The aim of this study was to highlight the key finding of corporate political connections research. This study used 61 previous studies related to corporate political connections to develop a structured literature review. It was found that most studies were conducted in developing countries as they provided a unique institutional setting for conduct political connections research. In addition, a political connection is used as independent variables and the previous studies focuses on three related topics, which are corporate performance, corporate action, and loan and special rights. Literature review study become more important nowadays, as the number of empirical quantitative research amount has been increased lately. This analysis also has research and practical implementation for researcher, practitioners, and regulators.
This study examined the conceptualization of public policy consisting of public policy concepts, public policy models; Public policy process; Policy actor; Transportation infrastructure policy. Through this article it will be known the role of the policy actor in giving birth to public policy especially the transportation infrastructure policy. The actor's role will help in the success and/or failure of a policy in the field of transportation infrastructure. This was a literature study. Data in this study were collected through reviewing the literature from various sources such as googlescholar.com; sciencedirect.com and other relevant sources. The literatures that were referenced came from a variety of published years and from various policy issues that came from various countries. The conclusion of this writing was that the public policy and policy actor were very urgent and had important role of in childbirth infrastructure policy especially in the field of transportation. In the future, this article becomes a conceptual reference for interested parties to examine the issue of policy actor role in formulating public policy.
Educational quality assurance is an important part of the education system, its function is to ensure that the education process goes according to plan and is able to achieve the goals effectively and efficiently. The implementation of Digital Assurance in the English Literature Department of Surakarta IAIN is one of the innovative steps in the quality assurance process at Surakarta IAIN. This paper will describe the transformation process that occurs in the implementation of Digital Assurance. Data obtained from interviews and documentation studies. The analysis carried out concluded that the transformation process of quality assurance based on Digital Assurance in the Department of English Literature used a Top-Down pattern. Transformation is supported by leadership factors and strong commitment, adequate human resource support and a conducive organizational ecosystem.
The Personnel consideration Agencyhas the authority to carry out the administrative appeals process from the reception of the file until it considers, making the decision whether strengthened or scaled or cancelled as per the weight the violation is done in question. The decree is certainly signed by the Chairman and Secretary of BAPEK. This research aims to analyze the administrative appeals to the personnel consideration body as a final step in the administration appeals process, and then see the whole problem solving if there is a arbitrariness Stand out in the allotment of disciplinary penalties as in articles 3 and 4, namely the obligations and prohibitions to be complied with. The source of this research is used with two sources of legal resources, namely the primary legal source, which is the study of interviews to speakers who are competent in implementing the problem of resolving administrative appeals dispute and secondary legal source, namely data Obtained from the literature study by reading, quoting, and studying legislation, documents, books, dictionaries, and other literature relating to the issues to be discussed.
Indonesia's marine territory has become a big challenge for the Government of Indonesia to manage it. Nowadays, Indonesian marine has lot of regulation in the sea. But it's cannot prevent the basic interest of all people that earnings life from there. A lot of migrant has been smuggled in and by Indonesian's marine territory. The main concerns that arouse are: how should government give an equation for Indonesian migrant workers that are smuggled and how should the government put migrant workers protection to supply the equation for them. These questions will solve by a normative juridical study on the protection of natural resources and the resources of Indonesian fisherman. The study uses normative legal research which elaborated with conceptual approach from numbers of regulations that apply in marine labor law and employment law. This research is also complemented by a literature approach in the form of Indonesian legal literature and marine journals to address the issues raised in this paper. The findings in practice prove that the government should give more attention for the fisherman's welfare and protection related to fish catching. The objective protection for Indonesian marine resources is from regulated all the regulation to develop Indonesia economic from Maritime sector. It is all needed to make a new system in legal protection for Fisherman and Marine Resources in Indonesia.
Purpose of the study: This study aims to examine foreign debt as a source of financing for economic development. This research is expected to provide (1) an overview of debt as a source of funding for state projects, (2) investigate its impacts and (3) offer additional knowledge of its Islamic perspective. Methodology: This research is a qualitative study using the study literature approach. This research is conducted by analysing books, literature, journals, and magazines with themes related to the focus of the discussion on this study. It is expected that the method used can provide insight, general knowledge, and develop the view of Islam in relation to foreign debt. Main Findings: The government has to ensure that the state has the ability to pay off its obligations in the future; guarantee that loans have to be free from interest; prioritize taking loans from internal sources rather than external sources. In Addition, debts are not intended for deferred needs and not taking loans that exceed their needs. Applications of this study: basically the results of this study can be applied to any country that considers the use of public debt, like other Islamic systems. Novelty/Originality of this study:This research is conceptual research in an Islamic perspective. This study successfully examined comprehensively related to the public debt with the Islamic approach.
Abstract In the New Order era, in the late 1970s and early 1990s, the student movement was confronted with repressive actions by the government, a policy to restrict students' political activities. So the search for a new format of movement is a necessity, the study group is chosen as a new format of student movement. This research explains how the process of changing the formation of student movements from the study group to the Democratic People Party (PRD), as well as explaining the radical political activities of the PRD from the New Order until post-reform. This study is a literature study using written data. The objective of the study was to raise the role of non-mainstream party politics in the contemporary Indonesian political stage. In the context of the social movement that became the object of this study, transformation takes place in several forms. First, the change from study groups that examine critical social literature and marxism, underground, transformed into a "formal institution" movement in the form of an Action Committee and a non-governmental organization (NGO). Second, the change from the Committee of Action and Non-Governmental Organizations into a political party (PRD). Third, the change of movement format from the "resistance" party to the electoral party after the fall of the New Order government. And Fourth, change back into social movement of political party. Keywords: Democratic People Party; Radicalism; Social Movements; Study club.
In 1942, proletarian writer, Takeda Rintarō, was sent from Japan to the Dutch East-Indies (Indonesia) as part of the Sendenbu (propaganda squad), where he led the literature section in the Keimin Bunka Shidōshō (cultural center) in Jakarta. Jawa sarasa documents Takeda Rintaro's activities and cultural experiences in Java, Indonesia, after he returned to Japan in 1944. Most Japanese literature and cultural writings about Nanyō or Nanpō ("South Islands" - South Asia and the Pacific, including Indonesia) from this era reference the concept of Imperialism in Asia. In the pre-war period, stereotypes such as dojin (local primitive) and tōmin (islander) defined South Island people as being lesser than or "other" than the Japanese people. Japanese literary depictions of tropical Eden's and exotic "uncivilized people" reflect similar perceptions and writings by Western authors towards Asia in the 19th century. This paper explores Takeda Rintarō's perspectives of "otherness" in prewar discourses about Indonesia. Through the influence of "The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere" propaganda concept, the ideology of "sameness" was becoming a hegemonic cultural idea in Takeda's writings about Indonesia. Conversely, however, Takeda's depiction of the double-occupation of Java, with the political rule of Holland and economic domination of daily life by Chinese immigrants, implied criticism of Japan's administrative policies regarding economic exploitation in Java. Takeda's criticisms of Japanese policy are bedded in his emotion for the nature, culture and people of Indonesia.
Budgeting for a state or a country seems to be the most important part to handle administration and government policy in term of socio economic reason. In practice, a lot of government tends to subscribe a balance budget whereby it is striving to balance between revenues and expenditures accurately. Unfortunately, this balancing post uses a debt and foreign aid charged by interest to cover any shortage in revenues. In the real context, the budget deficit management based on debt is still controversial and considered inappropriate with developing country conditions which their economies are unstable and fluctuated. Unfortunately, many countries in the world including Muslim-populated countries subscribe budget deficit system whereby the sources of its fund are backed up by debt. The focus of this paper is to analyze two main sensitive issues of the Indonesian economy in the light of Maqasid Al Shariah. This study employs a method of literature review and combined with data analysis. Actually, Islam has a very rich literature legacy in administrating public sector economy and it becomes important theory and framework as a stance or point of view to analyze the prevailing system. The high interest rate payment is the main issue of public sector expenditure. Indonesian government seems no choices to resolve its public sector economy and relies too much on debt management. For social welfare expenditure there has been a misallocation in emphasizing budget expenditure whereby oil and petroleum subsidy consume almost majority of the total welfare expenditure in Indonesian public sector economy
Abstract: This study aims to determine the relationship of good governance based on e-government and bureaucratic reforms in order to improve the performance of the Aceh Government Unit. Population in this research is the Government of Aceh. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach to the study of literature. The results showed that e-government and reform the bureaucracy associated with the implementation of good governance and performance as well as good governance related to performance. The benefits are expected to be accommodated by the results of this study are as references and resources as well as to conduct further research or similar research, in order to provide input to the implementation of good governance based on e-government to the reform of the bureaucracy and its impact on government performance more perfect in the future which will come. Keywords:Implementation of Good Governance, E-government, Bureaucratic Reforms, Performance Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubunganpenerapan good governanceberbasis e-governmentdanreformasi birokrasidalam rangka meningkatkan kinerja Satuan Kerja PemerintahAceh. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Pemerintah Aceh. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa e-governmentdan reformasi birokrasi berhubungan dengan penerapan good governance dan kinerjaserta penerapan good governanceberhubungan dengan kinerja. Manfaat yang diharapkan dapat diakomodir oleh hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai referensi dan sumber informasi serta untuk melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut atau penelitian yang sejenis, guna memberikan masukan untuk penerapan good governanceberbasiskan e-governmentmenuju reformasi birokrasi dan dampaknya terhadap kinerja pemerintah yang lebih sempurna di masa yang akan datang. Kata kunci: Penerapan Good Governance,E-government, Reformasi Birokrasi, Kinerjan.
The disruption era creates great opportunities for halal tourism development by using technology to market halal tourism products. As a pilot project for the halal tourism development, Penyengat Island in Riau Island Province faces the challenges in building its image as a leading halal tourism destination. This study aims to analyze the halal tourism marketing, in this case, digital marketing, on Penyengat Island in the disruption era. This research used descriptive qualitative methods through a literature study with data sources derived from related journal articles and other literature. The efforts of halal tourism marketing for Penyengat Island are not implemented digitally. To market tourism of Penyengat Island, the local government and stakeholders use mass media advertising, billboards, annual festivals, and digital channels such as social media, online booking sites, and e-book guides at halaltrip.com. Yet, the media does not inform tourism events or indicate Penyengat Island as a halal tourism destination. It proves that inadequate information about the concept of halal tourism and/or other available information on halal tourism travel guides for Muslim tourists on the digital platforms used. The efforts to promote Penyengat Island as halal tourism using digital channels are the relevant interesting contents in digital marketing channels, the availability of information on the need for halal services, and innovation on tourism attractions. ; Era disrupsi menciptakan peluang besar untuk pengembangan pariwisata halal dengan pemanfaatan teknologi dalam pemasaran produk wisata. Sebagai pilot project pengembangan pariwisata halal di Provinsi Kepulauan Riau, Pulau Penyengat menghadapi tantangan era disrupsi dalam membangun citra sebagai destinasi pariwisata halal unggulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pemasaran pariwisata halal di Pulau Penyengat pada era disrupsi, terutama dari aspek pemasaran digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi pustaka dengan sumber data berasal dari artikel jurnal dan data literatur lainnya. Upaya pemasaran pariwisata halal di Pulau Penyengat secara digital belum dilakukan dengan maksimal. Pemasaran pariwisata cenderung menggunakan iklan media massa, baliho, dan festival tahunan. Saluran digital yang digunakan untuk mempromosikan pariwisata Pulau Penyengat terdiri dari media sosial, online booking site dan panduan e-book di halaltrip.com. Namun, penggunaannya masih terbatas pada informasi mengenai kegiatan pariwisata, dan belum memperkenalkan pariwisata halal secara riil. Hal ini terbukti belum optimalnya informasi mengenai konsep pariwisata halal dan belum tersedianya informasi tentang panduan perjalanan pariwisata halal bagi wisatawan Muslim di platform digital yang digunakan. Saran dalam upaya mempromosikan pariwisata halal Pulau Penyengat melalui saluran digital adalah pemilihan konten yang menarik di saluran pemasaran digital, ketersediaan informasi kebutuhan layanan halal, dan inovasi terhadap atraksi daya tarik wisata.
Foreign direct investment is the largest source of external funds in both developed and developing countries. Some literature explains that one of the barriers to investment flow is corruption. Thus, this study aims to determine the effect of corruption as measured by the corruption perception index on foreign direct investment. Corruption is a political risk that affects the flow of foreign direct investment. The estimation results of the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) show that the corruption perception index has a significant positive effect on foreign direct investment. The author also uses market seeking and efficiency seeking variables as potential factors that influence investors to direct foreign direct investment.
The coral triangle is the epicenter of marine biodiversity in the world which located in the eastern part of Southeast Asia and the western part of the Pacific Ocean. Despite the benefit of this area, the coral triangle also faces unsustainable fishing practices called Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU). This paper is aiming to provide the benefit of the coral triangle, and the efforts to overcome the problem that occurs in this area. To analyze this paper, the authors applied a descriptive approach, and most of the data obtained through literature review. And the result shows that the coral triangle is very beneficial to the countries in this area. Furthermore, to protect these precious natural resources from IUU, the government in this area decided to work together to overcome through the establishment of a multilateral partnership The Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security (CTI) ; The coral triangle is the epicenter of marine biodiversity in the world which located in the eastern part of Southeast Asia and the western part of the Pacific Ocean. Despite the benefit of this area, the coral triangle also faces unsustainable fishing practices called Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU). This paper is aiming to provide the benefit of the coral triangle, and the efforts to overcome the problem that occurs in this area. To analyze this paper, the authors applied a descriptive approach, and most of the data obtained through literature review. And the result shows that the coral triangle is very beneficial to the countries in this area. Furthermore, to protect these precious natural resources from IUU, the government in this area decided to work together to overcome through the establishment of a multilateral partnership The Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security (CTI)
Purpose One of the strongest connections in politics in developing countries is through military links. This study aims to examine the auditor choice preference of the militarily-connected firms in Indonesia, an emerging country where there is a strong influence from the military on political decision-making. Design/methodology/approach The analysis used 3,473 firms-year observations listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange spanning from 2003 to 2017 using regression and other statistical tests. Findings The results reveal that firms with a militarily-connected director are less likely to appoint one of the Big 4 auditors. Using the military reform as a natural experiment, the finding shows that militarily-connected firms did not change their auditor choice preference even after the military reform. Interestingly, I find that connected firms are associated with high earnings management. In addition, the different retirement position level and military affiliations of the connected directors generate different outcomes related to the auditor choice decision. Overall, the results indicate that militarily-connected firms were less likely to appoint one of the Big 4 auditors both before and after the military reforms. These results are robust, even after the author controlled for political connections, year fixed effects and industry fixed effects. Research limitations/implications Because of the limitations of the prior literature on military connections, this study is developed based on the assumption that the militarily-connected directors have identical behavior whether they serve in either public or private companies. However, this assumption could be invalid which potentially affects the interpretation of some of the results in this study. Originality/value This paper provides direct evidence of the auditor choice preference of firms with a military connection. The evidence builds on the existing literature on the difference in auditor choice preference between politically and militarily-connected firms.
The existing literature on Indonesia's foreign policy has excluded the state from the category of an agent which shapes the country's external affairs. This trend certainly ignores the notion that foreign policy is a unique state activity taking place in the interface between domestic and international politics. To fill the gap, this article explores the idea about the family state and looks at its influence on the conduct of Indonesia's international relations. The argument is that the family state pursues order in international society in which sovereignty can be maintained. Indonesia plays the role of an order-maker in Southeast Asia through the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). The order-oriented actions are displayed by Jakarta's diplomacy to resolve border disputes with neighbouring countries in the region
