Suchergebnisse

Chapter 1 Mangrove Ecosystems -- chapter 2 Mangroves and People -- chapter 3 Mapping Mangroves -- chapter 4 Eastern and Southern Africa. The Comoros Archipelago: -- chapter 5 The Middle East -- chapter 6 South Asia -- chapter 7 South-East Asia -- chapter 8 East Asia -- chapter 9 Australia and New Zealand -- chapter 10 Pacific Islands -- chapter 11 North and Central America and the Caribbean -- chapter 12 South America -- chapter 13 West and Central Africa.

Mempawah Regency has natural tourism potential in the form of mangrove forests which are ideal in optimizing the function of tourism areas related to conservation, education and communal recreation spaces. The potential tourism object for development in Mempawah Regency is the mangrove forest. The development of mangrove forest tourism has received minimal attention from the Government. It is indicated by the non-ideal facilities and functional buildings in mangrove forest tourism. Mangrove forest tourism contains mangrove forests that are beautiful and natural but have suffered damage to the natural environment, less than ideal and optimal infrastructure. Ecotourism is a solution and form of optimizing mangrove forests in Mempawah, tourism, and nature conservation on the coast. The purpose of this paper is to design a mangrove ecotourism area that is recreational, educative, and conservative. Consideration of ocean landscapes and mangrove forest landscapes on land as the main value in developing the attractiveness of the area and its buildings. The planning site is on Jalan Gusti Sulung Lelanang, Pasir Village, Mempawah Hilir District, Mempawah Regency which has a planning area of 2.95 Ha. The approach and concept used in the planning of mangrove ecotourism is an ecological architectural approach with consideration of the site, actors and activities, the amount of space, architectural aesthetic elements, structures, utilities. The design methodology applied is the Zeisel imaging method of the surrounding ecology. The result of the design of mangrove ecotourism is a recreational, educative, conservative mangrove forest natural tourism area in Mempawah Regency.

Mangroves provide diverse benefits for various coastal communities in Southeast Asia. Unfortunately, the same region exhibits the highest global rates of mangrove loss. Whilst studies exploring its value as a biocultural refugia remain lacking, the associated biocultural uses of mangroves are likewise under threat. Using the PRISMA approach, 33 studies passed the eligibility and screening process. The majority of biocultural studies were from Indonesia (60%), Malaysia (9%), Philippines (9%), and Thailand (9%) whilst the least were from Myanmar (6%), Vietnam (3%), and Timor-Leste (3%). We identified seven biocultural lenses for Southeast Asian mangroves; food source, cultural and spiritual use, livelihood source, construction materials, fuelwood and charcoal, medicinal use, and fish poison and fishing material. As a biocultural refugia, management of mangroves are intimately intertwined with traditional practices which stemmed from cultural and spiritual importance of mangroves. However, many Asian cultures remain undocumented and understudied. We, therefore, recommend a more culture-sensitive approach in various community-based mangrove conservation projects that respectfully integrate the indigenous and local knowledge systems (ILKS) and practices. Studies relating to the biocultural values, both tangible and intangible benefits of mangroves, should be further explored to promote the sustainable utilization and conservation of the remaining mangroves in Southeast Asia.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- 1: Mangroves: Types and Importance -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Types of Mangroves -- 1.3 Mangrove Ecosystem Services -- 1.3.1 Protecting from Intense Sunlight and UV-Radiation -- 1.3.2 Reducing `Greenhouse Gas´ and Carbon Sequestration -- 1.3.3 Protecting from Cyclone and Storms -- 1.3.4 Protecting from Giant Waves -- 1.3.5 Controlling Flood Damage -- 1.3.6 Preventing Coastal Soil Erosion -- 1.3.7 Trapping Coastal Sediments -- 1.3.8 Deepening of Creeks -- 1.3.9 Trapping and Recycling of Nutrients -- 1.3.10 Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Enrichment -- 1.3.11 Supporting Fishes and Wildlife -- 1.3.12 Supporting Coastal Food Web -- 1.3.13 Protecting Other Coastal Systems -- 1.4 Uses of Mangroves -- 1.4.1 Firewood and Wood Products -- 1.4.2 Honey Collection -- 1.4.3 Mangrove Foliage as Fodder -- 1.4.4 Fisheries and Livelihood -- 1.4.5 Eco-tourism Development -- 1.4.6 Environmental Risk Reduction -- 1.4.7 Traditional Medicinal Value -- 1.4.8 Herbal Tea from Mangroves -- 1.4.9 Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities -- 1.4.10 Anticancer Activity of Mangroves -- 1.4.11 Anti-Viral Activities -- 1.4.12 Anti-Diabetic Activity -- 1.4.13 Anticoagulant Activity of Mangroves -- 1.4.14 Neuro-Protective Activity -- 1.4.15 Bioactive Nanoparticle Synthesis -- 1.4.16 Mosquito Repellents and Larvicides -- 1.4.17 Lead Molecules for Drug Development -- 1.4.18 Valuable Genes from Mangroves -- 1.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 2: Biogeography of the Mangrove Ecosystem: Floristics, Population Structure, and Conservation Strategies -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Mangrove Floristics of the World and Distribution Pattern -- 2.3 Phylogeography of Extant Mangrove Species -- 2.4 Origin and Diversification of Mangroves Based on the West Tethyan Hotspot.

Mangrove ecosystem has many benefits both ecological and economic terms because of the mangrove ecosystem is one that has an important role in efforts to make use of sustainable coastal and marine resources. Various alternatives can be made to the management of mangrove forests in accordance with the necessities of life, their ability and their views or perceptions of mangrove forests. But there are still errors in the use of mangrove ecosystems, such as exploiting the mangrove forest and convert it into ponds, residential, agricultural land, and so forth. Various activities are causing widespread decline in mangrove forests and also resulted in decreased function and mangrove benefits for residents and the surrounding environment. To restore function of damaged mangrove and benefits, it is necessary to the management efforts through the rehabilitation and conservation of mangroves. This study aims: (1) Reviewing the chronology of mangrove conversion into ponds that occur in the Village Karangsong, Indramayu District, Indramayu District, (2) Knowing the actors and their respective roles in the conversion process and the actors in the rehabilitation and conservation of mangroves, (3) Analyze perceptions of local residents towards the rehabilitation and conservation of mangroves and to know the perspective of rehabilitation and conservation activities in the conversion of existing conditions, (4) Knowing the shape and development of resident participation in mangrove rehabilitation efforts. The results showed that the conversion of mangrove was originally introduced by settlers from the Losari District, Cirebon. Over time, indirectly Karangsong Village residents to observe and study the fish farming in ponds, and also facilitates the Village Government Karangsong arise in the mangrove area of ??land to be used by residents as fishponds. The continued development of aquaculture fish and shrimp in the pond, the conversion of mangrove area also do so causes a decrease in mangrove forest area and also resulted in decreased function and mangrove benefits for residents and the surrounding environment. Growing mangrove destruction, making some local residents are aware and take the initiative to form a group that deal with rehabilitation of mangrove on the basis of consciousness that is one of the mangrove ecosystem plays an important role in the ongoing effort to make use of coastal resources, the sea and the surrounding residents. Most of the perceptions of respondents in the category of "Medium" is the perception by the number of scores obtained from scoring high in doubt of the existence of mangrove rehabilitation in conversion of the existing conditions in the Karangsong Village. It can affect their initiative to participate in rehabilitation activities. Village regulations regarding the management of mangrove protection areas are not so clearly known to the respondent. Of the 34 respondents interviewed, nearly all do not know what the Village Regulations