Each of these three positions compete: agents of the second and third positions accuse those of the first position of violating the autonomy principles of political and journalistic fields; the third position perceives civic journalism as non-objective journalism. However, the latter two positions more often become allies rather than opponents in the fight of the field of political journalism to preserve field autonomy.
Each of these three positions compete: agents of the second and third positions accuse those of the first position of violating the autonomy principles of political and journalistic fields; the third position perceives civic journalism as non-objective journalism. However, the latter two positions more often become allies rather than opponents in the fight of the field of political journalism to preserve field autonomy.
Each of these three positions compete: agents of the second and third positions accuse those of the first position of violating the autonomy principles of political and journalistic fields; the third position perceives civic journalism as non-objective journalism. However, the latter two positions more often become allies rather than opponents in the fight of the field of political journalism to preserve field autonomy.
Each of these three positions compete: agents of the second and third positions accuse those of the first position of violating the autonomy principles of political and journalistic fields; the third position perceives civic journalism as non-objective journalism. However, the latter two positions more often become allies rather than opponents in the fight of the field of political journalism to preserve field autonomy.
After the collapse of Soviet system, mass-media in Lithuania became the concomitant element of democracy. However, with the great reliance by society upon and with the enlarged influence of mass-media, it could become not only the scene where formation of cultural and social values of society take place, but, failing to establish an efficient supervision, an autocratic former of public opinion as well. The authority, carried by mass-media, enables it to create different images, which, if the audience fails to be critical, could be treated as real. Means of mass-media form agenda setting by paying greater attention to some of the topics and leaving the other ones behind, however, the elite of the society always has been one of the subjects of mass-media. The relation between mass-media and elite has not been broadly explored yet, therefore the main purpose of this paper is to analyze how the image of elite in Lithuanian mass-media is formed. The research is based on content analysis of national daily newspapers "Lietuvos Rytas" and "Vakaro zinios" published during December 2003. The investigation revealed, that "Vakaro zinios", which represents the yellow-press, openly divides society into "elite" and "the masses" and uses this division actively in it's pages. This contraposition is extremely emphasized and highlighted by the huge and expressive headlines, comments on photoprints. "Lietuvos rytas", which aims at representing the solid mass-media, also shows existing confrontation between social segments, however it avoids emphasizing this by giving clearly expressed titles to these segments. During the second research the image of elite was explored in "Stilius", a weekly supplement of "Lietuvos rytas", which in several years became the publication, reflecting in chronological order the lifestyle of Lithuanian elite. The investigation of photoreporting of public events in 1998-2005 "Stilius" revealed an active process of formation of the image of elite. "Stilius" brought elite into publicity, introduced the lifestyle of elite to society, sorted and presented persons, belonging to elite, to society. There was no publication in Lithuania before "Stilius", which would show so visually and clearly who forms the elite, what persons belong to it, how they are different. The portrayal of their luxurious lifestyle became one of the features, representing elite. In summary, could be proposed that Lithuanian mass-media, carrying great reliance of society and using it's influence, actively forms the image of Lithuanian elite, using it to catch the attention of audience. The image of elite, created by mass-media, in case of social tension, could influence the hostility of lower segments of society for the elite.
After the collapse of Soviet system, mass-media in Lithuania became the concomitant element of democracy. However, with the great reliance by society upon and with the enlarged influence of mass-media, it could become not only the scene where formation of cultural and social values of society take place, but, failing to establish an efficient supervision, an autocratic former of public opinion as well. The authority, carried by mass-media, enables it to create different images, which, if the audience fails to be critical, could be treated as real. Means of mass-media form agenda setting by paying greater attention to some of the topics and leaving the other ones behind, however, the elite of the society always has been one of the subjects of mass-media. The relation between mass-media and elite has not been broadly explored yet, therefore the main purpose of this paper is to analyze how the image of elite in Lithuanian mass-media is formed. The research is based on content analysis of national daily newspapers "Lietuvos Rytas" and "Vakaro zinios" published during December 2003. The investigation revealed, that "Vakaro zinios", which represents the yellow-press, openly divides society into "elite" and "the masses" and uses this division actively in it's pages. This contraposition is extremely emphasized and highlighted by the huge and expressive headlines, comments on photoprints. "Lietuvos rytas", which aims at representing the solid mass-media, also shows existing confrontation between social segments, however it avoids emphasizing this by giving clearly expressed titles to these segments. During the second research the image of elite was explored in "Stilius", a weekly supplement of "Lietuvos rytas", which in several years became the publication, reflecting in chronological order the lifestyle of Lithuanian elite. The investigation of photoreporting of public events in 1998-2005 "Stilius" revealed an active process of formation of the image of elite. "Stilius" brought elite into publicity, introduced the lifestyle of elite to society, sorted and presented persons, belonging to elite, to society. There was no publication in Lithuania before "Stilius", which would show so visually and clearly who forms the elite, what persons belong to it, how they are different. The portrayal of their luxurious lifestyle became one of the features, representing elite. In summary, could be proposed that Lithuanian mass-media, carrying great reliance of society and using it's influence, actively forms the image of Lithuanian elite, using it to catch the attention of audience. The image of elite, created by mass-media, in case of social tension, could influence the hostility of lower segments of society for the elite.
After the collapse of Soviet system, mass-media in Lithuania became the concomitant element of democracy. However, with the great reliance by society upon and with the enlarged influence of mass-media, it could become not only the scene where formation of cultural and social values of society take place, but, failing to establish an efficient supervision, an autocratic former of public opinion as well. The authority, carried by mass-media, enables it to create different images, which, if the audience fails to be critical, could be treated as real. Means of mass-media form agenda setting by paying greater attention to some of the topics and leaving the other ones behind, however, the elite of the society always has been one of the subjects of mass-media. The relation between mass-media and elite has not been broadly explored yet, therefore the main purpose of this paper is to analyze how the image of elite in Lithuanian mass-media is formed. The research is based on content analysis of national daily newspapers "Lietuvos Rytas" and "Vakaro zinios" published during December 2003. The investigation revealed, that "Vakaro zinios", which represents the yellow-press, openly divides society into "elite" and "the masses" and uses this division actively in it's pages. This contraposition is extremely emphasized and highlighted by the huge and expressive headlines, comments on photoprints. "Lietuvos rytas", which aims at representing the solid mass-media, also shows existing confrontation between social segments, however it avoids emphasizing this by giving clearly expressed titles to these segments. During the second research the image of elite was explored in "Stilius", a weekly supplement of "Lietuvos rytas", which in several years became the publication, reflecting in chronological order the lifestyle of Lithuanian elite. The investigation of photoreporting of public events in 1998-2005 "Stilius" revealed an active process of formation of the image of elite. "Stilius" brought elite into publicity, introduced the lifestyle of elite to society, sorted and presented persons, belonging to elite, to society. There was no publication in Lithuania before "Stilius", which would show so visually and clearly who forms the elite, what persons belong to it, how they are different. The portrayal of their luxurious lifestyle became one of the features, representing elite. In summary, could be proposed that Lithuanian mass-media, carrying great reliance of society and using it's influence, actively forms the image of Lithuanian elite, using it to catch the attention of audience. The image of elite, created by mass-media, in case of social tension, could influence the hostility of lower segments of society for the elite.
After the collapse of Soviet system, mass-media in Lithuania became the concomitant element of democracy. However, with the great reliance by society upon and with the enlarged influence of mass-media, it could become not only the scene where formation of cultural and social values of society take place, but, failing to establish an efficient supervision, an autocratic former of public opinion as well. The authority, carried by mass-media, enables it to create different images, which, if the audience fails to be critical, could be treated as real. Means of mass-media form agenda setting by paying greater attention to some of the topics and leaving the other ones behind, however, the elite of the society always has been one of the subjects of mass-media. The relation between mass-media and elite has not been broadly explored yet, therefore the main purpose of this paper is to analyze how the image of elite in Lithuanian mass-media is formed. The research is based on content analysis of national daily newspapers "Lietuvos Rytas" and "Vakaro zinios" published during December 2003. The investigation revealed, that "Vakaro zinios", which represents the yellow-press, openly divides society into "elite" and "the masses" and uses this division actively in it's pages. This contraposition is extremely emphasized and highlighted by the huge and expressive headlines, comments on photoprints. "Lietuvos rytas", which aims at representing the solid mass-media, also shows existing confrontation between social segments, however it avoids emphasizing this by giving clearly expressed titles to these segments. During the second research the image of elite was explored in "Stilius", a weekly supplement of "Lietuvos rytas", which in several years became the publication, reflecting in chronological order the lifestyle of Lithuanian elite. The investigation of photoreporting of public events in 1998-2005 "Stilius" revealed an active process of formation of the image of elite. "Stilius" brought elite into publicity, introduced the lifestyle of elite to society, sorted and presented persons, belonging to elite, to society. There was no publication in Lithuania before "Stilius", which would show so visually and clearly who forms the elite, what persons belong to it, how they are different. The portrayal of their luxurious lifestyle became one of the features, representing elite. In summary, could be proposed that Lithuanian mass-media, carrying great reliance of society and using it's influence, actively forms the image of Lithuanian elite, using it to catch the attention of audience. The image of elite, created by mass-media, in case of social tension, could influence the hostility of lower segments of society for the elite.
After the collapse of Soviet system, mass-media in Lithuania became the concomitant element of democracy. However, with the great reliance by society upon and with the enlarged influence of mass-media, it could become not only the scene where formation of cultural and social values of society take place, but, failing to establish an efficient supervision, an autocratic former of public opinion as well. The authority, carried by mass-media, enables it to create different images, which, if the audience fails to be critical, could be treated as real. Means of mass-media form agenda setting by paying greater attention to some of the topics and leaving the other ones behind, however, the elite of the society always has been one of the subjects of mass-media. The relation between mass-media and elite has not been broadly explored yet, therefore the main purpose of this paper is to analyze how the image of elite in Lithuanian mass-media is formed. The research is based on content analysis of national daily newspapers "Lietuvos Rytas" and "Vakaro zinios" published during December 2003. The investigation revealed, that "Vakaro zinios", which represents the yellow-press, openly divides society into "elite" and "the masses" and uses this division actively in it's pages. This contraposition is extremely emphasized and highlighted by the huge and expressive headlines, comments on photoprints. "Lietuvos rytas", which aims at representing the solid mass-media, also shows existing confrontation between social segments, however it avoids emphasizing this by giving clearly expressed titles to these segments. During the second research the image of elite was explored in "Stilius", a weekly supplement of "Lietuvos rytas", which in several years became the publication, reflecting in chronological order the lifestyle of Lithuanian elite. The investigation of photoreporting of public events in 1998-2005 "Stilius" revealed an active process of formation of the image of elite. "Stilius" brought elite into publicity, introduced the lifestyle of elite to society, sorted and presented persons, belonging to elite, to society. There was no publication in Lithuania before "Stilius", which would show so visually and clearly who forms the elite, what persons belong to it, how they are different. The portrayal of their luxurious lifestyle became one of the features, representing elite. In summary, could be proposed that Lithuanian mass-media, carrying great reliance of society and using it's influence, actively forms the image of Lithuanian elite, using it to catch the attention of audience. The image of elite, created by mass-media, in case of social tension, could influence the hostility of lower segments of society for the elite. ; Straipsnio paskirtis – ištirti, kaip Lietuvos žiniasklaidoje formuojamas elito įvaizdis bei išsiaiškinti, kaip ir kodėl – socialinės priešpriešos visuomenėje laikotarpiu – žiniasklaidoje pradedamos akcentuoti visuomenės socialinės stratifikacijos temos. Naudojantis turinio analizės metodu, prieita išvados, kad Lietuvos žiniasklaida, turėdama didelį visuomenės pasitikėjimą bei naudodamasi savo įtaka, aktyviai formuoja Lietuvos elito įvaizdį, kartu išnaudodama jį auditorijos dėmesiui patraukti. Remiantis tyrimo duomenimis yra konstatuojama, kad, esant socialinei priešpriešai, žiniasklaidoje visuomenė pradedama skirstyti į sluoksnius, šitaip kuriant įtampą ir aštrinant situaciją. Tokiame kontekste dažnėja elito sąvokos vartojimas bei labiau akcentuojamas elito, kaip socialinio sluoksnio ir jo atliekamo vaidmens visuomenėje, įvaizdis. Nagrinėjant elito įvaizdžio formavimą skirtinguose žiniasklaidos tipuose nustatyta, kad visuomenėje, didėjant socialiniam atotrūkiui, bulvarinės pakraipos žiniasklaida formuoja neigiamą galios elito įvaizdį. Tuo tarpu rimtajai žiniasklaidai atstovauti siekiančiuose leidiniuose elito, kaip sluoksnio, įvaizdis, veikiau neutralus. Teigiamas įvaizdis siejamas su galios svertų neturinčiu profesiniu-kūrybiniu elitu, kuris yra ne tiek įtakingas ir politizuotas. Taigi žiniasklaidos turima įtaka įgalina ją kurti vienokius ar kitokius įvaizdžius, kurie, esant nekritiškai auditorijai, gali būti traktuojami kaip realūs.
After the collapse of Soviet system, mass-media in Lithuania became the concomitant element of democracy. However, with the great reliance by society upon and with the enlarged influence of mass-media, it could become not only the scene where formation of cultural and social values of society take place, but, failing to establish an efficient supervision, an autocratic former of public opinion as well. The authority, carried by mass-media, enables it to create different images, which, if the audience fails to be critical, could be treated as real. Means of mass-media form agenda setting by paying greater attention to some of the topics and leaving the other ones behind, however, the elite of the society always has been one of the subjects of mass-media. The relation between mass-media and elite has not been broadly explored yet, therefore the main purpose of this paper is to analyze how the image of elite in Lithuanian mass-media is formed. The research is based on content analysis of national daily newspapers "Lietuvos Rytas" and "Vakaro zinios" published during December 2003. The investigation revealed, that "Vakaro zinios", which represents the yellow-press, openly divides society into "elite" and "the masses" and uses this division actively in it's pages. This contraposition is extremely emphasized and highlighted by the huge and expressive headlines, comments on photoprints. "Lietuvos rytas", which aims at representing the solid mass-media, also shows existing confrontation between social segments, however it avoids emphasizing this by giving clearly expressed titles to these segments. During the second research the image of elite was explored in "Stilius", a weekly supplement of "Lietuvos rytas", which in several years became the publication, reflecting in chronological order the lifestyle of Lithuanian elite. The investigation of photoreporting of public events in 1998-2005 "Stilius" revealed an active process of formation of the image of elite. "Stilius" brought elite into publicity, introduced the lifestyle of elite to society, sorted and presented persons, belonging to elite, to society. There was no publication in Lithuania before "Stilius", which would show so visually and clearly who forms the elite, what persons belong to it, how they are different. The portrayal of their luxurious lifestyle became one of the features, representing elite. In summary, could be proposed that Lithuanian mass-media, carrying great reliance of society and using it's influence, actively forms the image of Lithuanian elite, using it to catch the attention of audience. The image of elite, created by mass-media, in case of social tension, could influence the hostility of lower segments of society for the elite.
The article describes and analyzes the evolution of Lithuanian political elite's attitudes towards the European Union (EU) and its governance during the past decade (2004-2016). First, it reviews changes in the composition of Lithuania's political elite and assesses EU related policy decisions, which reveal the complex interrelations between national and supranational politics in a small but illustrative post-communist state. Second, it presents an analysis of the Lithuanian political elite's attitudes, which were surveyed in 2007, 2009 and 2014; it examines trends in the elite's attachment to Europe, their perceptions of threats to EU cohesion, changes in the levels of their trust in EU institutions, their conceptions of European governance, and their stances towards the management of financial and economic crisis. Comparing the three surveys captures evolution of the attitudes of the by and large consensually pro-European Lithuanian political elite. The Europeanness of the Lithuanian political elite also increases, an attitude which appears to be more a response to Russia-induced geopolitical destabilization than to the 2008 financial crisis.
Lithuanian governments had been conducting liberal economic policies regarding media subjects for almost two decades, till the end of 2008. However, the economic crisis in 2008 influenced the Lithuanian government to apply the measures of fi scal consolidation: in similar fashion, liberal media policy was adjusted with the state gaining more power. The aim of this article is to analyze Lithuanian media policy decisions and their effects on media sectors, organizations and workers during the period of the economic crisis and since then. The article claims that essentially reduced liberalization of taxation, slightly reduced commercialization of the national media environment and reinforced overly bureaucratic system of media regulation resulted in a lesser degree of liberalism in the Lithuanian media policy from the end of 2008 to 2015.
The article analyzes how the interpretation of 'universal' geopolitical ideas, especially those related to images of US power, depend on national as well as publishing and rhetorical interests. More specifically, by using Lithuanian examples, the historical circumstances of the reception of geopolitical ideas in Central and Eastern European countries are considered. It is suggested that different expectations with regards to certain geopolitical ideas often leads to misunderstanding or unreflective acceptance of new intellectual fashions. One can also reasonably doubt the straight transmission to Lithuania of the division between the intellectual traditions of the right and the left (in the way these traditions are manifested in Western Europe or the US). Nevertheless, accelerated public intellectuals' relations with different contexts created by globalization (access of the Internet, translations, academic journeys, international conferences, seminars) help to escalate these tendencies. In this, the success of post-Soviet cultural elites in establishing their forms of geopolitical identities depends on their ability to critically evaluate those different contexts. Adapted from the source document.
