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Contents -- Introduction -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Language Planning and Language Change -- Chapter 2 Linguistic Diversity -- Chapter 3 Standard and Non-Standard Variations -- Chapter 4 Language in Education -- Chapter 5 New Conventions -- Chapter 6 The Language of Bureaucracy -- Chapter 7 The Language of Politicians -- Chapter 8 The Language of Newspapers -- Chapter 9 The Language of Advertising -- Chapter 10 The Language of Young People -- Chapter 11 Italian and English in Italy -- Chapter 12 Italian in English-Speaking Countries -- Chapter 13 Italian in Multilingual Europe -- Conclusions -- References -- Index

In literature in English, and in the popular imagination in English-speaking countries generally, the Minoan period is a kind of golden age, an Atlantis or Garden of Eden before the Fall. And, in such a construction, the Fall comes with the Mycenaeans, who are represented as a tough, militaristic people who destroyed Troy for trade reasons. This chapter traces the emergence of the idealistic depiction of the Minoans in response to the circumstances before, during, and after World War II. While some recent authors have begun to challenge the image of happy and peaceful Minoans, it suggests that the Minoans and Mycenaeans are still locked into antithetical perceptions that hinder real understanding of the cultures.

Privacy is a concept that has evolved a lot in the past century: from the original right to seclusion and to one's own self-determination without external invasion of private spaces, the technological changes occurred in society have transformed it into a complex set of rights to provide individuals with some degree of control over the processing and the flow of their own personal data. After a long delay in adopting data protection laws when compared to other countries, Italy put up a steep pace and introduced a novelty in the law currently in force, d.lgs. 196/03: the principle of necessity. This provision, significantly located among the three "top principles" in data protection, imposes on data controllers a limitation on the use of personal data, requiring the processing of anonymous data whenever possible. The principle has been in force since 2003, and the Italian authority for the protection of personal data is firm in its enforcement, invoking it in many decisions. The present work slowly zooms in on the principle of necessity: it starts from a broad history of the concept of privacy up to the current times; then it surveys the various approaches to a privacy law in the international scene, with a major attention to the European context; a timeline of the Italian legislation, with a summary of the current discipline, follows. Finally, the focus is centered on art. 3 of the law, containing the principle of necessity: from a general explanation to theoretical literature on the subject, not forgetting the application performed so far by the Guarantor with a number of examples in several fields. The conclusive analysis tries to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the provision by putting it in the perspective of its natural application field: a society where information, and even more the Internet, have dramatically changed the business models and favored the birth of new, opposing interests.

I dati formano il nostro "io" digitale e costituiscono il fondamento di ogni attività umana. Il governo della data society passa dal governo dei dati e il diritto è chiamato a disciplinare i volti assunti dai dati, dalle informazioni e dalla conoscenza nella contemporaneità e a tutelare i diritti coinvolti. In una realtà caratterizzata da amministrazioni aperte e cittadinanza digitale, il lavoro mira ad esaminare gli strumenti di conoscenza relativi alle diverse configurazioni dei dati, identificate nei closed data e nei relativi volti della trasparenza (proattiva e reattiva), negli open data e nei big data. L'analisi degli strumenti di conoscenza permette di comprendere le questioni che si pongono al diritto: le connessioni intricate di dati rivelano connessioni intricate di diritti, da bilanciare al fine di tutelare la persona e la società democratica. Il lavoro esamina la disciplina e le problematiche dei diritti maggiormente coinvolti nella data governance, in specifico right to know, identità, oblio, diritto d'autore e protezione dei dati personali, alla ricerca del bilanciamento tra gli stessi nelle diverse configurazioni assunte dai dati. In conclusione il lavoro arriva a suggerire un bilanciamento tra diritti nel governo dei dati basato sulla centralità della persona, in particolare sulla dignità e sullo sviluppo della stessa. La tutela dei diritti può basarsi su un approccio preventivo e tecnologico by default e by design e sull'accountability dei soggetti, immaginando soluzioni capaci di innovare i paradigmi tradizionali e minimizzare i rischi di asimmetria, controllo e sorveglianza, come gli open big data e forme di tutela collettiva; il rinnovamento del diritto passa da una costruzione di matrice globale e multistakeholder ed è guidato da un approccio etico. Il ruolo del diritto e la forza dei diritti sono necessari al governo della data society e alla tutela della persona nell'era digitale: ubi data society, ibi ius. ; The data form our digital self and constitute the foundation of every human activity. The government of data society passes from data governance and the law is called upon to regulate the faces assumed by data, information and knowledge in contemporary society and to protect the involved rights. In a reality characterized by open administrations and digital citizenship, this work aims to examine the tools of knowledge related to the different data configurations, identified in closed data and in the related faces of disclosure (proactive and reactive), in open data and in big data. The analysis of the tools of knowledge makes it possible to understand the issues that arise in law: the intricate connections of data reveal intricate connections of rights, which must be balanced in order to protect the individual and the democratic society. This work examines the discipline and the issues of the rights most involved in data governance, specifically right to know, identity, right to be forgotten, copyright and data protection. In conclusion, the work suggests a balance between rights in data governance based on the central role of the individual, in particular on the dignity and the development of the individual himself. The protection of the rights can be based on a preventive and technological approach by default and by design and on the accountability of the subjects, imagining solutions capable of minimizing the risks of asymmetry, control and surveillance, such as open big data and forms of collective protection; the renewal of law is based on a global and multistakeholder construction that is guided by an ethical approach. The role of law and the force of rights are necessary for the governance of data society and for the protection of the individual in the digital age: ubi data society, ibi ius.

The globalized society in which we live is digital and individualistic. It requiresus to think education as a science which must fit to the society'schanges and which can educate individuals who are able to "extricate themselves"in the society's difficulties. This is meaningful in our global societywhere nothing is certain and everything becomes temporary and liquid (Bauman2006). The role of the school is increasingly central in the education ofthe global citizen who knows how to live in a new society and in a new sociality.In this paper, the author will try, starting from the changes of theglobal society, to outline the task of a democratic school face the challengesof the post-human society. ; La società in cui viviamo globalizzata, digitale e individualistica, ci imponedi ripensare l'educazione come scienza che possa adattarsi ai cambiamentisociali e possa gettare le basi per formare soggetti che sappiano "districarsi"nei meandri di una società, quella attuale, dove nulla è certo e tutto diventaprovvisorio e liquido (Bauman, 2006). Il ruolo della scuola è sempre più centralenella formazione del cittadino globale che sappia vivere in pienezzauna nuova società e una nuova socialità. In questo contributo l'autore cercherà,a partire dai cambiamenti in atto, di delineare il compito di una scuolademocratica capace di affrontare le sfide della società post umana.

Die Freie Universität Berlin hat dem Literaturwissenschaftler, Schriftsteller und Essayist Claudio Magris am 11. Mai 2017 die Ehrendoktorwürde des Fachbereichs Philosophie und Geisteswissenschaften verliehen. Die Ansprachen, Laudatio und Dankesrede sowie die Beiträge eines am 12. Mai 2017 in Anwesenheit des Laureaten abgehaltenen Studientags bilden den ersten Band der Schriften des Italienzentrums der Freien Universität Berlin. Das viel beachtete Werk von Claudio Magris wurde bisher aus einer Reihe von wissenschaftlichen Perspektiven untersucht. Unter anderem hat man sich mit der Bedeutung von Orten und Örtlichkeiten in den Texten von Magris befasst, mit der politisch-historischen Dimension seines Schreibens (etwa der Bedeutung des Konzepts 'Mitteleuropa') oder mit der Problematik von Übersetzen und Übersetzung im Horizont seines Schaffens. Ein Aspekt ist dabei weitgehend vernachlässigt worden: die Frage nach der Literarizität von Magris' Texten. Sie betrifft zunächst insbesondere die in einem engeren Sinn 'literarischen' Publikationen des Autors, also etwa die Erzählungen Illazioni su una sciabola (1984) und Un altro mare (1991), die Romane Alla cieca (2005) und Non luogo a procedere (2015), Theaterstücke wie Stadelmann (1988) oder einen Text wie Le voci (1994), den die Kritik unter anderem als Theatermonolog, Radiodramma, aber auch als Erzählung bezeichnet hat. Im weiteren Sinne geht es bei dieser Frage aber auch um eine Reihe anderer Texte von Magris, darunter den viel berufenen Bestseller Danubio (1986). Die Literarizität all solcher Texte zu untersuchen impliziert mehrere Problemstellungen, darunter Fragen wie diese: Lassen sich bestimmte literarische Gattungstraditionen identifizieren, auf die sich die literarischen Dimensionen von Magris' Produktion beziehen? Wie sind überhaupt – angesichts der sehr schwankenden genremäßigen Einordnungen von Magris' Büchern im Allgemeinen – Gattungszuordnungen seiner literarischen Texte möglich? In welchem Verhältnis stehen in ihnen Fiktionalität und Faktualität? ...

Il saggio analizza il rapporto paradossale tra vecchi e nuovi media, con particolare riferimento a come questi ultimi trasformano la vita politica contemporanea e i modi di esercitare la democrazia. Muovendo dall'analisi della serie televisiva britannica Black Mirror, e in particolare analizzando la performance artistica messa in atto nel primo episodio all'interno di un format tipico del reality show, il saggio rileva gli effetti allarmanti che i nuovi media hanno sulle nostre vite, interrogandosi al contempo su chi davvero possa essere considerato oggi il detentore della capacità di esercitare il potere nella società in rete.

Italy, as well as other European Countries, is now destination of many migrationflows. This situation creates several political, economic, social andcultural problems. A new concept of society is growing up, not tied to localculture circumscribed stereotypes, but open to multiple ways explanatory;an interacting society that takes on a new dimension, which we might call"migrant society".The idea of a migrant society and the complex dynamics of cultural interactions,requires a new way of thinking about the educational processes, anew teaching strategy that can synergistically intersect with various and differentcultural approaches. ; L'Italia, come altri Paesi europei, è oggi meta privilegiata e terra di apprododi ingenti flussi migratori extracomunitari, con conseguenti complesse edifficili problematiche di natura politica, economica, sociale e culturale. Sidelinea, in questo panorama, una nuova idea di società, non più legata astereotipi locali e a impianti culturali circoscritti e limitati, ma aperta amolteplici modalità esplicative; una società dai contorni interagenti che assumeuna nuova dimensione, che qui potremmo definire migrante.L'idea di una società migrante (e delle complesse dinamiche di interazioneculturale che ne specificano l'essenza) richiede, sia un nuovo modo di intenderee di pensare il processo educativo, sia una nuova capacità d'azionemetodologico-strategico-didattica, in grado di intersecare, in maniera sinergica,esigenze diverse e differenti approcci culturali.

open ; Il lavoro affronta il tema della costruzione identitaria all'interno dei social network sites, e intende leggere le attività di pubblicazione di contenuti personali sui social network in continuità con la tradizione di ricerca su identità e narrazione di sé, indagando come questi ambienti online possano "rimediare" dispositivi classici della narrazione personale all'interno delle dinamiche caratteristiche dei networked publics e interrogandosi sul potenziale in termini riflessivi delle tracce lasciate sul web dagli utenti. La ricerca si concentra in particolare su Facebook, sia per il livello di penetrazione del servizio, sia per il fatto che, rispetto ad altri SNS, è quello che maggiormente si basa sul paradigma della condivisione personale. Un'attenzione particolare è dedicata alla recente trasformazione dell'interfaccia utente nel cosiddetto "diario personale": l'introduzione della timeline ha infatti reso più immediata la navigazione temporale all'interno del profilo, andando ad incidere sulle strategie di gestione e revisione dei contenuti, con possibili ricadute in termini di riflessività personale. La ricerca si concentra sulle coorti giovanili di utenti italiani (fasce 13-18, 19-24 e 25-30 anni) comprendendo così sia coloro che nel nostro paese sono stati gli early-adopters di Facebook, sia l'attuale fascia adolescenziale, che può essere definita come la prima generazione italiana completamente "naturalizzata" all'utilizzo dei social network. ; Scienze Della Comunicazione ; new media, social media, media literacy, media education, mobile learning ; open ; Bruni, Isabella ; Bruni, Isabella

As part of the strategies to promote health in urban areas, the Italian Society of Hygiene (SItI) has updated its recommendations for "healthy, safe and sustainable housing". They were issued by an ad hoc SitI working group on the basis of the best available evidence retrieved from a review of the scientific and legal literature on the topic and in line with World Health Organisation, European Union, and other international bodies statements. SItI document includes recommendations for environmental comfort, mental and social wellbeing, environmental protection as well as the safety of people who dwell houses. In addition to typical issues (such as relative humidity parameters, ventilation, and safety rules), SItI recommendations address innovative aspects such as building compatibility between different functions, building safety management and green area design. In this context, SItI recommendations emphasise the need of a strengthened interaction between architects and public health experts to ensure the complete wellbeing in houses where people spend more than 50% of their lives.

In the wide debate about the crisis of the welfare systems in Europe, the very role of the State has been challenged. The subsidiarity approach, in particular, has developed a very articulated theoretical discourse, showing the necessity to reform the social order in line with the principle of subsidiarity. The principle prescribes that the State needs to play a role of guarantee of the common good, while the provision of services has to be devolved to lower-level providers, with a public or a private status. This implies that the activation of private actors becomes a condition for the achievement of the common good. The research question guiding our analysis refers to how the State can act as the guardian of the common interest while its achievement is left to the mobilization of individuals and groups. After a presentation of the subsidiarity approach, and of its contribution to the debate on the redefinition of the role of the State, the analysis focuses on the Lombardy case as a model of "subsidiarity governance". We concentrate on the solutions identified by the regional government in order to promote the activation of people and civil society. In particular, we focus on the implementation of two policies presented by the regional government as "subsidiarity inspired": a school voucher scheme, introduced in 2000, targeted at families choosing private schools (Buono scuola) and a policy of promotion of family associations introduced in 1999. The analysis aims at evaluating the success of these policies in promoting subsidiarity-inspired choices, in order to assess how top-down interventions by the State can have an impact in stimulating bottom-up mobilization by the civil society.

In this essay the author shows what human beings share in a pluralistic society: on one side the great principles of speculative reason and, on the other side and above all, the great principles of practical reason (synteresis). In order to actualise these ancient suggestions the author underlines, the theme of mutual recognition, which passes through the best part of ethical and political contemporary thought. Within the notion of mutual recognition, terms like good, justice, freedom acquire their right and original meaning. Good what permits the flowering of my life; good is, therefore, to love myself; but I can love myself only by loving others as the ones who can make such flowering possible. Justice is to give everyone what he deserves. But what everyone deserves is to be recognised as a (transcendental) subjectivity. Freedom does not mean unconditioned arbitrary, but freedom to do good things. Since the first objective good, historically speaking, is the other's-being-there for me, freedom means, another time, freedom of recognising others as a good for me. Therefore doing, at the same time and in a certain order, my good through the other's good and the other's good through mine. Political good, if we remain at a molecular level.

L'oggetto del mio lavoro di ricerca è il fenomeno del crowdmapping in relazione ai processi partecipativi e di engagement, sia verso la mappa che in riferimento alla dimensione civica e politica, con l'obiettivo di comprendere, da un punto di vista sociologico, gli aspetti motivazionali che ne sono a monte, i fattori che possono agevolarne, oppure ostacolarne, lo sviluppo e le ricadute sociali. L'accesso alla produzione e fruizione di informazione geografica e, quindi, di mappe, attraverso le applicazioni cartografiche del web 2.0, sta rimettendo in discussione le narrazioni broadcasting dei territori, a testimonianza di una rinnovata esigenza di costruzione sociale della conoscenza espressa e articolata nelle maglie dell'architettura partecipativa del web sociale. Paradigmatico da questo punto di vista è il proliferare di piattaforme di crowdmapping che abilitano una costruzione collaborativa della conoscenza del territorio: una mappatura soggettiva che si fonda sulla partecipazione, intesa come invito alla condivisione di parole, immagini e suoni legati a un luogo; uno storytelling costruito dal basso e condiviso in rete, attraverso i media digitali e i Social Network Sites (SNS), all'interno del quale si mescolano soggettività e intersoggettività, e capace di esprimere e inter-definire prospettive e punti di vista alternativi sui fenomeni urbani. L'analisi sociologica delle trasformazioni in atto nei processi di produzione e fruizione di informazione geografica, da un lato, e nei processi di partecipazione civica e politica, dall'altro, entrambi connessi allo sviluppo delle tecnologie digitali, costituiscono il contesto di riferimento teorico del lavoro. La ricerca empirica, di natura esplorativa e condotta con un approccio empirico eminentemente qualitativo, si è articolata in un'indagine di sfondo e nella realizzazione di 4 studi di caso. ; The object of my research work is the phenomenon of crowdmapping in relation to participatory and engagement processes, concerning the mapping process itself and the civic and political dimension. It aims to understand, from a sociological point of view, crowdmapping upstream motivational aspects and both enabling and preventing factors affecting its social development and repercussions. Access to the production and use of geographic information, thus maps, through the web 2.0 mapping applications, is calling into question the broadcasting storytelling of the territories, witnessing a renewed need for social knowledge-making processes expressed and articulated in the social web participatory architecture. Paradigmatic from this point of view is the proliferation of crowdmapping platforms that enable a collaborative processing knowledge of the territory: a subjective mapping that is based on participation, meant as an invitation to sharing words, images and sounds related to a place; a bottom-up and networked storytelling, through digital media and Social Network Sites (SNS), within which subjectivity and intersubjectivity are blended, and it's capable of expressing and interpreting alternative perspectives and views on urban phenomena. The sociological analysis of the current transformations involving the production and use of geographic information processes, on the one hand, and the civic and political participation processes, on the other, both connected with the development of digital technologies, represents the theoretical background of this research work. Empirical research, of an exploratory nature and carried out with eminently qualitative empirical approach, it's been articulated in a background analysis and an analysis of 4 case studies.

"The text explores the phenomenon of violence, retracing the sociological theory from the classical paradigms to the frontier of interpretative readings outlined in the digital society age. The aim is to arrive at an interpretation on violence and the possible connections that go from traditional society, in the historiographic sense of action, to the challenges proposed by contemporary society. What is the form that violence takes today? Which are the indicators that allow you to recognize it? Following these reflections, this book raises the question about the social nature of violence in the many forms in which it manifests itself. The analysis that is proposed is therefore that of seeking the widespread dimensions within which the contemporary individual acts, as well as identifying the indicators that, through functional categories, can prevent and combat violence."