Examines the Great Britain-US electronic intelligence system called Echelon, and its predecessors since the 1940s, which are used to eavesdrop on communications for political, military, commercial, and civilian purposes. Role of the British intelligence organization, Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), and the US organization, National Security Agency (NSA).
In: State politics & policy quarterly: the official journal of the State Politics and Policy section of the American Political Science Association, Band 13, Heft 1, S. 88-106
AbstractPolicy representation requires legislators to advance the interests of their constituents. As a consequence, much research on representation examines the congruence between constituents' preferences and legislators' behaviors. This article argues it is more realistic to think of policy representation as listening—a process—than congruence—an outcome. Listening involves legislators monitoring constituent interests and using that information in making decisions. Using data from a survey of state legislators in 26 states, this research finds that monitoring contributes to using constituent information and offers a measure of listening based on these two behaviors. Furthermore, it finds that compared with the decisions of others, the decisions (measured as cosponsoring gay, lesbian, and bisexual [GLB] issue legislation) of legislators who listen are more strongly influenced by district preferences (measured as district votes on same-sex marriage ballot initiatives). This suggests that listening contributes to representation.
This essay reviews the following works:Tropical Riffs: Latin America and the Politics of Jazz. By Jason Borge. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2018. Pp. 266. $26.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822369905.The Cry of the Senses: Listening to Latinx and Caribbean Poetics. By Ren Ellis Neyra. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2020. Pp. xvii + 222. $25.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781478011170.Hearing Voices: Aurality and New Spanish Sound Culture in Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. By Sarah Finley. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2019. Pp. 252. $60.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781496211798.Writing by Ear: Clarice Lispector and the Aural Novel. By Marília Librandi. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2018. Pp. xxi + 214. $88.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781487502140.The Senses of Democracy: Perception, Politics, and Culture in Latin America. By Francine R. Masiello. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018. Pp. 326. $25.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781477315040.Sonar: Navegación/localización del sonido en las prácticas artísticas del siglo XX. By Luz María Sánchez Cardona. Mexico City: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; Juan Pablos Editor, 2018. Pp. 171. $34.99 paperback. ISBN: 9786072815469.