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From 1985: Why some people think it is anti-democratic and elitist to believe that some views of literary texts are more worthwhile than others, and why having opinions about literature is different from having prejudices about it.

This conversation among the editors of ARIEL and Timothy Clark addresses his 2012 essay, "Derangements of Scale," published in Telemorphosis: Theory in the Era of Climate Change. In his essay, Clark suggests that scale effects play an important role in contemporary global politics and climate change, and he proposes a new, larger scale of literary study commensurate with an awareness of these issues. The editors discuss the implications of Clark's essay for postcolonial studies, the merits of his proposed method of literary interpretation, and the ramifications of his discussion of human agency. Clark takes up all these issues in his response to the editors' conversation.

The nature of criticism as a social practice & its place within a given national intellectual culture are examined through a consideration of English criticism in the cultures of England & Australia. English began to emerge as a scholarly subject in GB in the eighteenth century, but was not fully established until WWI; as developed by F. R. Leavis, it filled the place taken in other European countries by classical sociology &/or Marxism, providing a vehicle of moralistic revolt against established culture. Since WWII, it has declined into an ineffective aestheticism. In Australia, a Melbourne tradition strongly influenced by Leavisism has contrasted with a Sydney tradition of detachment from society. John Docker offers an argument for an Australian synthesis of new criticism & Leavisism, based on rejection of the imitative & intentional fallacies; but these very rejections are alien to Leavis's own ideas, which are closer to those of Australian radical nationalists. In Australia, the site of totalizing discourse is not sociology or Marxism, nor, as in England, literary criticism, but history. W. H. Stoddard

This article analyses the digital literary criticism, which got rid of the obsession of academic Babylon in the field of literary criticism in the 1980s and revealed a more diverse field of voice, inspiring endless possibilities of variation in the transformative stage of criticism. The advent of the Internet has created a participatory field for literary criticism and a platform to weaken the distinction between identity and power. Equality disrupts the validity of authority and the structure of the knowledge circle, which is also the reason why digital literary criticism has a certain degree of carnivalesque traits. The authors believe that literary criticism in a digital context is no longer obsessed with the confusion of history and the uncertainty of time. While capturing the pulse of globalisation, it at the same time ardently embraces the value of desire endowed by consumer culture. The article points out that Chinese literary criticism in the new era is a product of the construction of multidimensional relations in a digital context, which sheds the shackles of historical context and rushes into the age of digitalisation. With the rapid flow of consumption, a very open, inclusive, and complex space of media discourse has emerged. The results of the study show that a group of numerous critics belonging to the postmodernist perspective is forming in the digital world. The authors conclude that in the confrontation between tradition and modernity, in the complex interweaving of elitist consciousness and mass consumption, in the struggle for discursive position between media and literature, digital literary criticism differs from traditional in terms of aesthetic standards, criticism style, criticism language and media platform, creating the macro future development of Chinese literary criticism with its independent attitude, revolutionary impulse and irresistible courage.

The purpose of this research is to raise the awareness about authors of children's literature and about the essential needs of such creative profiles, particularly for schoolchildren in primary schooling. Indeed, the appeal of literature cannot endure or develop incessantly within the imaginary framework, without its function. Thus, this literature would not be stalwartly notable from the general literature, but in fact, exactly on account of its function, it is treated and remains as such, as entirely separate, special and inspiring, not only owing to its written nature, but also because of the message it provides, and that must continuously provide. Its function must head towards education, in the general sense of the word, i.e. towards morality, ethics and aesthetics, and thus stay away from moralizing and ideologies, since only by being as such and in this position, it could fulfil its educational and pedagogical mission. Albanian children's literature, though having a late tradition compared to such literatures outside the Albanian-speaking territories, has, nevertheless, had its own dawn of growth and cultural development. This tradition has been followed by generations of authors, with the only purpose so that children could keep up with the times and other historical and cultural developments. For this reason, our literature, no matter how beautiful it may be, no matter how inspiring it may be, is still being challenged, particularly in the new century. The rapid developments of the technology and information is taking its toll, and day by day children's literature seems to be losing its function, and there is an impression that it has been left behind by these advances. With the view to making this ingenuity attractive, literary criticism must work, and through its analytical efforts, it would make it understandable, because not all of the readers (or very few) manage to understand the messages, and analyse the meaning of figurative language of artistic writing, therefore interpretation, and mediation in this matter takes its true role. Literary criticism and its role is irreplaceable, not only as a theory, but also as a science in itself. It would make the literary art more acceptable and necessary in school books, especially with the acceptable psychological and pedagogical scientific suggestions. After all, children's literature itself has a goal, i.e. artistic and ethical education through acceptable literary forms.

Received: 8 December 2022 / Accepted: 6 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023