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The study examines the determinants of moneylender interest rates in rural India in the context of two major developments of the 1960s: (a) the 'Green Revolution' and (b) the spread of government-sponsored subsidised credit through rural banks and co-operative credit agencies. It finds that farmers residing in areas characterised by the use of Green Revolution technology face lower moneylender interest rates. (DÜI-Sen)

The published volume of the Dufferin enquiries (1888) reproduces the district reports in the case of only one province, namely the North-Western Provinces and Oudh (now Uttar Pradesh). From this volume, whose copies have become very rare, much information can be obtained about how rural credit was organised at the time. This article extracts information on this subject from three detailed reports based on actual information obtained from the debtors and some moneylenders. Interest rates as high as 37.5 per cent per annum prevailed, except in the forested areas where low rents seem to have brought down the interest rates. It also turns out that usury was a profession which zamindars and other relatively prosperous rural strata, including upper peasants and successful artisans, could also take to, though the central figure remained the village 'banya'.

Abstract
This paper uses a unique data set on 143,000 poor households from Northern Bangladesh to analyze the effects of microfinance membership on a household's ability to cope with seasonal famine known as Monga. We develop an identification and estimation strategy that exploits a jump and a kink at the 10 decimal land ownership-threshold driven by the Microfinance Institution (MFI) screening process to ensure repayment by excluding the ultra-poor. Evidence shows that microfinance membership improves food security during Monga, especially for the poorest households who survive at the margin of one and two meals a day. The positive effects on food security are, however, not driven by higher income, as microcredit does not improve the ability to migrate for work, nor does it reduce dependence on distress sale of labor. The evidence is consistent with consumption smoothing being the primary mechanism behind the gains in food security of MFI households during the season of starvation.

This study examines the interest rate differences paid to a bank, a Micro Finance Institution (MFI) and a local moneylender. In a multi-period lending contract, a borrower discounting the future income stream at a constant rate is willing to pay the highest interest rate to the local moneylender, comparatively lower rate to a MFI and the lowest to a formal sector bank. In other words, if the interest rate charged by each of the three lenders is the same, the repayment rate will be highest for a moneylender followed by a MFI and the lowest for a formal sector bank.

AbstractThis study aims to find problems and solutions to restore the function of Baitul Mal Wa Tamwil through strategies to resolve moneylenders in Tasikmalaya. The method used is a qualitative-quantitative method with an analytic network process (ANP) approach. The results showed that the main problems that hampered the implementation of BMT functions caused by moneylenders in terms of educational problems were "weak education regarding usury (usury fiqh)", economic problems namely "urgent life necessities", environmental problems namely "very easy to access moneylenders" And from the regulatory problem namely "there is no firmness of the government towards moneylender". While the best solution to restore the function of BMT through the moneylender settlement strategy consists of an educational solution that is "socialization by academics and legislators regarding the importance of BMT, usury fiqh", economic solutions namely "convoluted non-interest government revolving fund assistance", the environmental solution is "the role of the RT and RW leaders to eradicate moneylenders", and a regulatory solution namely "the firmness of the government in overcoming the rampant moneylenders including sanctions". Keywords: Baitul Mal Wa Tamwil, moneylender, analytic network process AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan masalah dan solusi dalam mengembalikan fungsi Baitul Mal Wa Tamwil melalui strategi penyelesaian masalah rentenir di Tasikmalaya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode kualitatif-kuantitatif dengan pendekatan analytic network process (ANP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masalah utama yang menghambat terlaksananya fungsi BMT yang diakibatkan oleh rentenir dari sisi masalah edukasi adalah "lemahnya edukasi mengenai riba (fiqh riba)", masalah ekonomi yaitu "kebutuhan hidup masyarakat yang mendesak", masalah lingkungan yaitu "sangat mudah mengakses rentenir" dan dari masalah regulasi yaitu "tidak ada ketegasan pemerintah terhadap rentenir". Sedangkan solusi terbaik untuk mengembalikan fungsi BMT melalui strategi penyelesaian rentenir terdiri dari solusi edukasi yaitu "sosialisasi oleh akademisi dan majelis ta`lim mengenai pentingnya BMT, fiqh riba", solusi ekonomi yaitu "bantuan dana bergulir dari pemerintah non bunga yang tidak berbelit-belit", solusi lingkungan yaitu "peran ketua RT dan RW untuk memberantas rentenir", dan solusi regulasi yaitu "ketegasan pemerintah dalam mengatasi maraknya rentenir termasuk sanksinya". Kata kunci: Baitul Mal Wa Tamwil, rentenir, analytic network process Ascarya.(2005).Analytic Network Process (ANP): Pendekatan Baru Studi Kualitatif. Pusat Pendidikan dan Studi Kebanksentralan. Bank Indonesia._______. (2011). The Persistence of Low Profit and Loss Sharing Financing in Islamic Banking: The Case of Indonesia. Review of Indonesian economic and business studies. LIPI Economic Research Center, 1. Ascarya & Yumanita, D. (2010). Determinan dan Persistensi Margin Perbankan Konvensional dan Syariah di Indonesia. working paper series No.WP/10/04. Pusat Pendidikan dan Studi Kebanksentralan Bank Indonesia.Firmansyah, H.M. (2019). Rentenir Berkedok Koperasi Marak di Tasikmalaya. Htpps://mediadesa.id/rentenir-berkedok-koperasi-marak-di-tasikmalaya/Hidayah, Naning Nur. (2018). Infaq Sebagai Program Pengurangan Ketergantungan Masyarakat Terhadap Rentenir (Studi Kasus Pada Baznas Kabupaten Ngawi). Skripsi. UIN Sunan Kalijaga. JogjakartaHuda, Nurul & Muhammad Haykal. (2010) Lembaga Keuangan Islam. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Grup.Kabar Priangan. (2018) .Pedagang Kecil dan Ibu Rumah Tangga Banyak Terbelit Rentenir. https://www.kabarpriangan.co.id/pedagang-kecil-dan-ibu-rumah-tangga-banyak-terbelit-rentenir/Mujaddidi, Ahmad Shibghatullah. (2017). Peran Strategis BAyt Al-Mal Wa Al-Tamwil Dalam Mengatasi Prektek Rentenir : Studi BMT NU Jawa Timur. Tesis. Sekolah Pascasarjana UIN Syarif Hidayatullah. Jakarta.Nurjamil, Nanang. (2018). Disinyalir Praktek Rentenir Makin Menjamur di Kota Tasik. http://www.tasikzone.com/disinyalir-praktek-rentenir-makin-menjamur-di-kota-tasik/Ramadhan, Syahrul. (2017). Pengorganisasian Ibu-Ibu Jamaah Aisyiyah Dalam Pengentasan Masyarakat dari Belenggu Rentenir di Kelurahan Kalijudan Surabaya. Jurnal Tajdida. Vol. 15 No. 1, Juni 2017Ridwan, Ahmad Hasan. (2013). Manajemen Baitul Mal wa Tamwil. Pustaka Setia. Bandung.Soemitra, Andri. (2014). Bank dan Lembaga Keuangan Syariah. Jakarta: Kencana_______.(2010). Bank dan Lembaga Keuangan Syariah. Jakarta: KencanaVarghese, Adel. (2013). Cooperative-Moneylender Linkkage as an Alternativer to Bank Competition in Rural Credit Markets. Source: Oxford Economic Papers, 57 (2). Published by: Oxford University Press Stable.Widodo, Hertanto Ak, dkk. (2000). Panduan Praktis Operasional Baitul Mal Wat Tamwil (BMT), (Bandung: Mizan, 2000), Cet ke-2

This paper attempts to formalise and integrate the roles of
"rural push" and "urban pull" factors in rural-urban migration and urban
unemployment. Perpetual indebtedness of the peasantry and a monopolistic
moneylender, combined with the Harris-Todaro framework, constitute the
model. Analysis reveal that such measures might fall short of their goal
since the moneylender syphon off part of the benefits that are supposed
to accrue to the workers. Possibilities of non-existence of equilibrium
and multiple equilibria are pointed out in this model.

This study aims to determine patterns and formulations for relieving community dependency from moneylender practices. The variables used in this study are traders in the Ngemplak Tulungagung market. Data analysis uses descriptive qualitative methods. This study focuses its study on efforts to understand the practices of loan sharks in depth, understand deeply the capital needs of traders who become their customers in business development, and see the existence and role financial institutions around the location of moneylender practices that they have played, as well as the government's perceptions and efforts in tackling these rent practices. The results of this study, first, the main cause of Ngemplak market traders' dependence on moneylenders is the ease that traders can get when borrowing from moneylenders compared to when borrowing from banks and other capital providers. Second, coordination between financial institutions, the government, Baznas and Ngemplak market traders is needed to equalize the vision. Mission, and the goal of liberating traders from dependence on moneylenders Keywords: moneylenders, dependencymoneylender practices

Poverty in India is one of the persisting problems since long time. Governments have been striving to alleviate poverty. A variety of welfare strategic programs like IRDP have been activated to address the problem. These programs could not attain the desired results effectively. Undeterred by this the Governments quest for alternative endeavors is a continuos process. This in turn gave birth to the concept of microfinance with buzzword SHG (Self-Help Groups) emerging since late 80's. This evolution has been proving to be result oriented and effective. The people living below poverty line usually need small financial assistance for subsistence, health etc. Major sources available for financing these needs includes moneylender/landlords, SHGs, etc. The awareness among the people about emergence of SHGs alike systems is high. The amount and purpose for micro finance varies with landholding size. The micro-credit deliver models includes SHG, Grammen, Cluster-Federation, DWCRA, and SJSY model.

By an edict of 15 February 1805 the Governor-General ordered the Chinese moneylenders from the town of Buitenzorg to report to the Commissioner of Native Affairs how much money the inhabitants of the Buitenzorg Regency owed them. Non-compliance with this order would result in cancellation of the debts. The Commissioner compiled a list, based on these reports, dated 30 June 1805. In 45 pages, consisting of 672 entries, the debtors of and debts to 26 Chinese are listed. The debtors and debts are listed under their creditor, the Chinese moneylender. The entries are probably given as they were reported by the Chinese themselves, although there is no logic in the ordering of the names. An 'ideal' entry yields the following data: name of moneylender, name of debtor, his place of residence, year that the debt was incurred, amount of money borrowed with sawahs (wet rice fields) as collateral, number of pétak (embanked ricefield) sawah, amount borrowed with buffaloes as a collateral, number of buffaloes, amount of cash borrowed (without securities), amount of credit for merchandise, amount of annual interest, number of years paid, number of years still to be paid.