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Abstract
Fake news texts often show clear signs of the deceptive nature; still, they are shared by many users on Facebook. What could be the reason for this? The paper tries to answer the question by collecting the linguistic and non-linguistic characteristics of fake news. Linguistic characteristics include among others the exaggerating, sensational title, the eye-catching, tabloid-style text, the correct or incorrect use of terms, and the fake URLs imitating real websites; non-linguistic characteristics are expressive pictures often featuring celebrities, the use of all caps, excessive punctuation, and spelling mistakes. The corpus was compiled using snowball sampling: manipulative news not originating from big news portals were collected from the social networking website Facebook. The aim of the study is to identify the characteristics of Hungarian fake news in comparison to the English ones and to elaborate a system of aspects which help identify fake news.

Abstract
The concept of muda has recently been used to name the specific biographical junctures where individuals enact significant changes in their linguistic repertoire. Given that the use of different linguistic varieties constitutes a resource to construct social categories and to evaluate an actor's claims to specific social identities, those who change their repertoire must deal with all the potential implications, namely how their social position to date may be affected. In this article, I explain how the notion of muda originated and how it has developed, and discuss how I believe that it can contribute to expand the purview of sociolinguistic research on multilingualism. I argue first that they provide an interesting angle from which to explore forms of agency through language. Secondly, I contend that muda makes time more visible in sociolinguistic processes. Finally, I show that these two aspects of mudes yield specific insights to address issues of linguistic legitimacy and their social consequences, particularly how linguistic capital participates in the construction of social difference and inequalities and, therefore, in the structuration of symbolic and economic markets.

Mobility, growing urbanization and increasingly complex ways of communication in today's world urge language teachers to develop an understanding of language as semiotic practice in social life and question the ideological underpinnings of language use in multilingual contexts. The article discusses how linguistic landscape research can help pre-service English language teachers engage in reflection on their own multi/plurilingual ecologies, challenge monolingual/monocultural language education policies and potentially move towards more inclusive pedagogical practices in their future teaching contexts. The article reports on the findings attained from a linguistic landscape research, comprising İstanbul-based photographic corpora of 300 visuals from the lens of 72 Turkish-speaking prospective teachers of English, their written reflections on self-gathered data and 7-hour audio recording of focus group interviews where the student teachers engaged in evidence-based and identity-sensitive discussion on the multilingual ecology of İstanbul. The paper concludes with a discussion of if, and to what extent self-reflection and dialogic engagement among prospective English language teachers on societal multilingualism, as anchored by critical reflexivity, contribute to professional identity development and offer future directions for linguistic landscape research in teacher education. ; Mobilität, zunehmende Urbanisierung und immer komplexer werdende Wege der Kommunikation in der heutigen Welt fordern Fremdsprachenlehrkrӓfte auf, ein Verständnis der Sprache als eine semiotische Gestaltung des sozialen Lebens zu entwickeln und die ideologischen Grundlagen des Sprachgebrauchs in mehrsprachigen Kontexten in Frage zu stellen. Der Artikel beschreibt, wie sprachliche Landschaftsforschung dazu beitragen kann, dass angehende Englischlehrkrӓfte über ihre eigenen mehr- bzw. vielsprachigen Wechselbeziehungen nachdenken und durch diesen Denkprozess die vorherrschende einsprachige bzw. monokulturelle Sprachenpolitik in Frage stellen, um in ihrem zukünftigen Unterrichtskontext integrativere pӓdagogische Praktiken zu entwickeln. Der Korpus der Untersuchung besteht aus 300 Fotografien, die die sprachliche Vielfalt der Stadt Istanbul visuell reprӓsentieren. Hierfür haben im Rahmen der sprachlichen Landschaftsforschung 72 angehende türkische Englischlehrkrӓfte Straßen- und Ladenschilder, Plakate, Leuchtreklamen usw. fotografiert und den Versuch unternommen, ihren Blick auf Sprache widerzuspiegeln. Dieser Korpus wurde zusätzlich durch die schriftlichen Reflexionen zu den Fotografien und einer 7-stündigen Audioaufnahme eines Fokusgruppeninterviews erweitert, in dem die Lehramtsstudierenden eine evidenzbasierte und identitätssensible Diskussion über die mehrsprachige Vielfalt der Stadt Istanbul führen. Abschließend wird in der Arbeit diskutiert, ob und inwieweit Selbstreflexion und dialogisches Engagement von angehenden Englischlehrkrӓften zur gesellschaftlichen Mehrsprachigkeit, die durch kritische Reflexivität verankert ist, zur beruflichen Identitätsentwicklung beitragen und zukünftige Richtungen für Arbeiten im Bereich der Sprachlandschaft in der Ausbildung von Fremdsprachenlehrkrӓften bieten kann. ; Peer Reviewed

This paper focuses on exploring the Hong Kong"s Linguistic Nationalism and localist linguistics movements, including First "Chinese" Movement from 1967 to 1970, Second "Chinese" Movement in 1978 in Hong Kong British- Colonial Governance and Anti-Putonghua, and Pro-Cantonese Movement from 2008 in HKSAR governance.

AbstractThis paper develops a concept of relational linguistic continuity as a new basis to defend the right to linguistic survival. Relational linguistic continuity refers to a condition whereby individuals may continuously form human relations and have social interactions with others with whom they share the language of origin or of socialisation. The paper proceeds as follows. Section 2 critically engages with two distinct arguments that tackle the issue of linguistic survival: one based on equality of autonomy and another based on equality of dignity. Then, I point out that both arguments are insufficient for a full‐fledged defence of linguistic survival. Section 3 develops a concept of relational linguistic continuity. I first introduce the seminal idea of linguistic security proposed by Leslie Green and Denise Réaume, which will be critically revised in order to develop my concept of relational linguistic continuity. I conclude with Section 4 by defending the right to linguistic survival and addressing potential criticisms. I argue that my concept of relational linguistic continuity successfully provides a basis to defend the right to linguistic survival.

Abstract
Although "crossing" as a new concept comes from Rampton's seminal work, this article argues that crossing defines linguistic communication in a perspective of process, act, and especially change. As a controlling principle for linguistic communication, it might be in a different way complementary to Husserl's shared sense, Habermas's reaching understanding, and Searle's shared intentionality. Crossing denotes changes in phase, sphere, and universe, characterizing the process of communication and having a meaningful value for continuing interpersonal relationship and reinforcing communicative competence. Crossing is also constitutive of communicative order both in monolingual contexts and in superdiversity multilingual settings. Against the backdrop of globalization, a new communicative order is being shaped in the reality of mobility and diversity. This new order of linguistic communication is characterized by dramatic code-switching, rhetorical mirror effect, and focus on linguistic medium. The mobility of human resources requires crossing to take creative strategies to achieve what monolingual crossing could not.

This volume brings together key writings since the 1992 publication of Linguistic Imperialism - Robert Phillipson's controversial benchmark volume, which triggered a major re-thinking of the English teaching profession by connecting the field to wider political and economic forces. Analyzing how the global dominance of English in all domains of power is maintained, legitimized and persists in the twenty-first century, Linguistic Imperialism Continued reflects and contributes in important ways to understanding these developments. This book is not for sale in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lan

Social workers may encounter three linguistic problem areas during interviews—language differences, labeling, and the clients' inability to articulate concerns

Rethinking Linguistic Relativity. John J. Gumperz and Stephen C. Levinson. eds. Studies in the Social and Cultural Foundations of Language, 17. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. 488 pp.

International audience This paper mainly focuses on the commitment of some Prague Linguistic Circle members (Mathesius, Havránek, Jakobson, Weingart, Mukařovský) during the years between the Two World Wars. The author particularly draws attention to their reactions to the purists' aggressive views published in the review Našeřeč and to the "1932 theses" (the principles according to which language should have been treated) they formulated in addition. ; Savina Raynaud est professeur de philosophie du langage à l'Université Catholique de Milan. Ses travaux portent sur la philosophie du langage, la sémantique, l'histoire et l'épistémologie des théories linguistiques. Dernière publication (2014) : « Un objet bipolaire, des épistémologies imbriquées. Langues et langage face aux techniques, aux arts, aux sciences, à la philosophie », in Les sciences du langage en Europe, Actes du colloque 2011 de l'ASL, Limoges, Lambert Lucas, p. 23-40 [ http://hdl/handle.net/10807/53738 ]. - Savina Raynaud is professor at the Catholic University of Milan. Her works are about Philosophy of language, Semantics, History and Epistemology of linguistic theories. Last publication (2014): "Un objet bipolaire, des épistémologies imbriquées. Langues et langage face aux techniques, aux arts, aux sciences, à la philosophie", in Les sciences du langage en Europe, Actes du colloque 2011 de l'ASL, Limoges, Lambert Lucas, p. 23-40 [ http://hdl/handle.net/10807/53738 ]. Le présent article traite de l'engagement de certains membres du Cercle Linguistique de Prague (Mathesius, Havránek, Jakobson, Weingart, Mukařovský) durant l'entre-deux-guerres. L'auteur attire particulièrement l'attention sur les réactions de ces membres aux thèses agressives publiées par des puristes dans la revue Našeřeč, ainsi que sur les « thèses de 1932 » (les principes selon lesquels la langue aurait dû être traitée) qu'ils formulèrent par ailleurs.

Particularly in societies built on ethnic foundations and where nationalism has been decisive for social cohesion, language is one of the strongest traits of identity. One of the most important traits of Romanianness – nationality – with its functional counterpart, i.e. Romanian as a national language, represents the core value around which other identity components gravitate. In this study I will show in general and in essential terms how it has come to linguistic Romanianness.