Suchergebnisse

Cover -- CONTENTS -- EFFICIENCY OF PUBLIC SPENDING ON HEALTH AND EDUCATION IN MALAWI -- A. Background -- B. Public Spending on Health and Education: Trends and Impact -- C. Public Spending Efficiency in Health and Education -- D. Policies -- E. Conclusions -- References -- FIGURES -- 1. Trends and Composition of Public and Current Spending -- 2. Public Spending in Malawi in a Cross-Country Perspective, 2010-15 -- 3. Health Spending and Outcomes -- 4. Health Spending and Outcomes in Malawi and Comparator Countries, 2010-15 -- 5. Public Spending on Education and School Enrollment Rate, 2000-15 -- 6. Public Education Spending and Outcomes in Malawi and Comparator Countries, 2010-15 -- 7. Efficiency Score of Health Spending per Capita -- 8. Efficiency Score of Education Spending per Capita -- SUPPORTING GROWTH THROUGH INCREASED CREDIT TO THE PRIVATE SECTO -- A. Background -- B. Measuring the Credit Gap -- C. Reasons Behind Weak Private Sector Credit -- D. Role of Public Policy in Facilitating Deepening -- E. Conclusions -- References -- FIGURES -- 1. Financial Depth -- 2. Credit to the Private Sector (12-Month Rate of Change, Percent) -- 3. Credit to the Private Sector (Percent of GDP) -- 4. Real Interest Rates -- 5. Spread Between Deposit and Lending Rates, 2011-17 -- 6. Spread Between Deposit and Lending Rates, 2017 -- 7. Financial Efficiency -- 8. Bank Lending 'Crowding Out' -- 9. Credit to the Government as Share of Net Domestic Assets -- TABLE -- 1. Determinants of Financial Inclusiveness Gaps, 2004-2016 -- A PATH TOWARD HIGHER AND MORE INCLUSIVE GROWTH -- A. Background -- B. Challenges to Diversification and Resilience -- C. Policies -- D. Conclusions -- References -- FIGURES -- 1. Growth, Population, and Poverty -- 2. Global Competitiveness and World Bank Doing Business Indicators -- 3. Infrastructure Global Competitiveness Indicators, 2014-17

Cover -- CONTENTS -- ACRONYMS -- PREFACE -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- I. PUBLIC INVESTMENT IN MALAWI -- A. Total Public Investment and Stock of Capital -- B. Composition of Public Investment -- II. EFFICIENCY AND IMPACT OF PUBLIC INVESTMENT -- A. Public Investment Impact -- B. Public Investment Efficiency -- C. Measures of Public Investment Performance -- III. PUBLIC INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT -- A. Overall Assessment -- B. Planning Sustainable Levels of Public Investment -- C. Ensuring Public Investment is Allocated to the Right Sectors and Projects -- D. Delivering Productive and Durable Public Assets -- BOXES -- 1. Fiscal Responsibility Laws (FRLs) -- 2. Proposed Infrastructure Project Development Fund -- 3. PPP and Privatization Transactions -- 4. OECD Guidelines for SOE Governance-Key Recommendations -- 5. PSIP Database - Improving Management Oversight of Public Investment -- FIGURES -- 1. Public Investment -- 2. Public Capital Stock -- 3. 2015 Public Capital Stock per Capita -- 4. Current Spending (Average of Last 5 Years) vs. Capital Spending (2015) -- 5. Public Investment and Private Investment (nominal, % GDP) -- 6. Public Capital Stock (Real, % GDP) and GDP Growth -- 7. Public Investment by Function (2011, Percent of Total Public Investment) -- 8. SSA Public Investment by Function (2011, Percent of Total Public Investment) -- 9. Public Investment by Source of Financing (Percent of Total Public Investment) -- 10. Loans vs. Grants (Percent of Total Externally-Financed Projects) -- 11. FY 2017/18 Sector Allocation (Percent of Domestically-Financed Capital Budget) -- 12. Public-Private Partnerships Capital Stock -- 13. Public-Private Partnerships Capital Stock Relative to Regional Comparators -- 14. Perceived Infrastructure Quality (2006-15) -- 15. Measures of Infrastructure Access and Service Delivery -- 16. Health Spending and Outcomes.

A number of initiatives are being implemented in response to this identified need. Among them, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) implemented a five-year project (Strengthening Agricultural and Nutrition Extension [SANE]), and the European Union currently funds a five-year project (KULIMA), both of which primarily focus on extension services and their links to agricultural research. Malawi's Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development (MoAIWD) has also requested a study to look closely at the state of extension services provision, with the intent to further strengthen it to contribute to food security, economic growth, and other development goals. This has led to the three-year project (Assessing and Enhancing the Capacity, Performance, and Impact of the Pluralistic Agricultural Extension System in Malawi), funded by the government of Flanders and the German Agency for International Development, led by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). This chapter summarizes the assessment data collected from this IFPRI project, synthesizes its research papers, and extensively reviews relevant literature on the evaluation of extension services approaches in Malawi. The chapter is structured following the best-fit framework discussed in Birner et al. (2009) and presented in Chapter 2. ; PR ; IFPRI4; CRP2; DCA ; DSGD; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

Cover -- CONTENTS -- CONTEXT -- RECENT DEVELOPMENTS -- MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK AND RISKS -- ARTICLE IV DISCUSSIONS: A NEW PATH FOR GROWTH AND DEBT SUSTAINABILITY -- A. Fostering Higher, More Inclusive, and Resilient Growth -- B. Preserving Debt Sustainability -- PROGRAM OBJECTIVES AND KEY ELEMENTS -- A. Sustaining Macroeconomic Stability -- B. Increasing Spending on Infrastructure and Social Development -- C. Tackling Governance Challenges -- D. Improving Financial Intermediation -- PROGRAM MODALITIES AND SAFEGUARDS -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOXES -- 1. Malawi's Gender Inequality-Breaking the Cycle -- 2. Building Resilience against Food Crisis -- 3. Governance -- FIGURES -- 1. Recent Economic Developments, 2012-17 -- 2. Recent Monetary Developments, 2011-17 -- 3. Fiscal Developments and Outlook, 2011-17 -- 4. Selected Financial Stability Indicators, 2011-17 -- TABLES -- 1. Selected Economic Indicators, 2016-23 -- 2a. Central Government Operations, 2016/17-22/23 (Billions of Kwacha) -- 2b. Central Government Operations, 2016/17-22/23 (Percent of GDP) -- 2c. Central Government Quarterly Operations in FY 17/18 and FY 18/19 -- 3a. Monetary Authorities' Survey, 2016-19 -- 3b. Monetary Survey, 2016-19 -- 4a. Balance of Payments, 2016-23 (Millions of USD) -- 4b. Balance of Payments, 2016-23 (Percent of GDP) -- 5. Selected Banking Soundness Indicators, 2012-17 -- 6. External Financing Requirement and Source, 2016-23 -- 7. Schedule of Disbursements under ECF Arrangement, 2018-21 -- 8. Indicators of Capacity to Repay the Fund, 2018-31 -- 9. Projected External Borrowing -- 10. Selected Indicators on the Millennium Development Goals -- 11. Quantitative Targets, 2018-19 -- 12. Prior Actions -- 13. Structural Benchmarks (2018) -- ANNEXES -- I. Ex Post Peer-Reviewed Assessment -- II. Implementation of 2015 Article IV Recommendations -- III. External Sector Assessment

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYDonors have suspended some aid disbursements to Malawi in response to a scandalinvolving the theft of public funds. A group of public servants exploited weaknesses in thecontrol environment of the government's Integrated Financial Management Information System(IFMIS) to make fraudulent payments to several entities that had not provided any goods orservices to the government. The authorities are implementing an Action Plan of remedialmeasures to prevent the recurrence of the fraud. Key elements of the action plan includestrengthening security and management of IFMIS, a forensic