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People have been digging in the ground for useful minerals for thousands of years. Mineral materials are the foundation of modern industrial society. As the global population grows and standards of living in emerging and developing countries rises, the demand for mineral products is increasing. Mining ensures that we have an adequate supply of the raw materials to produce all the components of modern life, and at competitive prices. Innovation is central to meeting the diverse challenges faced by the mining industry. It is critical for developing techniques for finding new deposits of minerals, enabling us to recover increasing amounts of minerals from the ground in a cost-effective manner, and ensuring it this is done in a way that is as environmentally responsible. This book provides the first in-depth global analysis of the innovation ecosystem in the mining sector. This book is Open Access.

1. Industrialization and the frequency and nature of risk -- 2. The rise of a reforming interest and the Mines and Collieries Act of 1842 -- 3. Organized labour and the home office -- 4. Intervention in coal mining, 1850-1887 -- 5. The Kinnaird Commission and the regulation of metalliferous mining -- 6. The Metalliferous Mines Regulation Act of 1872 -- 7. Scientific, technological and medical advances -- 8. Hazards and heroics.

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is defined as the environmental evaluation of a system or product from the manufacturing stage until its end, usually as waste. Environmental impacts gained major importance in all industries together with sustainability. Sustainability is a term that governmental offices and corporate companies started to underline in energy policies and publicity. LCA is a common and quantitative methodology to measure how sustainable a given system is. Mining industry is a potential field where sustainability and LCA can be implemented due to intense energy requirement and equipment utilization. The main objective of the study is to introduce LCA and its implementation in mining industry with a case study modeled in SimaPro software. Electricity data representing Turkey with the Union for the Co-ordination of Production and Transmission of Electricity (UCTE) and an EU member country is compared. As a result, processes that are environmentally critical by means of impacts on both human health and ecosystem could be identified by LCA. A measure of how sustainable an industry is can be supported by LCA as a decision support system.