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Book science has old and deep traditions in Lithuania. At the beginning of the 19th century book science has become the object of scientific discussions not only in Europe but also in Lithuania. There are two main periods of book science – primary and theoretical. It is important also to take note of period of modern book science which has been developing from 1990. The science and its creators have significant achievements which should be summed up. The object of this work is Lithuanian book science from the beginning of the 19th century to these days. The purpose is to show the maturity of book science and its role in the general context of sciences system of Lithuania. The main tasks are: to analyse the activity of the most important and significant institutions which are forming the organization ant structure of book science; to analyse the continuous publication "Knygotyra" and international conferences of book science which are organized in Lithuania; to bring out the foremost creators of Lithuanian book science and to show the main ideas and conceptions which were dominating in their studies as well alternation of that ideas and conceptions in particular period by appealing to their studies; to sum up the state of modern book science and show the factors conditioning it. There were used the methods of analysis of published and not published sources, historiographical, comparative, statistical analysis of data, bibliographical and estimation of experts methods in this work. There was come to the conclusion that the leaders of science schools have had the most influence on development of Lithuanian book science. Their alternation has prompted alterations of ranges and methodological solutions of conception, structure and object of research of book science, at once the advance of science. The activity of pioneers of book science Joachimas Lelewelis and Aleksandras Wiktoras Bohatkiewiczius has been important in primary period of development of book science. There can be accentuated the schools of two scientists – Vaclovas Biržiška and Levas Vladimirovas – in the development of theoretical book science. The school of modern book science has formed under the influence of the said scientists. Each school has special brands. The strong tendency of continuity of science traditions and main ideas allows speak about forming the school of wider dimension – national school. Important features which proclaim the existence of school are the following: formed institutional system of book science and its purposeful activity; publishing of continuous publication "Knygotyra"; organization of yearly international conferences of book science; publication of fundamental studies; creation of theoretical opinions resumptive studies; working of postgraduate and doctoral studies of book science; recognition of research results abroad. The alternation of named features in point of quality and quantity as well the increase of complex of these features leads towards substantiation of proposition that book science is mature science. The increase of collective of scientists, rational planning of research work, wideness and modernization of field of range of book science research problems, inducement of advance of book science internationally and role of Lithuanian book science how leader in neighbour Baltic states are the identificators of maturity of science also. Attribution to underlying lithuanistical research and received sponsorship for pursued research works and projects of publishing by programmes which are realized by government of the state reflect the role of book science in the general context of sciences system in Lithuania best. The importance and role of book science have been increasing in culture of Lithuania of late years especially. The traditional and the new researches of book science expand importantly and guarantee the sphere of knowledge and succession of state's cultural heritage.

Book science has old and deep traditions in Lithuania. At the beginning of the 19th century book science has become the object of scientific discussions not only in Europe but also in Lithuania. There are two main periods of book science – primary and theoretical. It is important also to take note of period of modern book science which has been developing from 1990. The science and its creators have significant achievements which should be summed up. The object of this work is Lithuanian book science from the beginning of the 19th century to these days. The purpose is to show the maturity of book science and its role in the general context of sciences system of Lithuania. The main tasks are: to analyse the activity of the most important and significant institutions which are forming the organization ant structure of book science; to analyse the continuous publication "Knygotyra" and international conferences of book science which are organized in Lithuania; to bring out the foremost creators of Lithuanian book science and to show the main ideas and conceptions which were dominating in their studies as well alternation of that ideas and conceptions in particular period by appealing to their studies; to sum up the state of modern book science and show the factors conditioning it. There were used the methods of analysis of published and not published sources, historiographical, comparative, statistical analysis of data, bibliographical and estimation of experts methods in this work. There was come to the conclusion that the leaders of science schools have had the most influence on development of Lithuanian book science. Their alternation has prompted alterations of ranges and methodological solutions of conception, structure and object of research of book science, at once the advance of science. The activity of pioneers of book science Joachimas Lelewelis and Aleksandras Wiktoras Bohatkiewiczius has been important in primary period of development of book science. There can be accentuated the schools of two scientists – Vaclovas Biržiška and Levas Vladimirovas – in the development of theoretical book science. The school of modern book science has formed under the influence of the said scientists. Each school has special brands. The strong tendency of continuity of science traditions and main ideas allows speak about forming the school of wider dimension – national school. Important features which proclaim the existence of school are the following: formed institutional system of book science and its purposeful activity; publishing of continuous publication "Knygotyra"; organization of yearly international conferences of book science; publication of fundamental studies; creation of theoretical opinions resumptive studies; working of postgraduate and doctoral studies of book science; recognition of research results abroad. The alternation of named features in point of quality and quantity as well the increase of complex of these features leads towards substantiation of proposition that book science is mature science. The increase of collective of scientists, rational planning of research work, wideness and modernization of field of range of book science research problems, inducement of advance of book science internationally and role of Lithuanian book science how leader in neighbour Baltic states are the identificators of maturity of science also. Attribution to underlying lithuanistical research and received sponsorship for pursued research works and projects of publishing by programmes which are realized by government of the state reflect the role of book science in the general context of sciences system in Lithuania best. The importance and role of book science have been increasing in culture of Lithuania of late years especially. The traditional and the new researches of book science expand importantly and guarantee the sphere of knowledge and succession of state's cultural heritage.

The paper examines a polemic that rose after the publishing of Vytautas Kubilius' book 20th Century Literature in 1995: the main topics, forms, and development; the positions and professional, institutional, and generation dependence of its participants, their arguments and rhetoric. The number and fervour of reviews was evidence of the importance and influence attached to Kubilius' work, but at the same time it highlighted different approaches to literature (an artistic composition or a social phenomenon performing aesthetic, social and political functions), its historic process (homogeneous or multiplex), expectations of literary studies (uncompromisingly objective or subjective, Soviet vs Western, with priorities given to aesthetics or attention to social functions). The polemic displayed a particular sensitivity to various interpretations of Lithuanian literature of the Soviet period and the problematic place of the post-Soviet critic. The paper also considers the way the history of literature written by Kubilius could be read and interpreted after a decade of its publications, especially the possibility of a different estimation of his attention to historical contexts and ideological aspects in the perspective of contemporary literary studies.

The paper examines a polemic that rose after the publishing of Vytautas Kubilius' book 20th Century Literature in 1995: the main topics, forms, and development; the positions and professional, institutional, and generation dependence of its participants, their arguments and rhetoric. The number and fervour of reviews was evidence of the importance and influence attached to Kubilius' work, but at the same time it highlighted different approaches to literature (an artistic composition or a social phenomenon performing aesthetic, social and political functions), its historic process (homogeneous or multiplex), expectations of literary studies (uncompromisingly objective or subjective, Soviet vs Western, with priorities given to aesthetics or attention to social functions). The polemic displayed a particular sensitivity to various interpretations of Lithuanian literature of the Soviet period and the problematic place of the post-Soviet critic. The paper also considers the way the history of literature written by Kubilius could be read and interpreted after a decade of its publications, especially the possibility of a different estimation of his attention to historical contexts and ideological aspects in the perspective of contemporary literary studies.

The paper analyses four characters ofliterary fairy tales: The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi, The Golden Key or The Adventures of Buratino by Alexei Tolstoy, The Magic Inkpot by Mykolas Sluckis and A Tale of the Forest by Eduardas Mieželaitis. Their common feature, at first sight, is only a wooden body; however, some similar inner characteristics should be noticed. All those characters represent the child's behaviour and mentality. The most influential work is The Adventures of Pinocchio; the didactic nature of the work can be traced in other works, although didacticism is softened and modified. The adventurous plot of the works is also their common characteristic. A Tale of the Forest by Mieželaitis represents the new stage of development of the Lithuanian Children's literature. Children's literature in the 1980s, by using the so called Aesop's language, dared to raise more complicated, even politically dangerous ideas. The protagonist of the work partly represents resistance and revolt. The "birth" of the character is also different: he was not simply carved of a piece of wood; he is an offspring of a lonely woman and a mythic creature, who mainly represents Nature. That is why the character is more metaphorical, more sophisticated, compared with Pinocchio and Buratino.

The paper analyses four characters ofliterary fairy tales: The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi, The Golden Key or The Adventures of Buratino by Alexei Tolstoy, The Magic Inkpot by Mykolas Sluckis and A Tale of the Forest by Eduardas Mieželaitis. Their common feature, at first sight, is only a wooden body; however, some similar inner characteristics should be noticed. All those characters represent the child's behaviour and mentality. The most influential work is The Adventures of Pinocchio; the didactic nature of the work can be traced in other works, although didacticism is softened and modified. The adventurous plot of the works is also their common characteristic. A Tale of the Forest by Mieželaitis represents the new stage of development of the Lithuanian Children's literature. Children's literature in the 1980s, by using the so called Aesop's language, dared to raise more complicated, even politically dangerous ideas. The protagonist of the work partly represents resistance and revolt. The "birth" of the character is also different: he was not simply carved of a piece of wood; he is an offspring of a lonely woman and a mythic creature, who mainly represents Nature. That is why the character is more metaphorical, more sophisticated, compared with Pinocchio and Buratino.

The paper analyses four characters ofliterary fairy tales: The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi, The Golden Key or The Adventures of Buratino by Alexei Tolstoy, The Magic Inkpot by Mykolas Sluckis and A Tale of the Forest by Eduardas Mieželaitis. Their common feature, at first sight, is only a wooden body; however, some similar inner characteristics should be noticed. All those characters represent the child's behaviour and mentality. The most influential work is The Adventures of Pinocchio; the didactic nature of the work can be traced in other works, although didacticism is softened and modified. The adventurous plot of the works is also their common characteristic. A Tale of the Forest by Mieželaitis represents the new stage of development of the Lithuanian Children's literature. Children's literature in the 1980s, by using the so called Aesop's language, dared to raise more complicated, even politically dangerous ideas. The protagonist of the work partly represents resistance and revolt. The "birth" of the character is also different: he was not simply carved of a piece of wood; he is an offspring of a lonely woman and a mythic creature, who mainly represents Nature. That is why the character is more metaphorical, more sophisticated, compared with Pinocchio and Buratino.

The paper analyses four characters ofliterary fairy tales: The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi, The Golden Key or The Adventures of Buratino by Alexei Tolstoy, The Magic Inkpot by Mykolas Sluckis and A Tale of the Forest by Eduardas Mieželaitis. Their common feature, at first sight, is only a wooden body; however, some similar inner characteristics should be noticed. All those characters represent the child's behaviour and mentality. The most influential work is The Adventures of Pinocchio; the didactic nature of the work can be traced in other works, although didacticism is softened and modified. The adventurous plot of the works is also their common characteristic. A Tale of the Forest by Mieželaitis represents the new stage of development of the Lithuanian Children's literature. Children's literature in the 1980s, by using the so called Aesop's language, dared to raise more complicated, even politically dangerous ideas. The protagonist of the work partly represents resistance and revolt. The "birth" of the character is also different: he was not simply carved of a piece of wood; he is an offspring of a lonely woman and a mythic creature, who mainly represents Nature. That is why the character is more metaphorical, more sophisticated, compared with Pinocchio and Buratino.

The object of the research is the development of the temporary capital image in the literature. This study aims to analyze the tendencies of the literary mythopoetics of the interwar Kaunas caused by specific historical circumstances, and to track the shifts in reflection on the temporary capital in the Lithuanian literature brought about by changes in the historical, political, social and cultural situation of the 20th century and the beginning of 21st century.The method of mythopoetic analysis of a city applied for this research is directed to the recognition of characteristic symbolic images of temporary capital which have been crystallised in the collective consciousness and appear as literary texts. The historical-political circumstances had a decisive influence on the trends mythologizing the temporary capital in the 20 and 21st centuries in Lithuanian literature. The social and cultural issues facing temporary capital and interwar Lithuania in general took the form of framework for mythologised narrative about a pernicious City – one that stands in the path of the individual's life as a fateful challenge to be overcome in the search of identity. The mythopoetics of interwar Kaunas completely changed its direction in the postwar émigré literature: with the net of historical circumstances receding to the background and the tendency of mythologisation gaining strength, the social-cultural contradictions of independence period retreated to the background and the narrative of temporary capital fatefully converged with the reflection on the fate of the state it represented. Contrary to the narrative of the temporary capital which was idealised, reducing political and social contradictions in the diaspora literature, in the Soviet Lithuania the memory of the interwar Kaunas, as well as the whole of period of the independent Lithuanian, was ideologically demonised, bringing the vices of the bourgeois and authoritarian regimes to the first place. The contemporary myth of the temporary capital is generated by the antagonism between the independence and the Soviet occupation: the progressive, Western-oriented culture of the interwar Kaunas and the creative breakthrough of the artists and intellectuals of the temporary capital are contrasted with the cultural, intellectual and spiritual stagnation of the totalitarian system.

The object of the research is the development of the temporary capital image in the literature. This study aims to analyze the tendencies of the literary mythopoetics of the interwar Kaunas caused by specific historical circumstances, and to track the shifts in reflection on the temporary capital in the Lithuanian literature brought about by changes in the historical, political, social and cultural situation of the 20th century and the beginning of 21st century.The method of mythopoetic analysis of a city applied for this research is directed to the recognition of characteristic symbolic images of temporary capital which have been crystallised in the collective consciousness and appear as literary texts. The historical-political circumstances had a decisive influence on the trends mythologizing the temporary capital in the 20 and 21st centuries in Lithuanian literature. The social and cultural issues facing temporary capital and interwar Lithuania in general took the form of framework for mythologised narrative about a pernicious City – one that stands in the path of the individual's life as a fateful challenge to be overcome in the search of identity. The mythopoetics of interwar Kaunas completely changed its direction in the postwar émigré literature: with the net of historical circumstances receding to the background and the tendency of mythologisation gaining strength, the social-cultural contradictions of independence period retreated to the background and the narrative of temporary capital fatefully converged with the reflection on the fate of the state it represented. Contrary to the narrative of the temporary capital which was idealised, reducing political and social contradictions in the diaspora literature, in the Soviet Lithuania the memory of the interwar Kaunas, as well as the whole of period of the independent Lithuanian, was ideologically demonised, bringing the vices of the bourgeois and authoritarian regimes to the first place. The contemporary myth of the temporary capital is generated by the antagonism between the independence and the Soviet occupation: the progressive, Western-oriented culture of the interwar Kaunas and the creative breakthrough of the artists and intellectuals of the temporary capital are contrasted with the cultural, intellectual and spiritual stagnation of the totalitarian system.

The object of the research is the development of the temporary capital image in the literature. This study aims to analyze the tendencies of the literary mythopoetics of the interwar Kaunas caused by specific historical circumstances, and to track the shifts in reflection on the temporary capital in the Lithuanian literature brought about by changes in the historical, political, social and cultural situation of the 20th century and the beginning of 21st century.The method of mythopoetic analysis of a city applied for this research is directed to the recognition of characteristic symbolic images of temporary capital which have been crystallised in the collective consciousness and appear as literary texts. The historical-political circumstances had a decisive influence on the trends mythologizing the temporary capital in the 20 and 21st centuries in Lithuanian literature. The social and cultural issues facing temporary capital and interwar Lithuania in general took the form of framework for mythologised narrative about a pernicious City – one that stands in the path of the individual's life as a fateful challenge to be overcome in the search of identity. The mythopoetics of interwar Kaunas completely changed its direction in the postwar émigré literature: with the net of historical circumstances receding to the background and the tendency of mythologisation gaining strength, the social-cultural contradictions of independence period retreated to the background and the narrative of temporary capital fatefully converged with the reflection on the fate of the state it represented. Contrary to the narrative of the temporary capital which was idealised, reducing political and social contradictions in the diaspora literature, in the Soviet Lithuania the memory of the interwar Kaunas, as well as the whole of period of the independent Lithuanian, was ideologically demonised, bringing the vices of the bourgeois and authoritarian regimes to the first place. The contemporary myth of the temporary capital is generated by the antagonism between the independence and the Soviet occupation: the progressive, Western-oriented culture of the interwar Kaunas and the creative breakthrough of the artists and intellectuals of the temporary capital are contrasted with the cultural, intellectual and spiritual stagnation of the totalitarian system.

The object of the research is the development of the temporary capital image in the literature. This study aims to analyze the tendencies of the literary mythopoetics of the interwar Kaunas caused by specific historical circumstances, and to track the shifts in reflection on the temporary capital in the Lithuanian literature brought about by changes in the historical, political, social and cultural situation of the 20th century and the beginning of 21st century.The method of mythopoetic analysis of a city applied for this research is directed to the recognition of characteristic symbolic images of temporary capital which have been crystallised in the collective consciousness and appear as literary texts. The historical-political circumstances had a decisive influence on the trends mythologizing the temporary capital in the 20 and 21st centuries in Lithuanian literature. The social and cultural issues facing temporary capital and interwar Lithuania in general took the form of framework for mythologised narrative about a pernicious City – one that stands in the path of the individual's life as a fateful challenge to be overcome in the search of identity. The mythopoetics of interwar Kaunas completely changed its direction in the postwar émigré literature: with the net of historical circumstances receding to the background and the tendency of mythologisation gaining strength, the social-cultural contradictions of independence period retreated to the background and the narrative of temporary capital fatefully converged with the reflection on the fate of the state it represented. Contrary to the narrative of the temporary capital which was idealised, reducing political and social contradictions in the diaspora literature, in the Soviet Lithuania the memory of the interwar Kaunas, as well as the whole of period of the independent Lithuanian, was ideologically demonised, bringing the vices of the bourgeois and authoritarian regimes to the first place. The contemporary myth of the temporary capital is generated by the antagonism between the independence and the Soviet occupation: the progressive, Western-oriented culture of the interwar Kaunas and the creative breakthrough of the artists and intellectuals of the temporary capital are contrasted with the cultural, intellectual and spiritual stagnation of the totalitarian system.

The object of the research is the development of the temporary capital image in the literature. This study aims to analyze the tendencies of the literary mythopoetics of the interwar Kaunas caused by specific historical circumstances, and to track the shifts in reflection on the temporary capital in the Lithuanian literature brought about by changes in the historical, political, social and cultural situation of the 20th century and the beginning of 21st century.The method of mythopoetic analysis of a city applied for this research is directed to the recognition of characteristic symbolic images of temporary capital which have been crystallised in the collective consciousness and appear as literary texts. The historical-political circumstances had a decisive influence on the trends mythologizing the temporary capital in the 20 and 21st centuries in Lithuanian literature. The social and cultural issues facing temporary capital and interwar Lithuania in general took the form of framework for mythologised narrative about a pernicious City – one that stands in the path of the individual's life as a fateful challenge to be overcome in the search of identity. The mythopoetics of interwar Kaunas completely changed its direction in the postwar émigré literature: with the net of historical circumstances receding to the background and the tendency of mythologisation gaining strength, the social-cultural contradictions of independence period retreated to the background and the narrative of temporary capital fatefully converged with the reflection on the fate of the state it represented. Contrary to the narrative of the temporary capital which was idealised, reducing political and social contradictions in the diaspora literature, in the Soviet Lithuania the memory of the interwar Kaunas, as well as the whole of period of the independent Lithuanian, was ideologically demonised, bringing the vices of the bourgeois and authoritarian regimes to the first place. The contemporary myth of the temporary capital is generated by the antagonism between the independence and the Soviet occupation: the progressive, Western-oriented culture of the interwar Kaunas and the creative breakthrough of the artists and intellectuals of the temporary capital are contrasted with the cultural, intellectual and spiritual stagnation of the totalitarian system.