Biological hazards to man -- Chemical hazards to man -- Physical hazards to man -- Selected additional reading -- VIII. Marine Sciences -- Feeding man -- Resource assessment -- Behavior studies -- Value of prediction of fishing success -- Preservation of fishery products -- Fish protein concentrate -- Management of renewable resources -- Diseases and parasites -- Man and his environment -- Health and medical research -- Selected additional reading -- IX. Natural Resources -- Man and his resources -- Land: the greatest resource -- Forest and timber resources -- Game management -- Technology in resource management -- Microbes—the unseen resource -- Conversion of waste to resource -- Preserving for the future -- Conservation of man's abundance -- Selected additional reading.