Suchergebnisse

THERE IS some debate about whether multilateralism or bilateralism (including US military alliances) provides more effective approaches to security dilemmas facing East Asia. One might apply this question to the maritime security challenges in the region. At least four interlocking layers of potential maritime conflict exist in East Asia today. These include: (1) territorial and sovereignty disputes over islands and atolls in the East and South China Seas; (2) disputes over undefined or overlapping maritime boundaries and legal jurisdiction issues; (3) threats to maritime safety and sea-lane security; and (4) military competition for sea control among major powers. Most worrisome is the challenge of great power military competition. Combined, China's increasing naval power, the vigorous interest of the US in asserting naval primacy, and the growing assertiveness of Japan pose serious challenges to the future security architecture of the Asia-Pacific. In particular, they threaten to undermine the cooperative security institutions and norms that have been painstakingly developed since the end of the Cold War. However, the most urgent security concerns relate to conflicting territorial claims among regional states.

THERE IS some debate about whether multilateralism or bilateralism (including US military alliances) provides more effective approaches to security dilemmas facing East Asia. One might apply this question to the maritime security challenges in the region. At least four interlocking layers of potential maritime conflict exist in East Asia today. These include: (1) territorial and sovereignty disputes over islands and atolls in the East and South China Seas; (2) disputes over undefined or overlapping maritime boundaries and legal jurisdiction issues; (3) threats to maritime safety and sea-lane security; and (4) military competition for sea control among major powers. Most worrisome is the challenge of great power military competition. Combined, China's increasing naval power, the vigorous interest of the US in asserting naval primacy, and the growing assertiveness of Japan pose serious challenges to the future security architecture of the Asia-Pacific. In particular, they threaten to undermine the cooperative security institutions and norms that have been painstakingly developed since the end of the Cold War. However, the most urgent security concerns relate to conflicting territorial claims among regional states.

Litigating International Law Disputes provides a fresh understanding of why states resort to international adjudication or arbitration to resolve international law disputes. A group of leading scholars and practitioners discern the reasons for the use of international litigation and other modes of dispute settlement by examining various substantive areas of international law (such as human rights, trade, environment, maritime boundaries, territorial sovereignty and investment law) as well as considering case studies from particular countries and regions. The chapters also canvass the roles of international lawyers, NGOs, and private actors, as well as the political dynamics of disputes, and identify emergent trends in dispute settlement for different areas of international law

The book contains contributions of scholars from Canada, Greece, Israel, Italy, and the United States. Section 1 consists of studies on historical and security issues, with contributions on the historical background of Greco-Turkish relations, British perspectives on these relations after World War II, the role of NATO, Greece's defense strategy, and the balance of power between Greece and Turkey. Section 2 addresses law of the sea and governance issues, and includes studies on Greece and the law of the sea, maritime boundaries in the Mediterranean, the Imia Rocks crisis, human security and governance, fisheries management, water resources management, joint development zones, and dispute settlement in the law of the sea

Autonomous vessels and robotics, artificial Intelligence and cybersecurity are transforming international shipping and naval operations. Likewise, blockchain offers new efficiencies for compliance with international shipping records, while renewable energy from currents and waves and offshore nuclear power stations open opportunities for new sources of power within and from the sea. These and other emerging technologies pose a challenge for the governance framework of the law of the sea, which is adapting to accommodate the accelerating rates of global change. This volume examines how the latest technological advances and marine sciences are reshaping the interpretation and application of the law of the sea. The authors explore the legality of new concepts for military operations on the continental shelf, suggest remote sensing methodologies for delimitation of maritime boundaries, and offer a legal roadmap for ensuring maritime cyber security

Abstract
Boundaries in the ocean are man-made constructs of importance to everything from oil and gas production, to fisheries and environmental protection. How do states delineate such ownership and rights? These are the core questions examined in this article, which studies Australia's maritime boundary agreements, starting with Indonesia in 1971 and ending with Timor-Leste in 2019. In addition to depicting and documenting the main drivers and impediments to these agreements whenever Australia has had to negotiate with a third country, it examines Australia's approach to boundary-making at sea more generally. Drawing on international law and political science, this article shows why we need understand the interplay between security politics, legal considerations and domestic interests in order to understand what motivates states to settle their maritime disputes.

Population growth poses one of the greatest challenges for human survival in the 21st Century and, increasingly, man is turning to the sea for food and energy. As the ocean has no physical boundaries, it is inevitable that some of these activities will affect the seashore and jurisdictional waters of coastal States, negatively affecting those nations' territorial waters, with all the economic and social ramifications that entails. Recent studies point to most threats to maritime jurisdictions coming from undetected acts perpetrated on the high seas. Therefore, this article looks at potential threats in this domain and measures to mitigate those threats, in full compliance with the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. That fact, and the limitations imposed by international law, make it impossible for any one country to address these issues alone. Increasingly States need the support of hemispheric alliances, such as the Organization of American States, and transboundary water agreements such as the South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone. Leveraging those alliances and agreements to reinforce maritime safety is the surest way to foster cooperation among developing nations, including those with coasts along the South Atlantic, and to prevent maritime threats from undermining their future.

Maritime Asia is a confusing morass of contested sovereignties and geopolitical rivalries. Yet the seaways of Asia have, in their history, also fostered cultural exchange and economic integration. The liminal maritime zone surrounding China remains a paradox between seas and ports teeming with legal and illegal exchange and governmental policies attempting to monopolize and restrict that exchange. Vast and fluid, maritime China has long hindered state control and fostered connections determined as much by bottom-up economic and cultural logic as by top-down official impositions. This issue of Cross-Currents proposes to reexamine the rich history of maritime China and adjacent areas by tracing the interactions of the three initiatives of control, evasion, and interloping. This special issue stems from a conference the guest editors organized in Boston in 2015, with support from Boston University, Brandeis University, Northeastern University, and the Taiwan Ministry of Education. We invited a distinguished group of scholars to explore the many facets of maritime China's history. Our key postulation was that state control, evasion from that control, and interloping within the interstices of China's maritime world literally bound an array of actors and locales for distinct but interrelated goals, from the early modern era to the modern era. This concept is encapsulated in the title of the current issue, "Binding Maritime China." What "creates" and gives coherence to the concept of maritime China as a social, economic, political, and geographic space is, to a large extent, how human actors (Chinese and Western merchants and businessmen, navy officers, bureaucrats, fishermen, pirates, missionaries, and so on) productively interacted or experienced conflicts and resisted one another's control. They did so across oceanic and coastal spaces, administrative boundaries, class lines, bureaucratic institutions, commercial organizations, and competing imperial formations.

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface and Acknowledgements -- A Note on Sources and the Limitations of Archival Research -- Introduction -- 1 The Atlantic Charter-'Whither Thou Goest' -- 2 The Allies, Australia and Portuguese Timor -- 3 After the War-The Vision Fades -- 4 Australia and Portuguese Timor -- 5 The Australian Continental Shelf-Declaring Boundaries -- 6 Post-Colonial Abandonment-Australia and the Indonesian Occupation of Timor-Leste -- 7 Timor-Leste Edges Towards Independence -- 8 Transition in Timor-Leste and the Timor Gap Treaty -- 9 The Transitional Government Negotiates a New Treaty -- 10 'Independence' for Timor-Leste -- 11 The FALINTIL Tragedy -- 12 Australian Opportunism -- 13 Lighter Than Air-The Helium Escapes -- 14 A Matter for Inquiry -- 15 Australian Gameplay -- 16 Export Trade Versus Defence -- 17 Determining Maritime Boundaries -- 18 Timor-Leste Complains -- 19 The Universal Relevance of the Rule of Law -- Notes -- Index.