Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the defining of the phenomena of Ukrainian cultural movement of the 19th century, when under conditions of comprehensive Russification of the Ukrainian community and the influence of the Church Slavonic language as well as of complete lack of education in the native language, the processes of creation of the Ukrainian literary language took place. The new Ukrainian spelling was established, the struggle for teaching in schools in the Ukrainian language was intensified, various styles, and lot of genres of literature in the native language were developed. These searches and comprehension by advanced representatives of political, cultural and social life are considered. It is determined that the spirit of romanticism, European revolutions, the abolition of serfdom, scientific and industrial shifts gave birth to a galaxy of unique Ukrainian thinkers, scientific societies, writers, etc. Among them, Panteleimon Oleksandrovich Kulish (1819-1997) was a significant person due to his energy, ability to organize a business, multifaceted talent, profound knowledge. One of the resonance works of the diverse creative heritage P.O. Kulisha is studied in the article, that is a book for initial education in native language − the "Grammar" of the Ukrainian language, which was highly appreciated by T. Shevchenko. Its structure, the content of each part, the pedagogical role as well as the concept of the author, manifested in its preface and the final part were described. The study emphasizes that in the processes of creating a new literary Ukrainian language, its spelling, writing textbooks, grammars in Ukrainian for initials education, two periods are noticeable: the first one – the 20-30th years of the 19th century, when the problems of the necessity of a new literary language arose, the new literature, preservation of the ethnographic, folklore heritage of the people, the second one – the 40-60th-years was the period of active participation of a new generation of Ukrainian thinkers in the development of the Ukrainian literary language, the creation of new spelling, new literature for primary education in native Ukrainian language. The role of "Grammar" in the formation of a new Ukrainian literary language and its phonetic spelling, in the formation of education in the Ukrainian language, the creation of textbooks in the Ukrainian literary language, and the development of Ukrainian writing are underlined. The emphasis was also put on the introduction of the author's, phonetic spelling, the so-called "Kulishivka" in the "Grammar", which is the basis of the modern Ukrainian spelling. Despite the prohibition of "Valuevsky (1863)" and "Yamsky (1876)" decrees, books and newspapers, although very limited were published in Ukrainian. The article also highlights the following discourses: the role of "Grammar" wrote by P. Kulish (the theory and practice of creating a Ukrainian literary language, the new Ukrainian spelling, which caused the intensification of imperial repressions) and its contemporary significance for the new Ukrainian space of ideas, meanings, communication, methods of publications in the Ukrainian language, as well as some grammatical factors of the theory or history of writing: the language of sound - the language of the book: thinking - writing, writing - thinking; sound - letter, letter - sound; "science of reading" - writing, etc. Comparison of discourses contributes to the conclusion that the development of the living language, sound of language during writing has been improved so complex and multifaceted in the 19th century that passed later in the 20th century, and even in the 21st century remain controversial, as evidenced by the lengthy discussion of the "Project of the New Ukrainian spelling".

The subject of the research is the methodological and practical aspects of using life cycle contracts as part of a public–private partnership in Ukraine. The purpose of writing this article is to determine the possibilities of applying life cycle contracts within the framework of a public–private partnership for the development of production infrastructure. The methodology of the work – a systematic and institutional analysis (to justify the economic nature of life cycle contracts); scenario modeling (to determine the advantages and disadvantages of KCC for the state and business) of economic analysis (when making comparisons of KCC with government purchases). Results of work – a comparative analysis of life–cycle contracts and government procurement was carried out, which made it possible to determine the pros and cons of life–cycle contracts for its participants. An analysis of the risks and benefits of the use of life cycle contracts for the state and business has been made, and recommendations have been made on their use in Ukraine. Conclusions – over the past decade, life cycle contracts have become a very popular form of interaction between the public and private sectors in developed countries. Foreign experience shows that the use of life cycle contracts is most justified in infrastructure industries. This practice is related to the fact that the life cycle of infrastructure facilities in a harmonious manner meets the interests of the parties to life cycle contracts in terms of financing terms, payback, creation and operation of facilities.

The main dominants of journalistic education are distinguished from the scientific articles of Ivan Franko - ideological, communicative, and emotive. The vector of Ivan Franko's journalistic activity has always been aimed at the spiritual mobilization of the people and their orientation in social and political coordinates, that is, the ideological dominant of any journalistic speech. The main feature of any journalistic material is its connection with the political and cultural life of the society, its relevance and efficiency, response to political events, polemics, press discussions of topical socio-political and other issues, influence on public opinion. The communicative dominant is objective, honest, operative information, solidarity of society based on universal and national ideals, tolerance to dissenters, love for truth, moral and ethical influence on the public, as well as attracting readers to discuss social problems, forming objective thoughts on the basis of journalistic materials, active participation in the public and political life of the people, making public debates on important economic, political or spiritual issues. Cooperation with Ukrainian, Polish, German-language publishing houses allowed Ivan Franko to highlight the emotional fields of cooperation between journalists and readers. The emotional dominant of the journalistic education provides the space of negative emotions and the space of positive emotions. The ideal communicative model of the «journalist-reader» interaction does not foresee the space of negative emotions. The main elements of Ivan Franko's journalistic skills, which are complexity, polemic, relevance, predictability, systemic, morality, and reasoning, were the practical embodiment of his theoretical postulates.Key words: Ivan Franko, journalist, reader, journalistic education, emotional dominant, communicative dominant, ideological dominant, journalism. ; У статті закцентовано увагу на трьох основних домінантах журналістської освіти – ідейній, комунікативній, емотивній, які виокремлено з публіцистики Івана Франка.Ключові слова: Іван Франко, журналістська освіта, емотивна домінанта, комунікативна домінанта, ідейна домінанта.

В статті охарактеризовано особливості механізмів реалізації свободи у працях мислителів Нового часу. Мета наукової розвідки – дослідити особливості формування ідеї свободи в онтологічному аспекті (як свободи в системі суспільних відносин).Робиться висновок про те, що свобода в добу Нового часу постає як опосередкована пізнавальною діяльністю людини і реалізується в двох основних аспектах: логіко­гносеологічному і практичному. Саме в Новий час розкрито низку видів співвідношення свободи і необхідності, а спроби їх систематизації не втрачають свого значення і донині.Природу соціального та політичного мислителі Нового часу пояснювали виходячи з теорії суспільного договору та природних прав людини, до яких належала і свобода. Концепції суспільного договору у мислителів різнилися між собою, але головна ідея у них була спільною: з природного стану в результаті договору між людьми виникає держава, головна мета якої захист природних прав людини. Мислителями був також розроблений і механізм побудови держави: система розподілу влад (Ш. Монтеск'є, Дж. Локк), теорія правової держави (І. Кант), концепт громадянського суспільства (Г. Гегель) тощо.Середовищем соціального буття свободи, відповідно до теорій мислителів Нового часу, є громадянське суспільство, концепт якого також розроблено у цей період. ; В статті охарактеризовано особливості механізмів реалізації свободи у працях мислителів Нового часу. Мета наукової розвідки – дослідити особливості формування ідеї свободи в онтологічному аспекті (як свободи в системі суспільних відносин).Робиться висновок про те, що свобода в добу Нового часу постає як опосередкована пізнавальною діяльністю людини і реалізується в двох основних аспектах: логіко­гносеологічному і практичному. Саме в Новий час розкрито низку видів співвідношення свободи і необхідності, а спроби їх систематизації не втрачають свого значення і донині.Природу соціального та політичного мислителі Нового часу пояснювали виходячи з теорії суспільного договору та природних прав людини, до яких належала і свобода. Концепції суспільного договору у мислителів різнилися між собою, але головна ідея у них була спільною: з природного стану в результаті договору між людьми виникає держава, головна мета якої захист природних прав людини. Мислителями був також розроблений і механізм побудови держави: система розподілу влад (Ш. Монтеск'є, Дж. Локк), теорія правової держави (І. Кант), концепт громадянського суспільства (Г. Гегель) тощо.Середовищем соціального буття свободи, відповідно до теорій мислителів Нового часу, є громадянське суспільство, концепт якого також розроблено у цей період. ; The author of the article has characterised the specificity of the mechanisms of freedom realization in the works of modern times thinkers. The purpose of scientific exploration is to explore the features of the formation of freedom idea in the ontological aspect (as freedom in social relations system).The author has concluded that freedom in the age of modern times appears to be mediated by human cognitive activity and is implemented in two main aspects: logical­epistemological and practical. It is in modern times when different types of relationship between freedom and necessity have been revealed, and attempts to systematize them do not lose its significance nowadays.The nature of social and political the thinkers of modern times have explained with the basis of the theory of social contract and natural rights including the freedom. The concepts of social contract of the thinkers differed among themselves, but the main idea they had in common is: from the natural state as a result of agreement there appears the state between the humans, the main aim of which is to protect the natural rights. The thinker have also developed the mechanism of nation­building: the system of powers distribution (C.Montesquieu, John Locke), the theory of law (Kant), the concept of civil society (G.Hegel) and others.The environment of social life of freedom, according to the theories of thinkers of modern times, is the civil society, the concept which has also been developed in this period.

The article discovers the circumstances of creation and activity of Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko Society in Kharkiv in 1912–1916.The article analyzes the political situation in Kharkiv before the WWI and the Revolution. It stresses the meaning of the Society in the formation of national consciousness and crystallization of views of those who supported the direction of Ukrainian independent political movement. The documents of the Gendarmerie and the Department for Protecting the Public Security and Order (Okhranka), which are kept in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv, have been used for writing the article.This paper discloses first events organized by the Society. In particular, there was an attempt of creating the Ukrainian theatre in Kharkiv, which was not realized due to the lack of resources. Before the WWI, the Society worked as a literary and art club, organized musical, dance, and literary evenings. The role of Mykola Mikhnovskyi and Hnat Khotkevych for development of the Society was huge. With the beginning of WWI, the Society's members manifested their pro-Ukrainian position more often. In 1915, the most politically active youth of the town, which was united by the Ukrainian Student Community (Hromada), joined the Society. At this time, the Society became the place to present lections in Ukrainian history, exchange the experience about the organization of Ukrainian school and cultural life with people from Galicia. The meetings were dedicated not only to literature and art but also to the question of the political future of Ukrainians. This was obvious also for the police of tsarist Russia. They organized searches and arrests of Ukrainian activists in Kharkiv at 22 January 1916. Among the prosecuted were also the members of the Association. Hnat Khotkevych, one of the prominent figures of Society, was expelledoutside the Ukrainian lands. Despite the persecution, the Society continued its activity till 1916. However, the actions of its members increasingly radicalized. After the explosion of the February Revolution, political issues came to the forefront of the agenda. However, the importance of the Society for the development of the Ukrainian movement in Kharkiv before the Revolution cannot be overestimated.The article attachment contains a document in which officials of the Kharkiv Provincial Gendarme Department commented on the development of the Ukrainian movement in Kharkiv in 1912. ; У статті розкрито питання створення і діяльності Українського літературно-художнього і етнографічного товариства імені Григорія Квітки-Основ'яненка в Харкові у 1912–1916 рр. Проаналізовано, як змінювалися напрями діяльності та склад членів товариства. Розкрито значення товариства як осередку українського культурно-політичного життя Харкова.Публікується документ про діяльність українських організацій у Харкові напередодні революції.

The article discovers the circumstances of creation and activity of Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko Society in Kharkiv in 1912–1916.The article analyzes the political situation in Kharkiv before the WWI and the Revolution. It stresses the meaning of the Society in the formation of national consciousness and crystallization of views of those who supported the direction of Ukrainian independent political movement. The documents of the Gendarmerie and the Department for Protecting the Public Security and Order (Okhranka), which are kept in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv, have been used for writing the article.This paper discloses first events organized by the Society. In particular, there was an attempt of creating the Ukrainian theatre in Kharkiv, which was not realized due to the lack of resources. Before the WWI, the Society worked as a literary and art club, organized musical, dance, and literary evenings. The role of Mykola Mikhnovskyi and Hnat Khotkevych for development of the Society was huge. With the beginning of WWI, the Society's members manifested their pro-Ukrainian position more often. In 1915, the most politically active youth of the town, which was united by the Ukrainian Student Community (Hromada), joined the Society. At this time, the Society became the place to present lections in Ukrainian history, exchange the experience about the organization of Ukrainian school and cultural life with people from Galicia. The meetings were dedicated not only to literature and art but also to the question of the political future of Ukrainians. This was obvious also for the police of tsarist Russia. They organized searches and arrests of Ukrainian activists in Kharkiv at 22 January 1916. Among the prosecuted were also the members of the Association. Hnat Khotkevych, one of the prominent figures of Society, was expelledoutside the Ukrainian lands. Despite the persecution, the Society continued its activity till 1916. However, the actions of its members increasingly radicalized. After the explosion of the February Revolution, political issues came to the forefront of the agenda. However, the importance of the Society for the development of the Ukrainian movement in Kharkiv before the Revolution cannot be overestimated.The article attachment contains a document in which officials of the Kharkiv Provincial Gendarme Department commented on the development of the Ukrainian movement in Kharkiv in 1912. ; У статті розкрито питання створення і діяльності Українського літературно-художнього і етнографічного товариства імені Григорія Квітки-Основ'яненка в Харкові у 1912–1916 рр. Проаналізовано, як змінювалися напрями діяльності та склад членів товариства. Розкрито значення товариства як осередку українського культурно-політичного життя Харкова.Публікується документ про діяльність українських організацій у Харкові напередодні революції.

The article discovers the circumstances of creation and activity of Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko Society in Kharkiv in 1912–1916.The article analyzes the political situation in Kharkiv before the WWI and the Revolution. It stresses the meaning of the Society in the formation of national consciousness and crystallization of views of those who supported the direction of Ukrainian independent political movement. The documents of the Gendarmerie and the Department for Protecting the Public Security and Order (Okhranka), which are kept in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv, have been used for writing the article.This paper discloses first events organized by the Society. In particular, there was an attempt of creating the Ukrainian theatre in Kharkiv, which was not realized due to the lack of resources. Before the WWI, the Society worked as a literary and art club, organized musical, dance, and literary evenings. The role of Mykola Mikhnovskyi and Hnat Khotkevych for development of the Society was huge. With the beginning of WWI, the Society's members manifested their pro-Ukrainian position more often. In 1915, the most politically active youth of the town, which was united by the Ukrainian Student Community (Hromada), joined the Society. At this time, the Society became the place to present lections in Ukrainian history, exchange the experience about the organization of Ukrainian school and cultural life with people from Galicia. The meetings were dedicated not only to literature and art but also to the question of the political future of Ukrainians. This was obvious also for the police of tsarist Russia. They organized searches and arrests of Ukrainian activists in Kharkiv at 22 January 1916. Among the prosecuted were also the members of the Association. Hnat Khotkevych, one of the prominent figures of Society, was expelledoutside the Ukrainian lands. Despite the persecution, the Society continued its activity till 1916. However, the actions of its members increasingly radicalized. After the explosion of the February Revolution, political issues came to the forefront of the agenda. However, the importance of the Society for the development of the Ukrainian movement in Kharkiv before the Revolution cannot be overestimated.The article attachment contains a document in which officials of the Kharkiv Provincial Gendarme Department commented on the development of the Ukrainian movement in Kharkiv in 1912. ; У статті розкрито питання створення і діяльності Українського літературно-художнього і етнографічного товариства імені Григорія Квітки-Основ'яненка в Харкові у 1912–1916 рр. Проаналізовано, як змінювалися напрями діяльності та склад членів товариства. Розкрито значення товариства як осередку українського культурно-політичного життя Харкова.Публікується документ про діяльність українських організацій у Харкові напередодні революції.

The presented research provides a comprehensive analysis of the main periods of pedagogical activity of Myron Korduba (1876–1947), the prominent Ukrainian scientist in the fields of History, Geography and Bibliography, as well as a public and political figure in the context of educational and cultural processes that took place in Ukraine in the first half of the twentieth century. The main achievements of the scientist and educator include writing and publishing textbooks and lecture courses, in particular, "Paintings from World History for Folk and Special Schools", "Methodology of History", "History of the Western Slavs in the Age of Peremyslid and Piast", "History of the Galicia-Volyn Principality", "Lectures on the History of Ukraine, given at the University of Warsaw" and others. The peculiarities of M. Korduba's pedagogical activity in accordance with the main milestones of his life have been analyzed. As a teacher and organizer of educational activities, the scientist worked in secondary and higher schools of Austria-Hungary, the Second Commonwealth and the USSR, in particular, in the second state gymnasium in Chernivtsi, Ukrainian Secret University, Warsaw University, Ukrainian gymnasium in Kholm, the second and the first Ukrainian gymnasiums in Lviv, and in Lviv University, where he had been the Head of the Department of the Southern and Western Slavs. The contribution of M. Korduba to the teaching of historical disciplines and popularization of Ukrainian-language education among the population of Bukovina and Galicia, as well as his teaching methodology, which was based on interdisciplinary links and source processing, has been clarified. It has been proved that M. Korduba had done a significant contribution to the development of modern Ukrainian schooling; and his role in the cultural and educational processes of Bukovina and Galicia in the first half of the twentieth century, especially that of an organizer of higher education in those regions has been outlined. ; Здійснено комплексний аналіз ...

The presented research provides a comprehensive analysis of the main periods of pedagogical activity of Myron Korduba (1876–1947), the prominent Ukrainian scientist in the fields of History, Geography and Bibliography, as well as a public and political figure in the context of educational and cultural processes that took place in Ukraine in the first half of the twentieth century. The main achievements of the scientist and educator include writing and publishing textbooks and lecture courses, in particular, "Paintings from World History for Folk and Special Schools", "Methodology of History", "History of the Western Slavs in the Age of Peremyslid and Piast", "History of the Galicia-Volyn Principality", "Lectures on the History of Ukraine, given at the University of Warsaw" and others. The peculiarities of M. Korduba's pedagogical activity in accordance with the main milestones of his life have been analyzed. As a teacher and organizer of educational activities, the scientist worked in secondary and higher schools of Austria-Hungary, the Second Commonwealth and the USSR, in particular, in the second state gymnasium in Chernivtsi, Ukrainian Secret University, Warsaw University, Ukrainian gymnasium in Kholm, the second and the first Ukrainian gymnasiums in Lviv, and in Lviv University, where he had been the Head of the Department of the Southern and Western Slavs. The contribution of M. Korduba to the teaching of historical disciplines and popularization of Ukrainian-language education among the population of Bukovina and Galicia, as well as his teaching methodology, which was based on interdisciplinary links and source processing, has been clarified. It has been proved that M. Korduba had done a significant contribution to the development of modern Ukrainian schooling; and his role in the cultural and educational processes of Bukovina and Galicia in the first half of the twentieth century, especially that of an organizer of higher education in those regions has been outlined. ; Здійснено комплексний аналіз основних періодів педагогічної діяльності видатного українського вченого-історика, географа, бібліографа й громадсько-політичного діяча Мирона Кордуби (1876–1947) у контексті освітньо-культурних процесів, що відбувались на українських землях у першій половині ХХ ст. Окреслено головні здобутки вченого і педагога у написанні й виданні навчальних підручників та курсів лекцій, зокрема, «Картини із Всесвітньої історії для народних і виділових шкіл», «Методологія історії», «Історія західних слов'ян в добі Перемислидів і П'ястів», «Історія Галицько-Волинського князівства», «Лекції з історії України, прочитані у Варшавському університеті» та ін. Проаналізовано особливості педагогічної діяльності М.Кордуби відповідно до основних віх його життя. Як педагог й організатор навчально-освітньої діяльності учений працював у середніх та вищих школах Австро-Угорщини, Другої Речі Посполитої та УРСР, зокрема, у другій державній гімназії у Чернівцях, Українському таємному університеті, Варшавському університеті, українській гімназії у м. Холмі, другій та першій українських гімназіях у Львові, а також Львівському університеті, де очолював кафедру південних і західних слов'ян. З'ясовано внесок М. Кордуби у викладання історичних дисциплін, популяризацію україномовної освіти серед населення Буковини й Галичини. Висвітлено його методологію навчання, котра базувалась на міжпредметних зв'язках та роботі з джерелами. Доведено, що М.Кордуба здійснив вагомий внесок у розвиток новітнього українського шкільництва, окреслено його роль як організатора вищої школи та у культурно-освітніх процесах Буковини та Галичини першої половини ХХ ст.

The presented research provides a comprehensive analysis of the main periods of pedagogical activity of Myron Korduba (1876–1947), the prominent Ukrainian scientist in the fields of History, Geography and Bibliography, as well as a public and political figure in the context of educational and cultural processes that took place in Ukraine in the first half of the twentieth century. The main achievements of the scientist and educator include writing and publishing textbooks and lecture courses, in particular, "Paintings from World History for Folk and Special Schools", "Methodology of History", "History of the Western Slavs in the Age of Peremyslid and Piast", "History of the Galicia-Volyn Principality", "Lectures on the History of Ukraine, given at the University of Warsaw" and others. The peculiarities of M. Korduba's pedagogical activity in accordance with the main milestones of his life have been analyzed. As a teacher and organizer of educational activities, the scientist worked in secondary and higher schools of Austria-Hungary, the Second Commonwealth and the USSR, in particular, in the second state gymnasium in Chernivtsi, Ukrainian Secret University, Warsaw University, Ukrainian gymnasium in Kholm, the second and the first Ukrainian gymnasiums in Lviv, and in Lviv University, where he had been the Head of the Department of the Southern and Western Slavs. The contribution of M. Korduba to the teaching of historical disciplines and popularization of Ukrainian-language education among the population of Bukovina and Galicia, as well as his teaching methodology, which was based on interdisciplinary links and source processing, has been clarified. It has been proved that M. Korduba had done a significant contribution to the development of modern Ukrainian schooling; and his role in the cultural and educational processes of Bukovina and Galicia in the first half of the twentieth century, especially that of an organizer of higher education in those regions has been outlined. ; Здійснено комплексний аналіз основних періодів педагогічної діяльності видатного українського вченого-історика, географа, бібліографа й громадсько-політичного діяча Мирона Кордуби (1876–1947) у контексті освітньо-культурних процесів, що відбувались на українських землях у першій половині ХХ ст. Окреслено головні здобутки вченого і педагога у написанні й виданні навчальних підручників та курсів лекцій, зокрема, «Картини із Всесвітньої історії для народних і виділових шкіл», «Методологія історії», «Історія західних слов'ян в добі Перемислидів і П'ястів», «Історія Галицько-Волинського князівства», «Лекції з історії України, прочитані у Варшавському університеті» та ін. Проаналізовано особливості педагогічної діяльності М.Кордуби відповідно до основних віх його життя. Як педагог й організатор навчально-освітньої діяльності учений працював у середніх та вищих школах Австро-Угорщини, Другої Речі Посполитої та УРСР, зокрема, у другій державній гімназії у Чернівцях, Українському таємному університеті, Варшавському університеті, українській гімназії у м. Холмі, другій та першій українських гімназіях у Львові, а також Львівському університеті, де очолював кафедру південних і західних слов'ян. З'ясовано внесок М. Кордуби у викладання історичних дисциплін, популяризацію україномовної освіти серед населення Буковини й Галичини. Висвітлено його методологію навчання, котра базувалась на міжпредметних зв'язках та роботі з джерелами. Доведено, що М.Кордуба здійснив вагомий внесок у розвиток новітнього українського шкільництва, окреслено його роль як організатора вищої школи та у культурно-освітніх процесах Буковини та Галичини першої половини ХХ ст.

The paper presents a historiographical overview of the process of development and improvement of the material and technical basis of agriculture in Ukraine during the period of Khrushchev Thaw. A number of aspects related to the nature of the reform of agriculture in general are analyzed. The complex and rather contradictory nature of the implementation of a large-scale campaign of MTS (machine tractor station) liquidation and the hasty and widespread sale of their machinery to the collective farms is shown. The influence of material and technical innovations in the agrarian sector of the economy on the organization of work in agriculture is shown. It is found out that those changes took place in parallel with a certain democratization of socio-political life in the country. The author claims that this caused quite significant changes in the Ukraine population social sphere of life in general and especially in the rural areas. It is concluded that the analysis of modern historiography devoted to the material security of Ukrainian village of the Thaw time, makes it possible to assert that the pressing problem of material and technical security of the Ukrainian village of Khrushchev period was a striking imbalance in prices for agricultural and industrial products. Established merely administratively, they became a financial burden for the collective farms, which had to pay the debts for the machinery received from liquidated MTS. Farming machines sold to them became an essential source of receipts for the state, which then were returning to collective farmers in the form of wages. However, the quality of the machinery itself did not allow to improve the efficiency of agricultural work significantly, and, consequently, to increase properly the agricultural output and reduce its cost. ; У статті подано історіографічний огляд висвітлення процесу розвитку та вдосконалення матеріально-технічної бази сільського господарства України періоду «хрущовської» відлиги. Проаналізовано низку аспектів, що стосуються характеру реформування сільського господарства у цілому. Висвітлено складний і доволі суперечливий характер реалізації масштабної кампанії ліквідації МТС ы поспішного та повсюдного продажу їх техніки колгоспам. Показано вплив матеріально-технічних нововведень в аграрному секторі економіки на характер праці у сільському господарстві. З'ясовано, що ці зміни відбувались паралельно із певною демократизацією суспільно-політичного життя у країні. Проголошено, що це спричинило доволі значні зміни у соціальній сфері життя населення України в цілому й особливо на селі.

Formulation of the problem. Hitherto little-known parts of the life, pedagogical, architectural, construction and creative activities of the famous Ukrainian public figure I.M. Truby(1878−1950), the chronology of his work in the field of creativity, the time of the has been clarified. Scientific activity in Poltava. Added his scientific publications and their analysis, pedagogical and creative activity as a scientist Analyzed his first scientific work devoted to the economic feasibility of the Society for Mutual Fire Insurance. Given its strategic assessment the significance of this work of the author for the state, as a scientist and statesman. Moving to Yekaterinoslav. Participation in "Prosvita" ("Enlightenment"). Work in the field of education. Work in the Office of the Catherine Railway as an engineer. The difficulties of the struggle for life space are described, despite the innate abilities and willpower to achieve the set goal. Help of like-minded people on a common path to a "bright future" his thoughtfulness has been honed. Economist, structure-creator of an organization, an enterprise. The purpose of the article is to supplement the compiled monograph on the life and work of I.M. Truby. Conclusions. The significance of I.M. Truby in the development of education in the Katerinoslav (now Dnieper) region is highlighted. It is known that during the Bolshevik regime, in his homeland, Ivan Truba was considered an enemy of the people (which was not specified), as a Ukrainian bourgeois nationalist. And therefore, all his activities were given political anathema. Archival materials have been studied and analyzed, on the basis of which the conclusion is drawn − the significance of I.M. Truba is manifested as a person, a citizen is a patriot, namely of the Ukrainian people. The activities of Ivan Mikhailovich during his life were marked by their versatility, namely: pedagogicalism, enlightenment, political, cultural and social activities, national patriotism, writing, scientific creativity. ; Постановка ...

There is presented social and political situation inUkraineat the end of the XIXth century. It is established that one of the founders of the Ukrainian school of art criticism was G. Pavlutskiy. There is viewed the historiography of the investigation namely works by N. Krasnitskaya, V. Afanasieva, O. Storchaiy, N. Nimenko,E. Kolesnik, A. Puchkov, O. Denisenko, I. Udris and others.It is established that G. Pavlutskiy was born on the 19th of January1861 inKiev, he was graduated from the University by St. Vladimir. He got his Doctor's degree in the theory and history of Art inDortmundUniversityin some time.There is characterized the scientific heritage by G. Pavlutskiy, which can be divided into three parts: antique art (especially architecture), Ukrainian art (mainly architecture), world and modern art (from antique to new futurism). There established that his first student publication "Kornelia Tacita "Dialogue about the orators: To the question of authors "Talks about orators" saw the world on the pages of "University bulletin".There is analyzed the pedeagogical activity by G. Pavlutskiy inKievschool of art by M. Murashka andKievUniversityby St. Vladimir. There is established that the subjects that were delivered by the scientist: the course of antique culture was enriched with the lectures from Byzantine Empire and Europe history of Middle Ages and Renaissance epochs, Russian and neoclassic art as well as national art of Ukraine.It is proved that inKievUniversity G. Pavlutskiy became the first representative of the university science, who basing on his knowledge and experience fully concentrated scientific interests on the investigation of Ukrainian image formation.There presented an active participation of the scientist in the work of the ХІ Archaeological Congress inKiev. It is established that from this time the sphere of the researcher's scientific interests is enlarging cardinally and Ukrainian architecture becomes the basic topic of his scientific works, especially wooden church architecture. It's marked that the researcher investigated and analyzed the objects of churches inKiev,Cherkassy, Volinji and Podilya in the ХVІІ at the beginning of the ХІХ centuries. Among them wooden and stone sacral buildings in Vinnitsya, Polonogo, Chudunov, Tripillija, Tarasha and many other Ukrainian cities and villages.It is marked that G. Pavlutskiy was involved into the work of writing multivolumed "The History of Russian Art" where his article "Evolution of Byzantia forms in Kiev and Chernigiv Rus" was published and the part which was dedicated to the Ukrainian architecture of the ХVІІ – ХVІІІ centuries, which the author named "Baroque of Ukraine".It is proved that G. Pavlutskiy logically reflects the point that international styles, especially Byzantine and Baroque styles, getting into the cultural surrounding of east Europe, were reconsidered by local masters in national spirits, the result of which were cultural and artistic facts.It is established that the researcher showed some interest to the history of Byzantine art: he highlighted a great role ofConstantinoplein the process of creative synthesizing of different methods and ways worked out in the art schools of Christian East, late antiquity which laid down the foundations of original Byzantine style. It is shown that the attitude of G. Pavlutskiy to modern art processes namely cubism and new futurism.There characterized the participation of G. Pavlutskiy in the work of many public organizations of scientific, cultural and public trends: Historical Association of Nestor's Chronicles, Moscow Archeological Association, Kiev Artists' Association, the Association of Ukrainian plastic workers.There viewed the activity by G. Pavlutskiy in the organization of Ukrainian national and cultural establishments and High Schools, namely The Ukrainian Academy of Art, The Ukrainian National University, Kiev State University, historical and philology department of Ukrainian Academy of Science. It is marked the scientist's activity concerning the adaptation of Ukrainian language into the sphere of High Education.There showed the scientist's work which was done for the sake of preserving ancient memorials ofUkraineand returning to the cultural values, especially formRussiatoUkraine. It is marked that G. Pavlutskiy as a member of interdepartmental "Cultural commission under Ukrainian World delegation" called for transmission toUkrainenot only cultural and historical memorials but also general cultural acquisitions of Russian Empire which were made by common labour of all nations.There established that G. Pavlutskiy died on the 15th of March 1924 when he was64 inKiev. There characterized his latest work, which was dedicated to the investigation of history of Ukrainian ornament that was published in 1926. There defined the structure of the work: the author after general description of the early period of the Ukrainian ornament in a separate parts views "feral ornament", "geometrical ornament", "ornament of the Renaissance" and adds that the material finishes at the ХVІІІ century.There also viewed G. Pavlutskiy's contribution into the establishment and the development of the domestic art criticism. It is marked some interest not only for contemporary researches but also for all nationally oriented successors as a unique example of service to the concern of universal values. ; В статье рассматривается жизненный и творческий путь выдающегося украинского искусствоведа Г. Павлуцкого. Освещены основные направления научной и преподавательской деятельности ученого, его способствование развитию национального образования в Украине. Установлены приоритетные направления его общественной работы в культурологическом пространстве Украины, основные научные идеи освещенные в наиболее значительных работах. Доказан значительный вклад исследователя в развитие отечественного искусствоведения. ; У статті розглядається життєвий та творчий шлях українського мистецтвознавця Г. Павлуцького. Висвітлено основні напрямки наукової та викладацької діяльності вченого, його сприяння розвитку національної освіти в Україні. Встановлено пріоритетні спрямування його громадської роботи в культурологічному просторі України, основні наукові ідеї висвітлені у найбільш значущих працях. Доведено значний внесок дослідника у розвиток вітчизняного мистецтвознавства.

The article analyzes the theatrical activity of Greek Catholic Theological Seminary in Lviv in 1794–1848, points out the basic principles of teaching the performing arts of seminarians, indicates the then socio-political conditions in which the formation of the Greek Catholic Theological Seminary in Lviv late XVIII first half of the XIX century. The prominent figures that developed their artistic abilities during their studies at the seminary and played an important role in the development of the Ukrainian professional theater in Galicia are named. Since its establishment in 1873 and till the start of the democratic revolution in the Austrian Empire in 1848, the Greek-Catholic Seminary in Lviv appeared to be at the core of shaping and developing of the artistic tendencies among the nationally conscious Ukrainian youth. Additionally, it happened to be an epicenter of the National Revival, a home for the "Ruthenian Triad" and, in the course of time, the alma mater of the Ukrainian dramaturgy. The dramatic arts' inception found its beginning in 1874 when F. Bogomolets' play in Polish was put on a performance. Under the guidance of A. Angelovich, the seminarists have been working on learning Ukrainian language, exploring songs and rites. Meanwhile, until 1797, they have been leading a dynamic theatrical life in the Seminary, the key manifestation of which may be found in various scenes staged throughout the holy tides. After the lull, which lasted for more than three decades, the Greek Catholic Theological Seminary in Lviv revived its performances in 1829. Despite the difficult livelihood and the fact, that the cholera epidemic has arisen in Galicia exactly at a time, even despite the strict disciplinary procedures imposed by the leadership, i. a. the rector S. Telikhovskiy, the seminarians continued reciting the improvised dialogues clandestinely, while recording and examining folk, translating and writing plays. Being in the middle of the European history along with the uprising of 1848, christened as the "Spring of Nations", for the first time the Seminary's students have performed a play in Ukrainian language, namely – Ruthenian Wedding by J. Lozynskiy. That same year in Kolomyia I. Ozarkevych performed his "Girl To Be Married, or Endearment Cannot Be Forced", originally based on I. Kotlyarevskiy's play "Natalka Poltavka". Alas, there were sixteen more difficult years prior to establishment of the first Ukrainian professional theater in Galicia. Yet, the nationally oriented effort by rectors A. Angelovich and G. Yakhimovich contributed to raising a few generations involved in the emergence, as well as further promotion of the Ukrainian theater in Galicia. ; У статті проаналізовано театральну діяльність у стінах Львівської духовної семінарії греко-католицького обряду в 1794–1848 рр., зазначено тогочасні суспільно-політичні умови, в яких перебувала освіта греко-католицької семінарії у Львові кінця XVIII першої половини ХІХ ст. Вказано на основні принципи естетичного виховання семінаристів засобами сценічного мистецтва. Названо видатні постаті, які під час навчання в семінарії розвинули свої мистецькі здібності та відіграли важливу роль у розвитку українського професійного театру в Галичині.

The article analyzes the theatrical activity of Greek Catholic Theological Seminary in Lviv in 1794–1848, points out the basic principles of teaching the performing arts of seminarians, indicates the then socio-political conditions in which the formation of the Greek Catholic Theological Seminary in Lviv late XVIII first half of the XIX century. The prominent figures that developed their artistic abilities during their studies at the seminary and played an important role in the development of the Ukrainian professional theater in Galicia are named. Since its establishment in 1873 and till the start of the democratic revolution in the Austrian Empire in 1848, the Greek-Catholic Seminary in Lviv appeared to be at the core of shaping and developing of the artistic tendencies among the nationally conscious Ukrainian youth. Additionally, it happened to be an epicenter of the National Revival, a home for the "Ruthenian Triad" and, in the course of time, the alma mater of the Ukrainian dramaturgy. The dramatic arts' inception found its beginning in 1874 when F. Bogomolets' play in Polish was put on a performance. Under the guidance of A. Angelovich, the seminarists have been working on learning Ukrainian language, exploring songs and rites. Meanwhile, until 1797, they have been leading a dynamic theatrical life in the Seminary, the key manifestation of which may be found in various scenes staged throughout the holy tides. After the lull, which lasted for more than three decades, the Greek Catholic Theological Seminary in Lviv revived its performances in 1829. Despite the difficult livelihood and the fact, that the cholera epidemic has arisen in Galicia exactly at a time, even despite the strict disciplinary procedures imposed by the leadership, i. a. the rector S. Telikhovskiy, the seminarians continued reciting the improvised dialogues clandestinely, while recording and examining folk, translating and writing plays. Being in the middle of the European history along with the uprising of 1848, christened as the "Spring of Nations", for the first time the Seminary's students have performed a play in Ukrainian language, namely – Ruthenian Wedding by J. Lozynskiy. That same year in Kolomyia I. Ozarkevych performed his "Girl To Be Married, or Endearment Cannot Be Forced", originally based on I. Kotlyarevskiy's play "Natalka Poltavka". Alas, there were sixteen more difficult years prior to establishment of the first Ukrainian professional theater in Galicia. Yet, the nationally oriented effort by rectors A. Angelovich and G. Yakhimovich contributed to raising a few generations involved in the emergence, as well as further promotion of the Ukrainian theater in Galicia. ; У статті проаналізовано театральну діяльність у стінах Львівської духовної семінарії греко-католицького обряду в 1794–1848 рр., зазначено тогочасні суспільно-політичні умови, в яких перебувала освіта греко-католицької семінарії у Львові кінця XVIII першої половини ХІХ ст. Вказано на основні принципи естетичного виховання семінаристів засобами сценічного мистецтва. Названо видатні постаті, які під час навчання в семінарії розвинули свої мистецькі здібності та відіграли важливу роль у розвитку українського професійного театру в Галичині.