Suchergebnisse

Part 1. Challenges of the Modern Economy as Barriers to Sustainable Development -- 1. Statistic Indicators for Assessing the Measuring Efficiency to Counter Economic Sanctions -- 2. The Innovative and Sustainable Development of Energetics Under the Conditions of the Post-pandemic Recovery of the Economy -- 3. Scenario Analysis of the Development of the Russian Digital Economy Until 2025 -- 4. The Post-pandemic Analysis of the Specifics of Industrial Economies' Development from the Positions of Innovativeness and Sustainability -- 5. The Post-Pandemic Model of the Sectoral Development of Emerging Economies' Industry -- 6. Perspective Role of Digitalization in the Well-Balanced Development of the Global Economic System of the Future -- 7. The Role of Digital Security for the Stable Development of the Global Economic System of the Future -- 8. Sustainable Development of the World Economy of the Future on the Basis of Digitalization: the 2030 Perspective -- 9. Dialectics of Systems Development -- 10. Problems of Consideration of Environmental Factors in Urban Planning as a Mechanism for Sustainable Development -- 11. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Agri-Food Policy as a Component of the Economic Security of the Region -- 12. Employment of Workers in Green Jobs: Industry, Product and Skill Approaches -- 13. Problems and Implementation Prospects of Experimental Legal Regimes in Russia -- 14. Globalization as a Factor of Influence on Russian Federation's Foreign Economic Activity: Engineering Exports -- 15. Import Substitution: the Main Directions of Import Substitution, the Pros and Cons of the Implemented State Program, Some Success Stories of Import Substitution and its Prospects -- 16. Problems and Prospects for the Development of Import Substitution in the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Russian Federation -- 17. Cooperation, Humanism, Tolerance: Realities of History and Modernity -- 18. Features of the Sustainable Development of the Tourism Economy in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic -- 19. Development of the Cooperative Movement in the Republic of Bashkortostan: Problems and Prospects -- 20. Supervision and Control over the Investigation of Crimes in the Field of Entrepreneurial Activity -- 21. Countering Aggressive Tax Planning -- 22. Problems of Economic Security of Special Economic Zones -- 23. Conceptual Approach to the System of Controlling in the Public Sector -- 24. Sustainable Development Based on Knowledge Sharing: An International Aspect (a review of the problem) -- 25. New Functional Product as a Result of International Interaction -- 26. Anti-Corruption Strategies: Forms and Mechanisms of Participation of Civil Society Institutions -- 27. Methods of Acquisition and Termination of Subjective Rights to Immovable Property as an Element of Social Security of Citizens -- 28. Problems of Practical Application of Legal Norms Containing Accessory Obligations in the Legislation of the Russian Federation in the Conditions of the COVID-19 Pandemic -- 29. Uncertainty and Risk as Factors in the Development of Insurance -- 30. School and University Cooperation in the Aspect of Studying Linguistic and Cultural Literacy of Migrant Children -- Part 2. Economic and Legal Foundations and Cooperative Mechanisms for Sustainable Development -- 31. Program-Targeted Approach to the Innovative Development of Industrial Economies under the Modern Post-COVID Conditions -- 32. State and Corporate Management of Industrial Economies for Their Sustainable Development and Recovery after the Pandemic -- 33. Credit Cooperation in Russia: Problems and Possible Solutions -- 34. Leasing as an Effective Tool for the Implementation of Investment Projects in Different Countries -- 35. Optimization of the Use of the Potential of Specially Protected Natural Areas within the Framework of the Sustainable Development of Domestic Tourism in the Russian Federation -- 36. Changes in Cooperative Legislation in the Context of Solving Socio-economic Problems -- 37. Development of Legislation on Cooperation in Ukraine in 1992-2014 -- 38. Assessment of the Socio-economic Sphere of the Countries of the European Union in the Context of the Implementation of Joint Strategies and Programs -- 39. Role of Consumer Cooperatives in Overcoming Unemployment in Contemporary Russian Society -- 40. Development of Cooperation Legislation in Germany -- 41. Agricultural Cooperatives in France: Toward Environmental Neutrality and Sustainability -- 42. A National Model of Cooperation as a Track of Sustainable Development of New Zealand -- 43. Development of the Cooperative Sector in Canada: Features of the National Model -- 44. Infrastructural Factors of the Digital Economy Development and Their Management in the Interests of Accelerating Its Growth -- 45. New Opportunities for Human Potential Development in the Digital Economy and Their Implementation in Developed and Developing Countries -- 46. Integration Mechanisms of Development of the Digital Economy and the Prospects for Their Activation in Russia -- 47. Designed Innovative and Investment Development of the Region in the Conditions of Digital Economy to Ensure Economic Security -- 48. State Regulation of the Development of Cooperative Formations in Agriculture of the Republic of Bashkortostan -- 49. Regional Features of Digital Transformation During the Pandemic -- 50. Formation of a Conceptual Tourist Product for the Effective Development of Territories Without a Pronounced Tourist and Recreational Potential -- 51. Sustainable and Advanced Development of Region's Economy Based on Digital Competitiveness -- 52. Regional Aspects of the Development of the Consumer Lending Sector in Russia during the Pandemic -- 53. Methodological Aspects for Assessing the Financial Stability of Regions in the Context of the Coronavirus COVID-19 in 2021 -- 54. Development of the Nuclear Icebreaker Fleet as a Strategic Priority of the Arctic Region -- 55. Sustainable Development Capital of Rural Territories: The Role and Significance of Cooperation -- 56. Methods for Quality Control of Products of the Kamchatka Territory -- 57. Improving the Competitiveness of the Regional Fishery Complex by Strengthening Foreign Economic Relations of the Region -- Part 3. Advanced Digital Technologies and Their Contribution to Sustainable Development -- 58. Current Vectors of Investment Security of the Krasnodar Territory -- 59. Social Orientation of the Regional Economic Cluster of Consumer Cooperation -- 60. Prospects for the Development of the Cooperative Movement in Public Catering Enterprises of Almetyevsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan -- 61. Cluster Cooperation as a Factor in Ensuring Sustainable Development of the Region -- 62. Development of Agricultural Cooperation in the Republic of Tatarstan -- 63. Industrial Cooperation in Chuvashia in the Post-war Years: Historical and Legal Aspect -- 64. Role of Agricultural Cooperation in the Development of Regional Food Markets -- 65. Formation of the Model of the Social-Oriented Cluster as Method of Cooperation of the Subjects of SMEs of the Smolensk Region -- 66. Methods of Organizing the Design of Construction Works -- 67. Corporate Social Responsibility in Industrial Economies as the Basis of their Innovative and Sustainable Development in the Post-COVID Period -- 68. Digital Mechanisms of the Future Development of Social Entrepreneurship and Humanisation of Economic Growth -- 69. Formation of Experimentation Skills in Children 5–6 Years Old through Visual Modeling -- 70. Project Technology in Education as a Promising Form of University and Business Cooperation -- 71. Innovative Corporate Strategies as Sources of Sustainable Development -- 72. Strategic Guidelines for the Development of Non-profit Corporate Structures in the Context of the Transformation of the Regional Information -- 73. Standard for the Development of Competition in the Subjects of the Russian Federation as a Tool for the Development of Entrepreneurship in Regional Commodity Markets -- 74. Innovations in Corporate Relations and their Contribution to the Development of Cooperation -- 75. Cooperative Strategy in Sociosystems -- 76. Strategic Management, Analysis, and Control: General Provisions -- 77. Development of Professional and Qualification Potential of an Employee -- 78. Efficiency of the Organization's Performance as a Factor of Sustainable Development and Economic Security -- 79. Controlling as an Accounting and Analytical System of Personnel Management -- 80. Foreign Language Training of Specialists in the Economic Sphere as a Factor of Sustainable Development: Historical and Pedagogical Aspect -- 81. Entrepreneurship Development as the Basis for a Competitive Environment After the Pandemic -- 82. Service System and Service Targeting as a Key Aspect of the Company's Competitiveness -- Part 4. Prospects for the Sustainable Development of Countries: Review of International Experience -- 83. Formation of Responsible Cooperative Entrepreneurship Based on Socially-Oriented Cluster -- 84. Efficiency of Biopreparation Treatment of Wheat Grain; Baking Properties of Flour and Quality of Baked Bread in Consumer Cooperative Enterprises -- 85. Experience of Cooperation of All Levels of Education in the Process of Project Development -- 86. Problems of Liability for Illegal Entrepreneurship Committed within the Framework of Cooperative Legal Relations -- 87. Business Support During the Pandemic: View of the Representatives of the European Cooperative Movement -- 88. Biosocial Essence of Person and Crime -- 89. Assessing the Institutional Framework for Russia's Foreign Trade Cooperation with North African Countries: Foreign Trade and Customs Aspects -- 90. Modern Marketing Technologies in Promoting Consumer Cooperation Organizations -- 91. Actual Issues of the Development of Consumer Cooperation Legislation in Addressing Social Questions -- 92. Development of Cooperation between the Europea.

Part 1. Global -- 1. International Boundaries, Biological Borders, and the Public Governance of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Are we Entering a Whole New Era? (Emmanuel Brunet-Jailly) -- 2. Pandemic Geopolitics in the Anthropocene (Simon Dalby) -- 3. COVID-19 and the Science of where (Michael F. Goodchild) -- 4. Coronavirus and Conservation: Environmental Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic (Helen D. Hazen) -- 5. Pandemic Geopolitics and the Bordering of COVID-19: Academic and Lay Geographies of the Pandemic and Policies to Contain and Mitigate the Novel Coronavirus (Virginie Mamadouh) -- 6. Rethinking Distance and Presence Conceptions in Times of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19: The Search for a New Educational Literacy (Paulo Quadros) -- Part 2. States, Cities and COVID-19 -- 7. The Swedish COVID-19 Enigma/Exception (Sebastian Abrahamsson and Richard Ek) -- 8. Insularity in a Connected World? The COVID-19 Pandemic in Iceland (Karl Benediktsson, Benjamin D. Hennig, Anne-Cécile Mermet, and Sigríður Haraldsdóttir) -- 9. Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on a Small Island: The Isle of Man Case Study (Sharon C. Cobb) -- 10. Medical Philately and the World of COVID-19 Postage Stamps: Issues of Truth, Health and Wealth (Stanley D. Brunn) -- 11. The COVID-19 Pandemic in Ukraine: A Mosaic of Regional Patterns and Voices of Social Disparity (Eugenia Maruniak and Olena Dronova) -- 12. COVID-19 Policy in Uzbekistan: Slipping Back Toward Authoritarianism? (Reuel Hanks and Dilshod Achilov) -- 13. The Pandemic in Belarus in 2020-21: COVID-19 in the Shadow of Politics (Ales Kirkevich and Alena Makouskaya) -- 14. COVID-19, the Stay-Home Discourse and a 'New' Geographic Haven (Mohamed Salah Eddine Madiou) -- 15. COVID-19 Geopolitics in Southeast Asia: Regional and National Health (in)Securities in Times of Pandemic (Carl Grundy-Warr) -- 16. Three Challenges Facing Guatemala's COVID-19 Crisis: Mobility, Violence and Governance (Trudy Mercadal) -- 17. COVID-19 Waves and Politics in Costa Rica (Ivan Molina) -- 18. Societal Perceptions of the Saudi Government's Response to the Coronavirus Pandemic (Mark C. Thompson) -- 19. Tackling Challenges of COVID-19: An Assessment of the Convergence-Divergence Debates from the Global South-India (M. Satish Kumar and Aditya Singh) -- 20. Health Geography of COVID-19: An Exploratory Analysis of the Pandemic During its First Phase in the Compact Cities of Barcelona and Madrid, Spain (Montserrat Pallares-Barbera, Simón Sánchez-Moral, Rafael Vicente-Salar, and Alfonso Arellano) -- 21. Three impacts of COVID-19 in Pakistan society: Home Confinement, Social Survey Data and Maps Showing Diffusion (Tahir Awan, Tehreem Raza Ch, and Mavia Mumtaz) -- Part 3. Political impacts: Laws, Borders, Diplomacy, Elections, Peacekeeping -- 22. Peacekeeping Operations: Challenges and Opportunities in the Midst of Health Crises (Jessica Di Salvatore) -- 23. Travel Restrictions and Border Security Measures on the Canada–U.S. Border During the COVID-19 Pandemic—Does Law Matter in a Crisis? (Roger S. Fisher) -- 24. Forgotten Ones: Rhetoric of Migration and Tourism Governance in South Africa in the Sedentary Epoch of COVID-19 (Samuel Umoh Uwem and Oyewo Adetola Elizabeth) -- 25. From European Union Student Mobility to Lockdown: "Virtual Study Mobility" in the COVID-19 Era and a Case Study of Transnational Law in an International Classroom Delivered Online (Cherry James, John Koo, and Emmanouela Mylonaki) -- 26. Vaccination Nation: Vaccine Diplomacy and the U.S. Vaccine Rollout (Shaun J. Johnson) -- 27. Changing COVID-19 Border Restrictions and Borderland Resilience: The Finnish-Swedish Border Case (Eeva-Kaisa Prokkola and Juha Ridanpää) -- 28. Free Movement of Persons and Goods in the European Union During COVID-19 (Lehte Roots) -- 29. Intertwined Geographies of the Pandemic and the U.S. Presidential Election of 2020: COVID-19 Prevalence and Donald Trump (Ryan Weichelt, J. Clark Archer, Robert Shepard, Robert Watrel, and Jill Archer) -- Part 4. Communication, Branding and the Media -- 30. Affective Immediately: Reading the Semiotic Landscape of COVID-19 in Lincoln, Nebraska (James E. Baker) -- 31. Local Newspaper Coverage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Two Major Texas Cities: A Visual Comparison of Houston and El Paso (Sarah A. Blue and Mary Stycos) -- 32. COVID-19 as the Great (un)equalizer: The Framing of Women in Media Coverage in China, the Middle East, and the U.S. (Mari A. DeWees and Amy C. Miller) -- 33. Place-Branding for Immigrant and Refugee Integration and Receptivity Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Responses of U.S. Cities in the "Welcoming America" Network (Paul N. McDaniel, Rajit H. Das, and Darlene Xiomara Rodriguez) -- 34. Lost in Translation: Reporting About COVID-19 Pandemic by Community Vernacular Radio Stations in Rural Kenya (Lilliane Atieno Oloo and Daniel Ochieng' Orwenjo) -- 35. Examining Effective Communication during COVID-19 Through Prime Minister's Speeches: The Case of Malaysia (Teresa Wai See Ong) -- 36. Trump and the Coronavirus: The Triumph of Incompetence (Barney Warf) -- Part 5. Communications: Websites, Social Media -- 37. Presenting, Representing, and Misrepresenting COVID-19 in the five Central Asian States: The Political Underpinnings of Official State Coronavirus Websites in Authoritarian Regimes (Ryan P. Cabana) -- 38. The Role of User-Generated Content Data for Collaborative Learning: Identifying Tourism Hot Topics During the Pandemic (Nuria Recuero Virto) -- 39. The Impact of COVID-19 and use of Geo-Tagged User Data in Territories without Planning: The Case of São Tomé and Príncipe (Nagayamma Aragão and Carlos Smaniotto Costa) -- 40. Social Distancing and Politeness: Hungarian Emailing Practices During the Coronavirus Epidemic (Ágnes Domonkosi and Zsófia Ludányi) -- 41. Application of GIS in Vaccine Distribution During COVID-19 (Jing Wu) -- Part 6. Cartoons and Cartooning -- 42. More than a Message: Public Health Advocacy, Political Cartooning and COVID-19 Challenges in Pakistan (Ayesha Ashfaq and Joseph Russomanno) -- 43. What's so Funny about COVID-19? How some Comic Strip Artists have Approached or Avoided a Sensitive Subject (Thomas L. Bell) -- 44. Visualizing the Unspeakable in Thought: A Multi-Model Discourse Analysis of Cartoons as a Device for Communicating (Maxwell Mpotsiah) -- Part 7. Maps and Mapping -- 45. One Year of COVID-19: Mapping the Spread of a Global Pandemic (Benjamin D. Hennig) -- 46. Mapping Silenced Spaces During Increased Overdose and COVID-19: Opportunities for Danger and Harm Reduction in Southern Appalachia (Lesly-Marie Buer, Bayla Ostrach, Sam Armbruster, and Erin Major) -- 47. COVID-19 in Tunisia: Mapping and Documenting the Impacts on those on the Margins (Betty Rouland and Marouen Taleb) -- 48. Mapping the COVID-19 Spatial Behaviors and Narratives of Women in an Architecture School in the Midwest USA" (Mania T. Taher) -- 49. Increased use of Maps During the COVID-19 pandemic: An example from Morocco (Abdallah Zouhauri) -- Part 7. Cultures: Diffusion and Social Well-Being) -- 50. The Way from the Leading Position to the Last: Geodemographic Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Czechia (Dagmar Dzúrová, Klára Hulíková Tesárková, Pavlína Netrdová, and Lukáš Brůha) -- 51. COVID-19 Deaths in México: A Spatiotemporal Analysis (Oscar Gerardo Hernández-Lara, José R. Díaz-Garayúa, and Kevin A. Butler) -- 52. Impacts of COVID-19 on Nigerian Culture (Ibrahim Badamasi Lambu) -- 53. Research Frontiers on COVID-19 Issues in Brazilian Context (Paulo Quadros) -- 54. Geography, Factors and Consequences of COVID-19 Diffusion in Russia (Stepan Zemtsov and Vyacheslav Baburin) -- Part 9. Mobility and Immobility -- 55. Effects of COVID-19 on Urban Mobility and Public Space use in Kumasi, Ghana (Clifford Amoako, Kwasi Kwafo Adarkwa, and Michael Poku-Boansi) -- 56. Impact of COVID-19 on Nepal's Labour Migration (Sadikshya Bhattarai and Jeevan Baniya) -- 57. Voting with their Feet: Coronavirus Pandemic Refugees and the Future of American Cities (James H. Johnson, Jr.) -- 58. Exploring Human Mobilities in the COVID-19 Era in Urban and Rural Canada (K. Bruce Newbold, Curtis Towle, and Kaylah Vrabic) -- 59. Rearranging Mobilities and Immobilities and Placeremaking During COVID-19: Governing the Pandemic Situation through (im)mobilities in South Korea (HaeRan Shin) -- Part 10. Inequalities and Divides) -- 60. Pandemic and Education: Persistent Deepening of Educational Inequalities in Argentina as a Consequence of COVID-19 (Gustavo Javier Annessi and Paola Demirta) -- 61. COVID-19 and the Comorbidities of Spatial Inequality and Colonial Legacy: Two Caribbean Cases – Jamaica and Trinidad & Tobago (April K. Baptiste and Hubert Devonish) -- 62. Digital Inequalities in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel and Germany (Elisabeth Sommerlad and Yossi David) -- Part 11. Marginalized Groups: Refugees, Silences, Gender, Racism, Survival -- 63. Beyond the Ecumene: Roma Genesis, Community and Survival in the COVID-19 World (Krasimir Asenov) -- 64. Ethnic Minorities in Poland in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Threats, Stigma and Forms of (in)visibility (Bartłomiej Chromik, Joanna Maryniak, and Justyna Olko) -- 65. Everyday Morbid Geography: Street life and COVID-19 State Regulation in Manila and Hanoi (José Edgardo A. Gomez, Jr., Redento B. Recio, Ha Minh Hai Thai, and Phuong Thu Nguyen) -- 66. Undocumented Migrants and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Similar and Dissimilar COVID-19 Stories Comparing Finland and Iran (Jussi S. Jauhiainen and Davood Eyvazlu) -- 67. 'If I don't Sell Food, How Would I eat?' Negotiating Street Vendor Livelihoods in the Context of COVID-19 Lockdowns in Urban Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos (Jennifer C. Langill, Binh N. Nguyen, and Sarah Turner) -- 68. Impact of COVID-19 on Local Planning Practices: Focusing on Tactical Urbanism, Slow Streets and low-Income Communities in Oakland, Los Angeles, San Francis.

Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of the German economy. Against the background of continuing globalisation, they are increasingly faced with the challenge of internationalisation. This study was designed as an empirical investigation of how well SMEs in the federal state of Saxony are prepared for this task of the future, which measures they take in order to market their products and services in the global marketplace, and it tries to identify their strengths and weaknesses in this respect. The very nature of this thesis is thus a truly interdisciplinary approach, investigating marketing aspects as well as linguistic factors. The main focus was on the language small and medium-sized companies use for their international communications. English has long become the lingua franca of the globalising economy, and this study set out to investigate how well SMEs are prepared to meet the linguistic requirements imposed on them by global business. Enterprises in the new German states are widely believed to be disadvantaged with regard to their communicative competence in English, since English played only a minor role for decades, but has risen to decisive significance within the past couple of years, taking many companies and their employees by surprise, finding them not as well prepared as their colleagues in the old German states. Still, finding their way to the new export markets in Western Europe, the Americas and Asia are vital for the survival of Saxon economy, and communicative competence in English as the lingua franca of international business is the major prerequisite for achieving this objective. Corporate communicative competence involves various aspects, including the foreign language skills of the employees – covering the entire range of linguistic skills from oral communication including listening and speaking, giving presentations or participating in negotiations to writing skills ranging from reading and writing of various text types, including media literacy. Apart from the personal linguistic competence of the employees, the "corporate" linguistic competence of the company also plays a major role for the perception of the company on its international markets. Therefore this study focused on investigating how well SMEs present themselves in their corporate literature and on the internet, which instruments from the wide-ranging selection of marketing tools hey apply for communicating with international markets and how the linguistic quality of their international market communications can be assessed. The objective is to provide small and medium-sized companies with a tool to maximise the effects of their international communication efforts based on the analysis of the current state of the art and on the evaluation of previous studies in this field. Theories from the field of functional stylistics provide a useful scope for such an approach. Although the aim of this study is not to establish normative requirements with regard to how corporate advertising literature should be written, a functional style analysis will provide the basis for suggestions of what could be improved with regard to the functions these text types have to fulfil. These suggestions will be based on a comparison of the established features of the text type of advertising copy with the linguistic features actually used by Saxon SMEs in their marketing materials. It is suggested that the implementation of the concept of the communications consultant will be one efficient way to improve international communication management in small and medium-sized companies. By analysing communicative tasks in SMEs and by providing a theoretical background, the concept of the communications consultant will be put on a scientific basis, and the need for professional support in international communications for SMEs will be underlined. The idea of the communications consultant actually sparked this entire study. After reading Zeh-Glöckler's study on English in Saxony and contemplating the concept of the Sprachenberater she suggested, I compared her findings with my practical experience from everyday communications in Saxon SMEs and developed the idea that the concept of the language consultant might be put on an even wider footing, serving as a true communications consultant. The major difference between these two concepts is that the communications consultant has a stronger focus on marketing, taking responsibility for all aspects of international marketing communications. Therefore I designed a questionnaire dealing with a great variety of factors influencing and determining the international marketing strategy of a company and then linked the results to linguistic theories in an interdisciplinary approach. The actual feasibility and possible ways of implementing the concept of a communications consultant will be discussed in the final chapter of this thesis, taking the findings from the questionnaire and the linguistic analysis into account. Table of Contents: 1.Scope and Objectives9 1.1Objectives of this thesis9 1.2Methodology11 1.3Structure of this thesis13 PART IDISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS15 2.rofile of participating companies16 2.1Mittelstand" in Germany16 2.2he selection of the sample17 2.2.1he region of South West Saxony17 2.2.2he selection process18 2.2.3Definition by sector20 2.2.4Definition by size21 2.2.5Definition by year of foundation22 2.2.6Definition by headquarter22 2.2.7Definition by export activities22 2.2.7.1Internationalisation process22 2.2.7.2Export rates23 2.2.7.3Development of export rates24 2.2.7.4Export and import countries25 2.2.7.4.1Export countries25 2.2.7.4.2Import countries27 3.Globalisation and Marketing Strategies28 3.1Benefits and threats of a globalising economy28 3.2The marketing mix as the foundation of global marketing30 3.2.1Product32 3.2.1.1Product portfolio32 3.2.1.2Product appearance32 3.2.1.3Pre- and after-sales service, planning, training, assembly33 3.2.2Price34 3.2.3Distribution35 3.2.4Communication36 3.3Planning and cooperation37 3.3.1Professional planning37 3.3.2Institutional partners40 3.3.2.1Bfai (Federal Agency for Foreign Trade)41 3.3.2.2IHK42 3.3.2.3AHK42 3.3.3Private service providers44 4.International Communications and English as a Lingua Franca46 4.1The significance of English as a lingua franca46 4.2English in everyday business50 4.3Responsibilities for English language tasks52 4.3.1Translation tasks52 4.3.1.1Linguistic background of translation52 4.3.1.2Translation practice in SMEs54 4.3.1.3Bridging the gap between content and style62 4.3.2International contracts64 4.3.3Negotiations64 4.3.4Looking after international guests65 4.3.5International trade fairs66 4.3.6Presentations66 4.3.7Business correspondence and telephoning66 4.3.8Media relations67 4.3.9English version of the internet presentation67 4.3.10Summary responsibilities68 4.4Command of English of employees and executives in Saxon SMEs70 4.4.1Command of English of the people in charge of international communication tasks70 4.4.2The "English-Gap" between East and West Germany71 4.4.3A positive outlook72 4.4.4English language training in SMEs73 4.4.4.1Language training as part of the personnel development strategy74 4.4.4.2Analysis of the current situation75 4.4.4.3Definition of goals75 4.4.4.4Solutions78 5.Marketing and advertising80 5.1Marketing as discourse80 5.2The significance of marketing instruments in SMEs82 5.2.1Trade fairs83 5.2.2Direct marketing84 5.2.3Media relations85 5.2.4Sales agents86 5.2.5Print advertising and online promotion87 5.2.6PR and events88 5.3National and international marketing spending90 5.3.1General results90 5.3.2Exact spending on individual marketing tools94 5.3.2.1Trade fairs94 5.3.2.2Sales literature95 5.3.2.3Internet96 5.3.2.4Print advertisements and media relations98 6.Trade Fairs100 6.1Importance of trade fairs for Saxon SMEs100 6.2Benefits of trade fairs101 6.3Cost factors103 6.4Common flaws in trade show presentations104 6.5Effective use of trade fairs as a platform of communication106 6.5.1Preparation106 6.5.2Presentation at the stand108 6.5.3After the fair115 6.6Domestic vs. international trade fairs118 7.Advertising and Sales Literature in Saxon SMEs121 7.1Function of sales literature121 7.2Types of sales material in SMEs122 7.3International sales literature127 7.4Intercultural adaptation128 7.4.1Awareness of intercultural differences128 7.4.2Guidelines for intercultural adaptation130 7.4.3Intercultural adaptation of concept and style133 7.4.4Adaptation of product names134 7.4.5Visual adaptation: symbols and colours136 7.5Summary138 8.Internet and Online-Promotion139 8.1Theoretical and linguistic background139 8.1.1The Internet as the communication tool of the future139 8.1.2The language of the internet141 8.1.2.1General observations141 8.1.2.2Structure and navigation144 8.1.2.3Style and readability146 8.1.2.4User-friendliness148 8.1.2.5Scannability150 8.1.2.6Conciseness151 8.1.2.7Objectivity151 8.1.2.8Credibility151 8.1.2.9Graphics153 8.2Practical analysis: international online marketing in Saxon SMEs156 8.2.1Online marketing strategy156 8.2.1.1Retrievability157 8.2.1.2Areas of use of the world wide web162 8.2.1.3Keeping the website up to date163 8.2.1.4E-commerce and online shops164 8.2.1.5E-Mail campaigns167 8.2.1.6Linguistic localisation169 8.2.1.7Cultural adaptation173 9.Media Relations177 9.1Building successful relations with the media177 9.2International media relations181 9.3Guidelines for successful media relations182 9.3.1The media database182 9.3.2The text type 'press information'183 9.3.3The right perspective185 9.3.4The right manner188 9.3.5The press kit190 9.4Benefits of professional media work191 PART IISEMIOTIC AND LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF PROMOTIONAL LITERATURE 10.Functional Analysis of Advertising194 10.1Conveying information194 10.2Motivating the customer to buy196 10.3Reinforcing the decision to buy199 10.4Socialising199 10.5Entertaining199 10.6Strategies to achieve the communication objectives200 11.Linguistic and Semiotic Analysis of Advertising204 11.1Linguistic features of the language of advertising204 11.1.1Functions of advertising language204 11.1.2Functional and practical stylistics of advertising language210 11.1.3Lexical features of advertising language211 11.1.4Grammatical and syntactic features of advertising language215 11.1.4.1Syntactic features215 11.1.4.2Spelling217 11.1.5Ambiguity in advertising language220 11.1.5.1Semantic ambiguity and puns220 11.1.5.2Syntactic ambiguity225 11.1.5.3Ambiguity of reference225 11.1.6A Pragmatic approach to the language of advertising226 11.1.7An illustrative linguistic analysis of headlines227 11.1.7.1Stylistic features of headlines228 11.1.7.2Linguistic peculiarities of headlines229 11.2A semiotic analysis of visual communication in advertising235 11.2.1Functions and visual rhetoric235 11.2.2Types of visualisation238 11.2.3Other visual elements241 11.2.3.1Corporate Design241 11.2.3.2Colours242 11.2.3.3Fonts244 12.A Linguistic Analysis of International Sales Literature in Saxon SME's246 12.1Evaluation of samples246 12.2Qualitative sample analysis253 12.3Analysis of individual criteria262 12.3.1Perspective262 12.3.2Use of pronouns / referents265 12.3.3The title266 12.3.4The headline concept267 12.3.5Subheads and captions268 12.3.6The slogan268 12.3.7Stylistic devices269 12.3.8Syntax270 12.3.9Register271 12.3.10Spelling and grammar273 12.3.10.1Spelling and punctuation273 12.3.10.2Grammar275 12.3.11Conventions275 12.3.12Interference276 12.3.12.1Lexical interference276 12.3.12.2Syntactic interference278 12.3.13Visual appearance, scannability, use of photos279 12.4Summary281 PART IIIMERGING RESULTS 13.Conclusion: International Communication in Saxon SMEs and the Functions of a Communications Consultant284 13.1Management of international communication tasks in Saxon SMEs285 13.2Areas of improvement from the companies' perspective287 13.3Comparison with the communicative needs defined in this study288 13.4The concept of a "resource" or communications consultant289 13.5Executive summary296 Zusammenfassung der Arbeit auf Deutsch297 Appendices Appendix I:Blank questionnaire used as a basis of the empirical investigation309 Appendix II:Questionnaire with results316 Appendix III:Linguistic analysis of 24 sample brochures232 Bibliography354 List of Abbreviations378

The World Bank's Communication for Governance and Accountability Program (CommGAP) has spent several years exploring the linkages between the media and governance reform. The first stage of this process produced public sentinel: news media and governance reform, an edited volume that explored key issues surrounding the role of the media in democratic governance and the policy interventions that might enable this role. This how-to guide represents the second stage of that process: turning theoretical and policy conclusions into a practical guide for those seeking to enhance good governance by empowering the media. An early needs assessment revealed limited understanding of media development and the role it can play in foster accountable governance. This toolkit accordingly provides the why, how, when, and what of supporting the development of independent, pluralistic and sustainable media.

In many low and middle income countries, dismal failures in the quality of public service delivery such as absenteeism among teachers and doctors and leakages of public funds have driven the agenda for better governance and accountability. This has raised interest in the idea that citizens can contribute to improved quality of service delivery by holding policy-makers and providers of services accountable. This proposition is particularly resonant when it comes to the human development sectors - health, education and social protection - which involve close interactions between providers and ci

While economic theory considers technological progress to be a key factor for sustained long-term economic growth and job creation, technology absorption is particularly an important driver for 'catch-up growth.' This study seeks to identify channels of technology transfer and absorption for Southern African enterprises, constraints to greater technology absorption, and discuss policy options open to governments and the private sector in light of relevant international experience. It has been done based on sector and enterprise case studies carried in four countries: South Africa, Mauritius, L

Investing in young children is the responsible thing to do. All children deserve a chance to grow into healthy, educated, and competent people, no matter where and when they were born. While parents bear most of the responsibility for raising their children, especially in the early years of life, governments also have an important role during this critical time of human capital accumulation. For example, governments can ensure that all expectant mothers and young children have access to quality health services and nutrition. They can support parents and other caregivers in providing a positive and stimulating environment for children from birth on by promoting parenting information programs, investing in direct services such as home-based visits, funding daycare centers and preschools, or providing financial incentives to access good quality programs for infants and children. This Early Childhood Development (ECD) guide presents lessons and experiences that have been useful in informing the policy debate about ECD interventions and the design of such programs across the world. Whether the user of this guide is at the initial stage of deciding whether to expand an ECD portfolio or already in the program design stage, the content offers a range of evidence- based options to inform policy and investment choices.

The World Development Report 2011 on conflict, security and development will look at conflict as a challenge to economic development. It will analyze the nature, causes and development consequences of modern violence and highlight lessons learned from efforts to prevent or recover from violence. Between two thirds and three quarters of the children without access to school, infants dying and mothers dying in childbirth in the developing world live in countries at risk or, affected by or recently recovering from violence. There are strong links between local conflicts, national conflict, organi

Under its Health in Africa Initiative, IFC intended to conduct a country assessment of the private health sector in Mali, working in close collaboration with the World Bank and the Government of Mali.The Core objective of the Mali Country Assessment Report was to work closely with the Government of Mali and Development partners to develop recommendations for a reform program to strengthen the existing policy framework for the public-private interface in the health sector and to improve the delivery of health related goods and services for all Malians.As part of this, the purpose of the book wa

The East Asia and Pacific region is characterized by wide variations in sources of healthcarefinancing, pooling of funds, purchasing of care services, and the extent to which thesepolicy instruments and programs provide social protection. Existing healthcare financingsystems in the region are under increasing pressure from a continued prevalence ofcommunicable diseases, an emergence of non communicable diseases, and a rapidlyaging population.Large inequalities between the poor and the prosperous in their access to healthcarefinancing mechanisms can be reformed and strengthened to improve outco