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The article is devoted to the precedent phenomenon as one of the most productive expressives, modified to some extent in accordance with the pragmatic purpose of the author of the mass media text.

We have researched media texts of the anti-terrorist military action participants. There are war diaries, memoirs, blogs, publications of veterans and separately journalistic interviews with them. We used comparative, analytical, synthesis and induction method. Communicative specificity of these texts was concretized. Literary works of anti-terrorist military action participants are amateur and new for Ukrainian information space. They were built on the autobiographical basis. This kind of memoir genre is a valuable source for learning both behavior of some person in concrete conditions and sociopolitical order of some people in determined history period. The authors demonstrate their military personal experience through detailing of war events. Memoir writers explain their motivation of joining military platoons and demonstrate a strong patriotic position. Veterans recite their own history in a chronological order with adding images of comrades, commanders, technique units, tranches, weapon, elements of everyday life to their telling. Also combatants say about exploits of their fighting brothers. The prominent feature of memoirs is a contrast between front realities and civilian life. Military action participants have a colloquial style with military slang and terms. With a great sadness Ukrainian defenders describe a way of life of dead friends. But military texts have a lot of funny stories, jokes, positive notices and interesting cheerful details of communication between soldiers. The analysis of media texts allowed to find out problem zones of veterans' life. There is need for civil and professional adaptation, socialization, saving a memory about heroes. The authors try to pay attention of wide society to these problems and motivate to its solution. The results can be used in the course of the journalism specialty for the further scientific researches.

The topic of the article is important, because nowadays there is a need to study the semiotics of media text translation, the use of innovations in choosing the types of media text translation. The aim of the article is the need to study and substantiate the importance of studying the essence of the concepts of "semiotics", "media text". The article gives a theoretical justification for the concept of media text in the field of mass communication, substantiates the semiotics of learning about signs and sign systems; semiotic characteristics of media texts translation are given. In the field of view of semiotics are various sign systems, features of translation of these signs in media texts, in particular: natural (spoken) and artificial (formal) languages, sentence systems of scientific theories, signaling systems in society and nature, states and many others. Artificial languages can also be considered as sign systems (including the "language" of scientific theory, "languages" of fine arts, cinema, theater, music), various types of visual sign systems (from road signs to painting), as well as any complex control systems considered from the standpoint of cybernetics: machines, devices and their circuits, living organisms, their subsystems (for example, central nervous system), industrial and social associations and society as a whole.

This Element explores the sentiment and keyword features in both authorship profiling and authorship attribution in social media texts in the Chinese cultural context. The key findings can be summarised as follows: firstly, sentiment scores and keyword features are distinctive in delineating authors' gender and age. Specifically, female and younger authors tend to be less optimistic and use more personal pronouns and graduations than male and older authors, respectively. Secondly, these distinctive profiling features are also distinctive and significant in authorship attribution. Thirdly, our mindset, shaped by our inherent hormonal influences and external social experiences, plays a critical role in authorship. Theoretically, the findings expand authorship features into underexplored domains and substantiate the theory of mindset. Practically, the findings offer some broad quantitative benchmarks for authorship profiling cases in the Chinese cultural context, and perhaps other contexts where authorship profiling analyses have been used. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

The article is devoted to the study of the role of tropes in the formation of the axiological context of media text. Stylistic means of transferring attitudinal meanings in the English-language media are characterized by brightness of images, expressiveness and emotionality, which creates highly contextual assessments. The texts of the mass media are distinguished by their axiological load and the relief of the author's images. The article deals with the notion of evaluation as a linguistic category. We identified the most commonly used tropes,, through which explicit estimates of meanings in English-language media texts of political themes are carried out. ; The article deals with the study of the role of tropes in the formation of the axiological context of media text. Stylistic means of transferring attitudinal meanings in the English-language media are characterized by brightness of images, expressiveness and emotionality, which creates highly contextual assessments. The texts of the mass media are distinguished by their axiological load and the relief of the author's images. The article deals with the notion of evaluation as a linguistic category. We identified the most commonly used tropes in Barak Obama's speeches, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton's debates, and other materials from The New Yourk Times, The Guardian, The Tellegraph, The Washington Post, The Global Politician, etc., through which explicit attitudinal meanings in English-language media texts of political themes are carried out. It is stated that tropes functioning in the English-language media texts have a high axiological potential because they are characterized by emotionality and expressiveness, being one of the basic means of transferring attitudinal meanings for creating axiological context of the message. The article also focuses on the study of the category of evaluation as an important means of pragmatic influence, its role and means of implementation in media texts. As a result of the analysis of more than three hundred lexical ...

The article is devoted to the study of the role of tropes in the formation of the axiological context of media text. Stylistic means of transferring attitudinal meanings in the English-language media are characterized by brightness of images, expressiveness and emotionality, which creates highly contextual assessments. The texts of the mass media are distinguished by their axiological load and the relief of the author's images. The article deals with the notion of evaluation as a linguistic category. We identified the most commonly used tropes,, through which explicit estimates of meanings in English-language media texts of political themes are carried out. ; The article deals with the study of the role of tropes in the formation of the axiological context of media text. Stylistic means of transferring attitudinal meanings in the English-language media are characterized by brightness of images, expressiveness and emotionality, which creates highly contextual assessments. The texts of the mass media are distinguished by their axiological load and the relief of the author's images. The article deals with the notion of evaluation as a linguistic category. We identified the most commonly used tropes in Barak Obama's speeches, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton's debates, and other materials from The New Yourk Times, The Guardian, The Tellegraph, The Washington Post, The Global Politician, etc., through which explicit attitudinal meanings in English-language media texts of political themes are carried out. It is stated that tropes functioning in the English-language media texts have a high axiological potential because they are characterized by emotionality and expressiveness, being one of the basic means of transferring attitudinal meanings for creating axiological context of the message. The article also focuses on the study of the category of evaluation as an important means of pragmatic influence, its role and means of implementation in media texts. As a result of the analysis of more than three hundred lexical units expressing the attitudinal meaning, selected by means of complete selection, the frequency of using different types of tropes for expressing attitudinal meaning by politicians has been identified. It is highlighted that the most commonly used tropes in English-language media texts are comparisons, metaphors, epithets, oxymoron, irony, sarcasm, metonymy.The specificity of the functioning of tropes and their types as a means of transferring attitudinal meanings in English-language media texts is analyzed and illustrated on examples in the article. It is noted that the evaluation in political discourse is strongly influenced by cultural and national values. The article emphasizes that the use of the tropes in contemporary English-language political media texts contributes to the ambiguity of figurative means, reflects the original picture of the world in a concise form, but it can cause difficulties in interpreting the text and, at the same time, reveals wide opportunities for further scholarly research.