Abstract This article explores how the Islamic elegiac genre of marthiya can shed new light on the social and cultural history of the Muslims of Russia's Volga-Ural region in the late imperial period (1870s-1917). The marthiyas enjoyed great popularity across geographical, ethnic, and factional lines as a medium for asserting and affirming social bonds and expressing collective identities. Volga-Ural marthiyas reveal the links between Sufism and Tatar national history-writing, demonstrate the interrelation between Sufi literature and Muslim revolutionary culture, and point to historical figures and groups that were left out of the evolving Tatar national historiography.
This research is motivated by the existence of colonial influences in the archipelago which are still imprinted on people's lives, to the literary works created. In the theory coined by Gayatri Spivak, it is known as subaltern, namely groups that are victims of marginalization and hegemony from groups in power and do not have access to voice. Based on this background, this study aims to describe various forms of impoverishment, violent behavior both physically and psychologically as well as in subaltern groups, employer hegemony and resistance from subalterns in the novel promise, love and live. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection through observation, documentation, instruments in the form of a check list table. The data analysis technique is by reviewing Gayatri Spivak's postcolonial theory in the markers of subalterns and their forms of resistance. The results of this study that the subalterns in the novel Promis, Love and Life are depicted from the character of Dewi who is never voiced and the resistance that is carried out is a tangible form that the subaltern cannot voice his opinion and is represented by certain groups with an attitude of submission to God, enthusiasm and writing skills are form of resistance that can be done. Dewanti as a form of resistance also describes the form of political ideology, so that in fact the subaltern has never been represented by its voice.
Ripping in -- Education -- Against the river -- The road to Kama Daka -- Bread and television -- To fling forward in a certain way -- Playing zombies -- Rhino snot -- On counterinsurgency -- American background -- The trouble with ceremony -- The case for Zakir.
In the first part of the essay, the author presents a sketch of the life and works of Rev. Józef Kruszyński, the Rector of the Catholic University of Lublin. In the second part, she analyzes Kruszyński's anti-Jewish writings, collected in the series "From the Field of Judeology", against the backdrop of his broad literary work, most of which was made up by his original translations (including his translation of books of the Old Testament from Hebrew into Polish) and publications focused on the study of the Bible. Finally, the author retraces and examines the emergence of Kruszyński's anti-Jewish views.
The analysis of Pasolini's political writings can help us define the impact his thought had in his time. This impact is an example of the role the intellectual can play as a critical consciousness actor of his time and this example presupposes the search of a theoretical frame in which the intellectual evolves in a world that is dominated by the power of mass media and their ability to equalize the opinion and even the thought. In a society where the intellectual is mainly a scholar who stands out in the public field that is ruled by the mass media and especially the TV, it may be interesting to come back to the birth of thiscivilisation before the image-ruled society outclassed the word-ruled one. Pasolini feels, analyses and criticises this evolution : he could see how dangerous it was and also knew howto exploit its forces, what makes his legacy topical. Being an outcast, a pariah in the Italian cultural world of that time enables him to have an external point of view on his world , yet, his controversial and heretical discourse made his subjectivity prevail. The pitiless and critical eye he had on the world and himself develops in his political writings according to three main themes that are also representative of his many-faceted personality : his passion for pedagogy, his sensitivity for the artistic shape and his socio-political commitment. ; L'analyse des écrits politiques de Pasolini peut nous aider à définir l'impact que sa pensée a eu sur son époque. Cet impact est un exemple du rôle que l'intellectuel peut jouer comme conscience critique de son temps, et cet exemple présuppose la recherche d'un cadre théorique où situer l'intellectuel dans un monde dominé par la puissance des médias et leur capacité à niveler l'opinion et même la pensée. Dans une société où l'intellectuel est essentiellement un clerc qui domine l'espace public défini par les mass-médias et surtout par la télévision, il peut être utile de revenir à la naissance de cette civilisation, avant que la société de l'image prenne le pas sur ...
[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; summary in English] The surviving private writings and egodocuments of Julija Žymantienė-Žemaitė (1845–1921), a classic of Lithuanian literature, are rather numerous. The writer wrote her autobiography, which does not cover her whole life; it describes the period up to the beginning of her creative path, around 1892, but this autobiographical work provides plenty of facts from her life: the noble descent of her parents, the writer's childhood, youth, first studies, marriage, troubles of marital life, her thirst for reading and education. Where the autobiography ends, Žemaitė's autobiographic stories can help us recreate her life, i.e. Pasiklausymai (Overhearings), Iš mano atsiminimų (From My Memories), Iš baudžiavos laikų (From the Times of Serfdom), Pirmieji mano žingsniai (My First Steps), Kalėjime (In Prison), etc. Her piece of writing Povilas Višinskis created in America in 1916 where Žemaitė recalls her first creative steps is especially important. A separate group of egodocuments – Žemaitė's letters to Povilas Višinskis (1875–1906), a journalist, literary critic and the writer's neighbour – can be distinguished. Over 70 letters survived to our days. The letters reveal the very beginning of her creative work, its twists and turns and the writer's doubts when she sent nearly every short story or play she wrote to her young friend expecting his criticism or approval. Her later letters exhibit self-confidence, versatile personality development. Žemaitė's letters to her dear friend and beloved person Konstantinas Petrauskas (1878–1947) make up yet another group of egodocuments. Whereas the letters to Višinskis focus on creative work, love prevails in this case. Žemaitė wrote over 60 letters to Petrauskas during the period 1911–1921. Their correspondence displays Žemaitė's late love and its vitality rendering special shades and traits to her personality as well as provides a broad panorama of the political and cultural life of Vilnius in 1911–1915. ; [straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba] Julijos Žymantienės-Žemaitės (1845–1921) privačiosios raštijos ir egodokumentų išliko gana daug. Paminėtina autobiografija, apimanti laikotarpį iki kūrybinio kelio pradžios 1892 metais, kurioje atsiskleidžia bajoriška tėvų kilmė, pirmi rašytojos mokslai, šeimyninio gyvenimo sunkumai, troškimas šviestis. Vėliau Žemaitės gyvenimą padeda atkurti autobiografiniai pasakojimai "Pasiklausymai", "Iš mano atsiminimų", "Iš baudžiavos laikų", "Pirmieji mano žingsniai", "Kalėjime", taip pat rašinys "Povilas Višinskis" (1916 m.), kuriame prisimenami pirmieji kūrybiniai žingsniai. Kaip atskirą egodokumentų grupę galima išskirti Žemaitės laiškus spaudos darbuotojui, literatūros kritikui Povilui Višinskiui (1875–1906, išliko daugiau nei 70 laiškų), taip pat artimam bičiuliui Konstantinui Petrauskui (1878–1947, išliko daugiau kaip 60 laiškų). Laiškuose P. Višinskiui ryškėja kūrybos vingiai, abejonės, asmenybės formavimasis, laukiama kūrybos mėginimų kritikos ar pritarimo tam. O štai svarbiausia laiškų K. Petrauskui tema yra meilė, atskleidžianti šio vėlyvo rašytojos jausmo gyvybingumą, suteikianti asmenybei ypatingų spalvų ir bruožų. Be to, laiškai plačiai atveria 1911–1915 metų politinio ir kultūrinio Vilniaus gyvenimo foną.
The main dominants of journalistic education are distinguished from the scientific articles of Ivan Franko - ideological, communicative, and emotive. The vector of Ivan Franko's journalistic activity has always been aimed at the spiritual mobilization of the people and their orientation in social and political coordinates, that is, the ideological dominant of any journalistic speech. The main feature of any journalistic material is its connection with the political and cultural life of the society, its relevance and efficiency, response to political events, polemics, press discussions of topical socio-political and other issues, influence on public opinion. The communicative dominant is objective, honest, operative information, solidarity of society based on universal and national ideals, tolerance to dissenters, love for truth, moral and ethical influence on the public, as well as attracting readers to discuss social problems, forming objective thoughts on the basis of journalistic materials, active participation in the public and political life of the people, making public debates on important economic, political or spiritual issues. Cooperation with Ukrainian, Polish, German-language publishing houses allowed Ivan Franko to highlight the emotional fields of cooperation between journalists and readers. The emotional dominant of the journalistic education provides the space of negative emotions and the space of positive emotions. The ideal communicative model of the «journalist-reader» interaction does not foresee the space of negative emotions. The main elements of Ivan Franko's journalistic skills, which are complexity, polemic, relevance, predictability, systemic, morality, and reasoning, were the practical embodiment of his theoretical postulates.Key words: Ivan Franko, journalist, reader, journalistic education, emotional dominant, communicative dominant, ideological dominant, journalism. ; У статті закцентовано увагу на трьох основних домінантах журналістської освіти – ідейній, комунікативній, емотивній, які виокремлено з публіцистики Івана Франка.Ключові слова: Іван Франко, журналістська освіта, емотивна домінанта, комунікативна домінанта, ідейна домінанта.
Abstract The literature of the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania constitutes the most important and richest part of their cultural heritage, as well as a lasting trace of Tatar settlements in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The literature that flourished during the spiritual revival of the Renaissance and Reformation somewhere in the seemingly God-forsaken, remote Eastern Borderlands has not been forgotten; on the contrary, it has been recognised as a unique phenomenon of great spiritual, literary and cultural value. This phenomenon manifests itself in the extraordinary combination of the Oriental Islamic culture and Christian culture, two components that appear to be mutually exclusive but are in fact in perfect harmony with each other, both in the life of society and in the literary works of Polish-Lithuanian Tatars. The paper is dedicated to literary manuscripts of the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, including their genesis at the background of the Tatar settlement in the territory of the Republic of Poland, characteristic features and typology of the manuscripts on the basis of the criteria of form and content. Furthermore, the author discusses the research areas, beginning with the description of the state of research on Tatar manuscripts from the point of view, through the characteristics of the current research on this matter, as well as reporting the institutions running and coordinating the interdisciplinary and international activities within the scope of the research, editing and popularization of the issues connected with the kitabistics.
Intro -- Contents -- Introduction. Writing the History of France's Marxisms (Ducange and Burlaud) -- Prologue. Karl Marx's France (Burlaud) -- Part 1. The Political Uses of Marx -- Chapter 1. The Socialists' Marx: The Guesde-Jaurès Moment (Ducange) -- Chapter 2. The Socialists' Marx: The Centenary of Marx's Birth, A Challenge for the SFIO (Huard) -- Chapter 3. The Socialists' Marx: The Blum Era (Hohl) -- Chapter 4. The Socialists' Marx: From Guy Mollet to the Present (Fulla) -- Chapter 5. The Communists' Marx: Karl Marx, Marxism and Marxism-Leninism, 1920-55 (Wolikow) -- Chapter 6. The Communists' Marx: A (Now-)Problematic Reference Point, 1956-2017 (Crézégut) -- Chapter 7. The Far Left's Marx: The Politicisation of a Scholarly Marxism (Massa) -- Part 2. Translating, Editing, and Publishing Marx -- Chapter 8. How to Translate Marx into French? (Fondu and Quétier) -- Chapter 9. PCF Publishing Houses and Marx in France, 1920-60: From Politics to Scholarship? (Bouju) -- Chapter 10. Marx's Works in the 'Bibliothèque de la Pléiade': A Paradoxical Legitimation (Le Moullec-Rieu) -- Chapter 11. A Golden Age for Marxist Publishing? The 1960s and 1970s (Hage) -- Part 3. Marx and the Social Sciences -- Chapter 12. Marxism and Rationalism in the French Social Sciences (1930-60) (Gouarné) -- Chapter 13. Marx's Peculiar Fate in French Economic Scholarship (Pouch) -- Chapter 14. Sociology and Marxism (Mauger) -- Chapter 15. Marx and French Historians (Dosse) -- Chapter 16. Marxism and Literary Criticism (Dumont, Fondu and Veron) -- Part 4. Theoretical Hybridisations -- Chapter 17. Marx and the Marxists, Children of France's Eighteenth Century? (Roza) -- Chapter 18. Marxism and Phenomenology in France (Feron) -- Chapter 19. The Structuralist Marx (Matonti) -- Chapter 20. Marx, an Avant-Gardist? (Thomas).
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The fin-de-siècle Afghan amir, 'Abd al-Rahman Khan (r. 1880–1901), is noted for many things, among which is the two-volume work The Life of Abdur Rahman, Amir of Afghanistan (1900), promoted by its editor, Sultan Mahomed Khan, and publisher as the amir's "autobiography." It was also said to have represented the amir's authentic views on numerous topics—royal succession, administrative and judicial organization, economic policy, Afghanistan's society, and the country's international relations. That the work contained autobiographical elements is beyond question. However, The Life of Abdur Rahman (henceforward The Life), drew only selectively on known autobiographical elements and omitted or distorted much of what it drew from its main source, a "book of advice" ( Pandnāmah-i dunya wa dīn). A great deal of the historiography relating to this formative period in Afghanistan, especially its relations with the Russian and British empires, is based not on the amir's own words but rather on those that Sultan Mahomed Khan put in his mouth and reflect the editor's and not the amir's thoughts. The Life has had a distorting effect on the historiography, both Euro-American and Afghan, of this period. The object here is to establish the autobiographical legacy of Amir 'Abd al-Rahman Khan; the writing and publication of The Life and its translations, its reception by critics and scholars, and thus its impact on the writing of Afghanistan's history. In a separate study, we deal in detail with Sultan Muhammad Khan's treatment of the most important autobiography of the amir's life up to his taking the throne in July 1880, his Pandnāmah-i dunyā wa dīn. 1
The analysis of Pasolini's political writings can help us define the impact his thought had in his time. This impact is an example of the role the intellectual can play as a critical consciousness actor of his time and this example presupposes the search of a theoretical frame in which the intellectual evolves in a world that is dominated by the power of mass media and their ability to equalize the opinion and even the thought. In a society where the intellectual is mainly a scholar who stands out in the public field that is ruled by the mass media and especially the TV, it may be interesting to come back to the birth of thiscivilisation before the image-ruled society outclassed the word-ruled one. Pasolini feels, analyses and criticises this evolution : he could see how dangerous it was and also knew howto exploit its forces, what makes his legacy topical. Being an outcast, a pariah in the Italian cultural world of that time enables him to have an external point of view on his world , yet, his controversial and heretical discourse made his subjectivity prevail. The pitiless and critical eye he had on the world and himself develops in his political writings according to three main themes that are also representative of his many-faceted personality : his passion for pedagogy, his sensitivity for the artistic shape and his socio-political commitment. ; L'analyse des écrits politiques de Pasolini peut nous aider à définir l'impact que sa pensée a eu sur son époque. Cet impact est un exemple du rôle que l'intellectuel peut jouer comme conscience critique de son temps, et cet exemple présuppose la recherche d'un cadre théorique où situer l'intellectuel dans un monde dominé par la puissance des médias et leur capacité à niveler l'opinion et même la pensée. Dans une société où l'intellectuel est essentiellement un clerc qui domine l'espace public défini par les mass-médias et surtout par la télévision, il peut être utile de revenir à la naissance de cette civilisation, avant que la société de l'image prenne le pas sur la société de la parole. Pasolini ressent, analyse et critique cette évolution : il en voyait les dangers et il savait aussi en exploiter les ressorts, ce qui rend actuel son héritage. Sa condition de marginal, de paria, dans la culture italienne de l'époque lui donne un point de vue extérieur sur son monde, mais sa subjectivité s'imposait par un discours polémique et hérétique. Son regard critique et sans compassion sur le monde et sur lui-même se déploie dans ses écrits politiques selon trois thèmes principaux qui sont aussi les facettes de sa personnalité : la passion pédagogique, la sensibilité à la forme artistique et l'engagement socio-politique.
Bioethics, Law, and Human Life Issues: A Catholic Perspective on Marriage, Family, Contraception, Abortion, Reproductive Technology, and Death and Dying draws on the Magisterial teaching of the Catholic Church to outline a Catholic response to a host of controversial issues related to human life. Scarnecchia lays out a Catholic moral theology based on the writings of Pope John Paul II and Thomas Aquinas, and he then applies those Christian moral principles to today's most contentious ethical issues, including reproductive technology, embryo adoption, contraception, abortion, family and same-se
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"The tragic story of the British airship R101-which went down in a spectacular hydrogen-fueled fireball in 1930, killing more people than died in the Hindenburg disaster seven years later-has been largely forgotten. In His Majesty's Airship, historian S.C. Gwynne resurrects it in vivid detail, telling the epic story of great ambition gone terribly wrong. Airships, those airborne leviathans that occupied center stage in the world in the first half of the twentieth century, were a symbol of the future. R101 was not just the largest aircraft ever to have flown and the product of the world's most advanced engineering-she was also the lynchpin of an imperial British scheme to link by air the far-flung areas of its empire from Australia to India, South Africa, Canada, Egypt, and Singapore. No one had ever conceived of anything like this. R101 captivated the world. There was just one problem: beyond the hype and technological wonders, these big, steel-framed, hydrogen-filled airships were a dangerously bad idea. Gwynne's chronicle features a cast of remarkable-and often tragically flawed-characters, including Lord Christopher Thomson, the man who dreamed up the Imperial Airship Scheme and then relentlessly pushed R101 to her destruction; Princess Marthe Bibesco, the celebrated writer and glamorous socialite with whom he had a long affair; and Herbert Scott, a national hero who had made the first double crossing of the Atlantic in any aircraft in 1919-eight years before Lindbergh's famous flight-but who devolved into drink and ruin. These historical figures-and the ship they built, flew, and crashed-come together in a grand tale that details the rocky road to commercial aviation written by one of the best popular historians writing today"--
Att skriva liv. Fakta, fiktion, feminism är både en inventering och en vidareutveckling av ett spirande forskningsfält i skärningspunkten mellan en rad olika ämnen. Life writing är ett samlingsbegrepp, än så länge utan etablerad svensk översättning. Det inbegriper, men går utöver, biografi, och avser livsberättande och livsberättelser i olika genrer och medier. Frågan om exakt hur detta omfattande men till sin karaktär hybridartade fält ska avgränsas förefaller därför mindre relevant än frågor om exempelvis hur, var, och med vilka konsekvenser berättandet tar sig uttryck. Bidragen i detta nummer har en stor spännvidd, vad gäller material, metod och teoretiska infallsvinklar. De medverkande skribenterna kommer från en rad olika discipliner. Bredden har fungerat som en urvalsprincip för att visa på life writing som ett i alla avseenden heterogent forskningsområde. Bidragen visar även på fältets utveckling av teoretiska och metodologiska aspekter. Även om övervägande del av de medverkande har sin ämnestillhörighet i litteraturvetenskap, representeras här också forskare från teaterstudier, konst- och bildvetenskap, sociologi, socialt arbete och historia. I detta heterogena material kan ett flertal, överlappande potentiella kluster skönjas, såsom plats, politik eller performativitet. I så måtto speglar innehållet fältets bredd eller, om en så vill: dess produktiva suddighet. Varje försöka att systematisera materialet genom att pressa in det i avgränsande kategorier skulle därför reducera det. De möjliga kopplingarna mellan såväl ämne som metod eller teori är nämligen många och ofta överlappande, beroende på vad som fokuseras – såsom ämne, tidsepok, genre, metod eller teori. Därför lämnar vi åt läsaren att lyfta fram samband och skapa egna kluster.
