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Data obtained 1983-1985 via interviews with 30 retired male career athletes, ages 21-48, are drawn on to examine the development of masculine gender identity, focusing on the nature of friendships between males, the role of intimacy in such relationships, & how these contribute to males' conceptions of their sexual identity & roles. Ways that these men seek to avoid emotional intimacy are described, including their engagement in stereotypical masculine activities & encouragement of homophobia. It is shown how sexist attitudes toward women are also encouraged in this culture & reinforced by various discursive strategies & behaviors in the locker room, during training, & on the playing field. Implications for the development of true intimacy in opposite sex relationships are discussed. K. Hyatt Stewart

Studies have been done which have found attachments between people and their pets. The present study was conducted to determine the variables of the elderly-animal friendship bond. The study focused on self-perceived criteria of the aged regarding their intimate association with their
dogs. Results indicated self-perceived variables of companionship, emotional bond, usefulness, loyalty and no negotiation. There were significant differences in responses between the male and female Ss with regard to the variables of loyalty and no negotiation.

This study examines empirically the relationship between the economic conditions back home and the friendship patterns of migrants at the new destination. The migrant adjustment process is not just associated with the individual socioeconomic status, but is also related to family economic conditions in their place of origin. Our study, based on data collected in 2010 on migrant workers in seven cities located in Pearl River Delta and Yangzi River Delta in China, confirms the relationship. Our findings indicate that rural migrants in China with higher income and better economic conditions back home are associated with more friends in the host society. We also find friendship patterns to be different between male and female migrant workers. In particular, family economic conditions back home are particularly important for males' friendship pattern, but not for females. Implications of the findings are discussed.

The discourse of friendship was an integral part of political language and interaction in twelfth‐century England. Because the qualities that made a good political friendship – loyalty, wise counsel and generosity, among others – corresponded so closely to the criteria for successful lordship, historians often used the quality of a king's friendship as a signifier for the quality of his rule. Yet their treatment of women's political friendship was markedly different. The discourse of friendship therefore provides a window into the larger struggle over the representation of gender and rulership in twelfth‐century historical writing in England, reflecting chroniclers' anxiety about female sovereignty. Twelfth‐century historians depicted women's participation in political friendship as acceptable only within certain circumscribed boundaries that corresponded to the sanctioned political roles for women in general. Otherwise, chroniclers attempted to efface the existence of women's political friendship, sometimes describing the same situations in different language depending on whether the main participant was male or female. Chroniclers also represented women as arbiters of friendship, showing men how better to conduct their relationships either through direct instruction or counter‐example. In both cases women reinforced male friendship, either by being excluded from it, or by demonstrating the correct way to carry it out.

Der Brieffreund, der Studienfreund, der "beste" Freund - es gibt viele Formen der Männerfreundschaft. Der Berliner Kulturwissenschaftler Andreas Krass untersucht sie in seinem neuen Buch alle, von der Antike bis in die Gegenwart. Zwanzig Geschichten der Männerfreundschaft von Homer bis Wolfgang Herrndorf werden dafür analysiert und mit einem jeweils epochalen philosophischen Text in Beziehung gesetzt. Im Zentrum stehen nichthomosexuelle Freundschaften und ihre Passionsgeschichten, die einem Muster folgen: Warum muss erst der eine Freund sterben, damit der andere in leidenschaftlicher Weise über die Freundschaft sprechen kann? Und wie verändert sich dies im Laufe der Geschichte? Eine literarisch-kulturgeschichtliche Spurensuche voller neuer und überraschender Einsichten

Dass die Mühlen der chinesischen Bürokratie mitunter sehr langsam malen, erlebten die drei Partner des geplanten "Sino-German Friendship Hospital". Im Mai 2007 unterzeichneten die Tongji Universität in Schanghai mit Siemens Project Ventures und dem Klinikkonzern Asklepios einen Joint-Venture-Vertrag, um gemeinsam in China ein Allgemeinkrankenhaus zu errichten.

The author critiques two widely-used works in Women's Studies for their hetero-relational content and the ways in which they minimize the necessity for affinities between women. Dinnerstein and Chodorow give us in theory what movies such as Kramer vs. Kramer depict in the film. It is not co-parenting and the inclusion of the male in an equal parenting role that will remedy present "sexual arrangements," without first giving attention to women's relations with each other.