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"A comparison of the faith and politics of former Confederate chaplains with intriguing insights about the evolution of their postwar beliefs and the Lost Cause Pulpits of the Lost Cause: The Faith and Politics of Former Confederate Chaplains during Reconstruction is the first in-depth study of former chaplains that juxtaposes their religion and politics, thereby revealing important insights about the Lost Cause movement. Steve Longenecker demonstrates that while some former chaplains vigorously defended the Lost Cause and were predictably conservative in the pulpit, embracing orthodoxy and resisting religious innovation, others were unexpectedly progressive and advocated on behalf of evolution, theological liberalism, and modern biblical criticism. Former Confederate chaplains embodied both the distinctive white, Southern, regional identity and the variation within it. Most were theologically conservative and Lost Cause racists. But as with the larger South, variation abounded. The Lost Cause, which Longenecker interprets as a broad popular movement with numerous versions, meant different things to different chaplains. It ranged from diehard-ism to tempered sectional forgiveness to full reconciliation to a harmless once-a-year Decoration Day ritual. This volume probes the careers of ten former chaplains, including their childhoods, wartime experiences, Lost Cause personas, and theologies, making use of manuscripts and published sermons as well as newspapers, diaries, memoirs, denominational periodicals, letters, and the books they themselves produced. In theology, many former chaplains were predictably conservative, while others were unexpectedly broad-minded and advocated evolution, theological liberalism, and modern Biblical criticism. One former chaplain became a social-climbing Harvard progressive. Another wrote innovative, liberal theology read by European scholars. Yet another espoused racial equality, at least in theory if not full practice. Additionally, former chaplains often exhibited the fundamental human trait of compartmentalization, most notably by extolling the past as they celebrated the Lost Cause while simultaneously looking to the future as religious progressives or New South boosters. The stereotypical preacher of the Lost Cause-a gray-clad Bible thumper-existed sufficiently to create the image but hardly enough to be universally accurate. "--

"I am not ashamed of the gospel" : Paul's alleged disregard for the poor -- "You have dishonored the poor man" : advanced agrarianism and elite acquisitiveness -- "The least of these" : scaling poverty in the Greco-Roman world -- "When did we see you hungry?" : charitable initiatives in the Greco-Roman world -- "Good news to the poor" : Judeo-Christian theological traditions -- "Do good to all" : care for the poor in Paul's communities -- "Remember the poor" : interpretive paradigms in conflict -- "They added nothing" : the poor in the mission of the early Jesus-movement -- "Fulfill the law of Christ" : the poor in the rhetoric of Galatians -- "Not many of you were of noble birth" : economic profiles within Paul's communities -- "You would have plucked out your eyes" : the economic attractions of Paul's communities --"There were none in need" : care for the poor in Paul's theology -- "Content with whatever I have" : the poor in the life of Paul -- Appendix 1. An early critique of Steven J. Freisen's 2004 poverty scale -- Appendix 2. Non-Pauline configurations of generosity and the Mosaic law -- Appendix 3. Dating the origin of Paul's collection

Appendix B: Professional Archaeological OrganizationsAppendix C: Selected Ethical Codes from Heritage Management Associations; Appendix D: A Global Guide to Heritage Management; Glossary: Archaeological, Heritage Resource Management, and Project Management Terms; References; Index; About the Authors.

1. Time, eternity and the arts / Richard Bauckham -- 2. Patterns of hope and images of eternity : listening to Shakespeare, Blake and T.S. Eliot / Paul S. Fiddes -- 3. Space and time : eschatological dimensions of Christian architecture / A.N. Williams -- 4. Echoes of hope in Monteverdi's L'Orfeo and Beethoven's Fidelio / Daniel K.L. Chua -- 5. Brave new world? Faith, hope and the political imagination / Kristen Deede Johnson -- 6. The unique psychology of hope / Patricia Bruininks -- 7. The challenge of a 'hopeless' God : negotiating José Sanramago's novel The Gospel according to Jesus Christ / Bruce W. Longenecker -- 8. Hoping against hope : Morrissey and the light that never goes out / Gavin Hopps -- 9. Unexpected endings : eucatastrophic consolations in literature and theology / Trevor Hart.

Foundations and their fields / John Z. Bowers -- Independence, scale and experiment : the experience of the Ciba Foundation / G.E.W. Wolstenholme -- Foundations and the state in the Federal Republic of Germany : some comments / G. Gambke -- The special role and problems of a foundation established by the state / G. Gambke -- The moral and social responsibihties of the trustees of foundations / McGeorge Bundy -- The role of the foundation trustee / Herbert E. Longenecker -- Independence and experiment : the experience of the Wellcome Trust / P.O. Williams -- The means to the ends of the Rockefeller Foundation / John H. Knowles -- On the selection of priorities for an emerging foundation of national scope / David E. Rogers -- International foundations and the development of higher education in developing countries / Choh-Ming Li -- International foundations and the development of health services in underprivileged areas / Fred T. Sai -- A new task for small philanthropic foundations in helping developing countries / A. Von Muralt -- The next twenty-five years / Daniel Bell -- The influence of science and technology on medicine : a forecast / Lewis Thomas -- The future of foundations : the Jeffersonian potential / Robert F. Goheen.