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Does a politician's appearance, visual representation, during a televised debate influence voters' evaluations of her performance? Does the listening context of the debate impact a voter's capacity to identify a clear winner? Are political sophistication & partisanship strong barriers to the potential effects of politicians' images on voters' evaluations of their performance? Adding a Canadian perspective to the ongoing theoretical debate on the actual impact of leaders' visual representation in televised debates on voter preferences, launched in 1960 by preliminary assesments of the first Kennedy-Nixon debate, this article presents data collected during an experiment conducted with a sample of Quebec voters during the broadcast of the French language leaders' debate of the 2000 Canadian federal election. The study shows that the leaders' visual representation during the debate & the listening context of the event bring voters to evaluate politicians participating in the broadcast differently & play on voters' capacity to easily identify a clear winner of the televised confrontation. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that partisanship is a strong barrier to the effect of visual representation in voters' evaluations of the leaders but that political sophistication, contrary to theoretical expectations, is not. Like verbal arguments brought forward by the politicians in a televised debate, their visual representation also carries information cues that help define voters' evaluations of the leaders participating in the broadcast. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.

During the 1990s, a new language emerged in French social policies: inequality-related problems were qualified as "exclusion," human consequences were interpreted in terms of "suffering" & responses were given through "listening sites." Rather than an objective transformation of the social world, this compassionate semantic configuration indicates the development of new moral sentiments supported by the work of social sciences & public administration. In this context, psychiatrists contributed through the recognition of psychic suffering as an autonomous entity & psychologists brought the necessary human resources for the realization of the task. However, the logics of psychiatrization & psychologization entered in a dialectical relationship with the opposite processes of de-psychiatrization & de-psychologization. Adapted from the source document.

Last December, Mohammed ElBaradei, Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), received the Nobel Peace Prize along with his organization. & yet, this diplomat who has fought for years against nuclear proliferation is hardly jumping for joy. The situation is critical, he explains in this exclusive interview. & this for several reasons: the international community will probably not stop Iran getting nuclear arms; the export control system can be thwarted using new technologies which significantly speed up proliferation; more & more states want to go nuclear; & the risk of terrorists getting hold of nuclear weapons continues to rise. Against this backdrop, it is crucial that the international community understand the danger. Alas, it seems not many are listening to Mohammed ElBaradei's warnings. Adapted from the source document.

Juvenile Ghosts

The body of oral tales staging the relationship between a boy and afterlife forms a "Great Story" in which he who is vowed to the Devil or to Death ends up by dominating them and becomes a "Ghost passer". This exemplary plot - established from Occitanian versions - becomes significant only when related to the whole web of links with the next world with which all young boys must live. They can flirt with death without danger when they have learned to play on the value of things and on the meaning of words. Listening to tales at night plays a central part in acquiring this skill : do they not picture themselves as instruments of transition between this world and the next ?

An analysis of two types of political participation in Belgium, conventional affiliation & political protest, shows that overall participation is low throughout the country. Guttman techniques were used to develop one-dimensional, hierarchical scales of conventional participation & protest, which allowed the evaluation of the real involvement of each individual. Of the 1,500 people interviewed in 1984, some 90% were involved in no more than 3 political action events, eg, reading &/or listening to the media, & political discussion. Independent variables such as gender, occupation, level of schooling, & income affected political participation. Political protest was considered as means of expression & a demonstration of the nonrepresentation of minorities in the political power structure. Protest was linked most significantly with age, level of schooling, & union membership. These results are contrasted with those of 5 other countries -- the US, GB, Germany, Austria, & the Netherlands. 14 Tables, 1 Appendix. J. Sadler

In an article written in 1959, R. Bastide said that the anthropo logist who hears the call of primitive civilizations is as it «were charmed by the abysses». For R. B. himself this call took the shape of mystic search and led him in 1938 to Latin America where for sixteen years he applied himself to apprehending the Other, listening and attempting to be accepted to do this he went so far as to share the Others existential experience of the Sacred.
Upon his return to France, R. B. treated this empiric material theoretically and elaborated new religious Anthropology around two major poles; 1) religions are to be considered as systems of symbols which must be apprehended in their living unity as total cultural activity ; 2) religion is to be treated like any other social fact, as something that changes while it continues resisting and resists while it continues changing.

With the translation into French in 2013 these two books (by Grand-pere notes and Soldiers), we have henceforth an almost full vision of the work devoted to Nazism the German sociologist and social psychologist Harald Welzer. Intellectual repute in Germany, H. Welzer (born in 1958) is leading a research foundation ('Futurzwei'), which supports research projects on the future and is working on two research objects, perception of climate issues in a from the crimes of Nazi Germany on the other. His work, partly in collaboration the Menes have concerns successively on the historical consciousness of the Germans regard the Nazi crimes (Grand-Pere is published in 2002), the executors of Nazi crimes redefined as places of ordinary actors under conditions extraordinary (the executors, written in 2005 and translated 2007), and finally an original body of process-verbal of listening to thousands of prisoners of the Wehrmacht (Soldiers, published in 2011 and translated into twenty languages to date). Adapted from the source document.

New Zealand is almost the perfect example of the `soc state', & does not offer a suitable arena for the development of pol'al debates. In fact, the New Zealanders prefer to watch sports spectacles rather than the discussions of pol'al groups. Nevertheless they participate extensively in the parliamentary elections. Local elections are less well participated in. The activities of the pol'al parties, of which the active members are many, but which are comprised of a very large number of passive adherents, are not, at least not at the local level, essentially pol'al as much as they are soc in nature. Opinion polls on newspaper editorials, on the extent of listening to radio lectures on pol'al matters, & the amount of participation in election campaigns indicate in diff to the major pol'al problems. An examination of participation in various kinds of private associations shows that New Zealanders, if they enjoy joining groups, do so mainly for the pleasure of joining rather than to achieve any specific goals. Tr from IPSA by J. A. Broussard.

This article examines the role of Parliament in the resolution of controversies, through the analysis of the floor debates of the "premiere loi de finances rectificative" for 2011. It includes measures related to two controversial topics: the reform of the taxation of wealth and the compensation for victims of Mediator. In the first case, the debates are antagonistic: the government and the opposition battle in order to persuade the listening citizens. In the second case, the debates are dialogical: parliamentarians seek a consensual solution to the controversy opposing the Servier Laboratory and the victims' associations. Parliament thus appears as a space where controversies are both made public and arbitrated. More generally, these results lead to question the issue of the temporality of the political decision, which may end the disagreement and/or the controversy, but which may also extend it to a wider audience. Moreover, this study highlights the need to rethink the place of argumentation in the notion of controversy, of which it appears to be a constitutive dimension. Adapted from the source document.

Element of folklore which gives rugby some of its flavour, object of curiosity for the medias and more generally for all those that are not accepted in it, the before the match lockers' room is a Mecca for Rugby. This contribution describes what is at stake inside those walls and shows how, through the mobilization of senses, collective preparation allows teaming up. We can see how the preparation time has moved from a silent moment to a collective sharing time of listening to the same music, or how each player is captured by and becomes one with the group during the camphor oil massage. Touching one's partner, rubbing on the same smell enables the player to connect with the group and with the expectations of the task to come : the symbolic charge of this esthetic transposition finds its energy in the mobilization of the senses on which it is grounded. The warming up is an expression of the values and goals of the group, trough gesture and words : it is about feeling together in order to better be together as one. All of the before the game activities is but a ritualised mediation, which, through the senses, adjusts and frames experiences, regulates emotions through focusing and introduces the player to the game's specific esthetics. Compulsory moment of expression, coded time and place, the lockers' room offers thus also an opportunity to question the effects of such a management shaped by our senses and which makes of the team both a political system and a galaxy of emotions.