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Incentivizing Sustainable Private Sector Investment in Timber Plantations in Myanmar : Policy Options to Encourage Socially and Environmentally Responsible Investment
Forestry has traditionally been one of Myanmar's most important economic sectors, generating more in export earnings in the period 2010-2018. It is estimated that the country will have lost 12 million ha of forest between 1990 and 2020 - the third largest absolute forest loss of all countries during that period. The government now aims to restore or reforest about 884,000 ha on reserved forest (RF) and public protected forest (PPF) land under its 2016-28 Myanmar reforestation and rehabilitation program (MRRP). A range of reforms is needed to encourage private sector investment. These include: (i) identification of sufficiently large areas of suitable land close to potential processing sites or transport infrastructure and planning of land-use allocation; (ii) improving the availability of information on identified areas and on the process of acquiring plantation leases; (iii) streamlining leasing procedures and terms and scope of leases, including possible private management of state plantations; (iv) simplifying regulations on harvest and transport of plantation timber; (v) reviewing the suitability of current fiscal incentives, including tax holidays; (vi) improving information on areas and productivity of established plantations; and (vii) identifying priority research and development needs and delivery mechanisms.
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Kontexty hospodárské politiky a soucasné financní a hospodárské krize (Context of Economic Policy and the Current Financial and Economic Crisis)
In: Politická ekonomie: teorie, modelování, aplikace, Band 61, Heft 6, S. 770-794
ISSN: 0032-3233
Politicka ekonomia slovenskeho kapitalizmu: institucionalna a evolucna perspektiva (Political Economy of the Slovak Capitalism from Perspective of the Institutional and Evolutionary Economics)
In: Politická ekonomie: teorie, modelování, aplikace, Band 54, Heft 5, S. 610-631
ISSN: 0032-3233
Vymahani pravidel v rozsirene, postlisabonske a postkrizove EU: Smerem ke vnitrounijni kondicionalite?
In: Mezinárodní vztahy: Czech journal of international relations, Band 49, Heft 4, S. 43-63
ISSN: 0543-7989, 0323-1844
The article analyses the changes in norm enforcement in the EU that were triggered by the Eurozone crisis. It attempts to demonstrate that the Eurozone crisis contributed to a 'transplantation' of conditionality instruments (which traditionally exist within the EU's external relations) into the internal operations of the European Union. In particular, the article identifies which new internal rule-enforcement mechanisms of the EU share common structural features with the external EU conditionality (e.g. a vague legal framework; the use of the expertise of non-EU actors; an excess of competencies conferred to the EU; the institutional weakening of the European Commission, the European Parliament and the Court of Justice; the format of the sanctions). The article comes to the conclusion that the formation of the EU's internal conditionality occurred mainly within the instruments aimed at the crisis management of public finances of the Eurozone states (the EFSF, the EFSM, and the ESM), but it also concludes that there was an expansion of the new EU conditionality into other areas of the European integration, such as the Schengen cooperation and cohesion policy. Adapted from the source document.