Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Abbreviations -- Low Carbon Pathways for India and Costs of Action Versus Inaction -- 1 Overview -- Abstract -- 1.1 Low-Carbon Pathways -- 1.2 Can India Grow in a Low-Carbon Way? -- 1.2.1 Energy Consumption and Projected Demand -- 1.3 An Outline of the Book -- Reference -- 2 India's Energy Demand and Supply -- Abstract -- 2.1 Energy Sector Growth Since 1980 -- 2.2 Growth in the 1990s -- 2.3 Recovery Between 2000 and 2010 -- 2.4 Declines Since 2010 -- 2.5 Implications -- 2.6 Energy Demand Going Forward -- 2.6.1 Demand -- 2.6.2 Meeting Demand -- References -- 3 Low Carbon Pathways for Growth in India: Assessment of Climate Models -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Review of the Models -- 3.3 Results from the Indian Modeling Exercises -- References -- 4 Low Carbon Pathways -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Assumptions -- 4.3 Reference Scenario -- 4.3.1 Demand -- 4.3.2 Supply -- 4.4 Low Carbon Pathways -- 4.5 Demand -- 4.6 Conclusion -- 5 Cost of Inaction on Mitigating Climate Change: A Preliminary Analysis -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Methodology -- 5.3 Results -- 5.3.1 Cost of Agriculture Production Loss -- 5.3.2 Cost of Health Impacts -- 5.4 Increased Investment in Electricity Generation Infrastructure -- 5.5 Conclusions and Limitations -- References -- Energy Challenges and Strategies in Key Sectors -- 6 Low-Carbon Pathways for Urban Development and Mobility in India -- Abstract -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 GHG Emissions in the Urban Transport Sector -- 6.3 Urban Growth and GHG Emissions-the Interrelationships -- 6.4 Promoting Low-Carbon Growth in Cities -- 6.5 Low-Carbon Pathways in India's Million Plus Cities -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Strategies to Lower Carbon Emissions in Industry -- Abstract -- 7.1 Introduction.

This book explores ways in which India can negotiate the low carbon path up until 2030, when it is expected to be the largest economy after the US and China. It comprehensively reviews the low climate pathways for India and provides a guide to the pathways that the country can adopt. India's population, energy demands and emissions will increase significantly, and the challenge is to restrict its CO2 emissions and walk the low carbon path. Through its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs), India has pledged to reduce its emissions significantly. Addressing the question of which low carbon paths India can adhere to without compromising its growth, the book identifies the key factors that feed into existing models of climate change and discusses the cost of action versus inaction. It also examines key issues concerning India's environment through the lens of the transport, industry and water sectors. The book concludes by looking at policy implications for low carbon growth in India.

This study examines the justice and equity implications of four low-carbon transitions, and it reveals the "lived experiences" of decarbonisation as manifested across Africa and Europe. Based on extensive, original mixed methods empirical research – including expert interviews, focus groups, internet forums, community interviews, and extended site visits and naturalistic observation – it asks: How are four specific decarbonisation pathways linked to negative impacts within specific communities? Relatedly, what vulnerabilities do these transitions exacerbate in these communities? Lastly, how can such vulnerabilities be better addressed with policy? The paper documents a troublesome cohabitation between French wineries and nuclear power, the negative effects on labor groups and workers in Eastern Germany by a transition to solar energy, the stark embodied externalities in electronic waste (e-waste) flows from smart meters accumulating in Ghana, and the precarious exploitation of children involved in cobalt mining for electric vehicle batteries in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The aims and objectives of the study are threefold: (1) to showcase how four very different vulnerable communities have been affected by the negative impacts of decarbonisation; (2) to reveal tensions and tradeoffs between European transitions and local and global justice concerns; and (3) to inform energy and climate policy. In identifying these objectives, our goal is not to stop or slow down all low-carbon transitions. Rather, the study suggests that the research and policy communities ought to account for, and seek to minimize, a broader range of social and environmental sustainability risks. Sustainability transitions and decarbonisation pathways must become more egalitarian, fair, and just.

This study examines the justice and equity implications of four low-carbon transitions, and it reveals the "lived experiences" of decarbonisation as manifested across Africa and Europe. Based on extensive, original mixed methods empirical research – including expert interviews, focus groups, internet forums, community interviews, and extended site visits and naturalistic observation – it asks: How are four specific decarbonisation pathways linked to negative impacts within specific communities? Relatedly, what vulnerabilities do these transitions exacerbate in these communities? Lastly, how can such vulnerabilities be better addressed with policy? The paper documents a troublesome cohabitation between French wineries and nuclear power, the negative effects on labor groups and workers in Eastern Germany by a transition to solar energy, the stark embodied externalities in electronic waste (e-waste) flows from smart meters accumulating in Ghana, and the precarious exploitation of children involved in cobalt mining for electric vehicle batteries in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The aims and objectives of the study are threefold: (1) to showcase how four very different vulnerable communities have been affected by the negative impacts of decarbonisation; (2) to reveal tensions and tradeoffs between European transitions and local and global justice concerns; and (3) to inform energy and climate policy. In identifying these objectives, our goal is not to stop or slow down all low-carbon transitions. Rather, the study suggests that the research and policy communities ought to account for, and seek to minimize, a broader range of social and environmental sustainability risks. Sustainability transitions and decarbonisation pathways must become more egalitarian, fair, and just.

AbstractIndian agriculture sector is a significant emitter of Green House Gas (GHG), which is projected to increase by 47% between 2011 and 2020. In response to this, India has committed itself to voluntarily reduce its emissions intensity (emissions per unit GDP) between 20 to 25 percent below 2005 levels by 2020. This would require rapid and significant scaling up of mitigation efforts including the agriculture sector, which remains a challenge, as mitigation is not a priority in Indian agriculture. The study found out that in-spite of numerous mitigation technologies that are readily available for takeoff, the scale of adoption and deployment is far from sufficient to meet the emission targets set by the Government of India, mainly due to lack of financial incentives, capacity building of farmers, and an enabling policy at different levels. This study identified a suite of feasible interventions for promoting low carbon agriculture such as: low tillage systems as it has negative costs due to savings on tillage and fuel; introduction of superior livestock breeds to reduce numbers (especially unproductive cattle) and increase yield; use of livestock wastes to produce energy for cooking and heating through bio-gas technology can not only reduce methane emission but also save electricity costs for the households and; introduction of carbon credits and exploration of domestic carbon markets. An enabling policy environment must be created for these interventions to take off.

Canada is embarking on a low-carbon energy transition that will involve the diffusion of innovations and the reconfiguration of energy systems. This article examines the potential contribution that transition experiments can make to this process. Transition experiments can be understood as deliberate interventions that test novel configurations of social and technical elements that could lead to substantial low-carbon change. The analysis suggests that transition experiments can provide four primary benefits that might be leveraged to open low-carbon pathways for Canada: learning, capacity building, de-risking, and public education and engagement.