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The facts and events that have shaped the strengths of the Peruvian mining industry are well established. Private mining investment has flowed in during the last decade, making Peru the second most popular destination for mining investment in Latin America. Peru has increased its annual copper production five times from approximately half a million to two and a half million metric tons of fine copper, moving from being only a major producer of gold to becoming also the second largest producer of copper in the world. The mining sector needs to create the necessary conditions, within a context of social legitimacy, to move forward successfully with the development of an extensive mining project pipeline. The country now faces the challenge of improving the sector's policies and management to guarantee its long-term contribution to the country's sustainable development. The government also faces the major challenge of artisanal and small-scale mining formalization and elimination of illegal mining, which has destroyed Amazon jungle with mercury, especially in the Amazonian Madre de Dios region. The Mining Sector Diagnostic (MSD) is a tool that the World Bank has developed to analyze the rules and policies that exist in the mining sector and the gap between these rules and their implementation in practice. It reviews sector performance from the perspective of the three main stakeholder groups , and analyzes their priorities to improve mining sector performance.

This report is intended to provide guidance on best practices in mining licensing, based on examples from low, middle and high income countries in Africa, Asia, North America, and South America. It is not a 'how-to guide' or a licensing implementation toolkit, but rather identifies certain common features of successful mining licensing regimes worldwide that other national or sub-national jurisdictions might usefully incorporate in new mining laws and regulations or revisions or existing ones. The case studies and other examples of good and bad practice are intended to provide a cross-section by geography and by income level, and they demonstrate that the prevalence of good and bad practices is not simply a function of income level. Tanzania, one of the poorest countries in the world, has in many respects a better licensing regime than either South Africa or the U.S. State of Wisconsin. In considering these complex issues, it has proven difficult to confine the discussion purely to questions of licensing. Discussion of licensing invariably invokes reference to overall policy and investment climate issues, environmental protection, labor law, taxation, national and sub-national jurisdiction, land tenure, and much more. This report makes no attempt to address all of these in detail but refers to them in reference to their interactions with and effect on, licensing itself. Far more detailed research on mineral policy, taxation, investment climate, and other issues has been carried out, some of it referred to in this report and cited in the footnotes and bibliography.

The Mining sector diagnostic (MSD) is a tool the World Bank has developed to: (1) comprehensively assess the laws, policies, and regulations in a country's mining sector; and (2) identify the strengths and weaknesses of the institutions that administer` the laws, policies, and regulations and monitor and regulate the sector. The Indonesia MSD collects and shares information on the nation's mining sector's management structure and governance. It analyzes the rules and policies that exist in the mining sector and the gap between those rules and their implementation in practice. For the government to optimize the management of and benefits stream from its mining industry, it agrees to receive support from the World Bank to undertake policy analysis and design reforms through the Natural Resources for Development (NR4D) program. This report is organized as follows: an introduction, followed by chapter 2, which provides an overview of the mining sector in Indonesia, its importance in the overall economy, the main institutional roles and responsibilities, and the legal and regulatory framework governing the sector. Chapter 3 presents a high-level summary of the results of the MSD, discussing the data as aggregated into the MSD dashboard and analyzing implementation gaps between de jure and de facto performance. Chapter 4 discusses the detailed findings regarding the strengths and weaknesses of Indonesia's mining sector. The MSD also assesses the context and enabling environment of the mining sector, the results of which are presented in chapter 5. Chapter 6 analyzes stakeholder priorities defined as those areas that respondents identified as key priority areas, reforms in which would have a significant impact on improving the contribution of the mining sector to sustainable economic development and the well-being of the entire population. Chapter 7 concludes with a summary of sector strengths.

At the request of the Colombian Government and with the support of GIZ, CCSI prepared a policy brief focused on linkages from the mining sector in Colombia. The brief gives an overview of existing regulatory requirements, government policies and company programs to foster economic and infrastructure linkages. Based on the findings, the brief provides suggestions for next steps if the government is to develop a more comprehensive linkage creation program.

At the request of the Colombian Government and with the support of Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), CCSI prepared a policy brief focused on linkages from the mining sector in Colombia. The brief gives an overview of existing regulatory requirements, government policies and company programs to foster economic and infrastructure linkages. Based on the findings, the brief provides suggestions for next steps if the government is to develop a more comprehensive linkage creation program.