Suchergebnisse

A two-tiered approach to financial market development aimed at both bank and bond market reform would also be complementary to longer term economic development, provided services could be delivered through efficient financial and legal institutions (Chakraborty and Ray 2006) and there was strong protection for investors and sound fiscal and monetary policy management by government (Burger and Warnock 2006b). Historically, local issuers tend to issue in the major currencies (U.S. dollars, yen, and euro), and then either swap the proceeds into local currency (interest rate parity theory suggests this should deliver funds equivalent in yield to what is available in the domestic market) or, more often, sell the foreign currency proceeds in spot foreign exchange markets, leaving the repayment cash flows unhedged. Chakraborty and Ray (2006) recently established that although stronger bank monitoring helps to resolve information asymmetries and agency concerns, it is the efficiency of financial and legal institutions that influences growth outcomes, whether there is a bank- or a market-based financial system. Among them are the need for enabling regulation, including reform of withholding and other foreign investor taxes (Lejot, Arner, and Liu 2006); continuing reform of corporate governance, which includes better creditor rights, bankruptcy procedures, and contract enforcement (Beck, Levine, and Loayza 2000; Burger and Warnock 2006); and strong financial infrastructure for better information disclosure, the establishment of reliable credit ratings (Kisselev and Packer 2006) and robust benchmark yield curves The securities market is largely self-regulated through organizations such as the Korea Securities Dealers Association, the Korea Exchange, and the Korea Securities Depository, and four local agencies assign credit ratings: Korea Investor Service (a Moody's affiliate), Korea Ratings (a Fitch affiliate), National Information & Credit Evaluation, and Seoul Credit Rating & Information. This process began in 2004 with the introduction of the Korea Interbank Offered Rate (KORIBOR), which should become the benchmark interest rate for short-term financing for banks and may become a reference rate for bond or swap transactions. The first phase of the Foreign Exchange Liberalization Plan (2002 2005) increased won funding limits for nonresidents and raised the ceiling on the amount of residents' foreign borrowings requiring notification. The 2005 merger of the Korea Stock Exchange, the Korean Securities Dealers Automated Quotation stock market, and the Korea Futures Exchange into the Korea Exchange is expected to upgrade the competitiveness of the nation's trading system for a variety of financial products, including stocks, bonds, options, and other derivatives. There appears to be a natural ordering to the tasks involved: first, establish benchmark bonds and indices; second, develop a diverse derivatives market; third, systematically lengthen the bond market's maturity profile; and fourth, build and develop over-the-counter capability and price structures for derivatives and other complex financial instruments. In developed countries, as banks have become increasingly cautious about extending credit, a gradual process of disintermediation has been occurring in historically bank-oriented financial regimes, fed by considerable regulatory efforts directed at market liberalization.

The development of liquid, sound and deep bond markets has become one of the most important policy issues in the financial sector in Asian countries. In fact, though this issue has been discussed for a while now, the Asian financial crisis re-emphasised its importance, and it is worth discussing this issue in the framework of the post-crisis landscape. The second "Round Table on Capital Market Reforms in Asia" held in Tokyo in April 2000, which was organised by the OECD and the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), focused on bond market development in Asia. Bond market developmen

The purpose of the article is to research the current state and peculiarities of the vegetable market development and predict its conjuncture. Research methods. The following methods were applied: analysis and synthesis, analytical generalizations; graphic – during analysis the vegetable production and selling, international trade; balance – during determining of the market balance of demand and supply, their changes and mutual influence; export and import provisions; statistical; extrapolation constructive and calculated - for market forecasting. Research results. The problems of the vegetable market development were explored. The tendencies and peculiarities of its functioning established. The main market economic parameters were considered: production, consumption, price situation, international trade. The peculiarities of the structural changes of the export and import supplies were balance. The necessity of increasing the vegetable marketable supply during the winter-spring period was established as well as the causes restraining the vegetable growing industry development determined and the directions of its further progress. Scientific novelty. The major parameters of the vegetable market development were substantiated from viewpoint of the necessity of the rational population requirements provision as well as of increasing the export potential and the vegetable growing industry further progress. Practical significance. The research results should be used when forming the expedient program of the vegetable growing industry development for the long term period, directed, first of all, to the rational Ukraine's population provision with the vegetable products. Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 12.

The goal of this paper is to review the development prospects of stock market in Georgia. The change of economic system in Central and Eastern Europe in 1990s resulted in rapid economic growth. This led to the rise of various financial institutions, especially the development of stock markets. The existence of stock markets in the developing countries is associated with the establishment of free market system and democracy. Therefore, developed countries attach significant importance to the development of stock markets in third countries.Influence of internal and external factors on Stock market development in third countries is reviewed in this paper. External factors include the establishment of successful economic models through international financial institutions, financial aid, and sharing of best practices in the field. Internal factors include the impacts of sustainable banking systems, pension funds, and insurance companies on stock market operation in developing countries

Introduction. Development of bond markets in Asia. Session 1: Introduction. Session 2: Experience in Asia and policy issues to be adressed. Session 3: Lessons from the experience in OECD countries and other emerging economies. Session 4: The roles of securities laws and securities market regulators for the sound development of bond market. Session 5: The view of rating agencies and research institutes. Annex 1: Country notes. (...)

Although the Philippines was the 1st Asian country to receive cassava from the New World via the Spanish in the 17th century, at present it is only a minor crop, grown essentially by smallholders who obtain very low yields (4-5 t/ha). There has been little government support although the crop fits well into efforts to obtain self-sufficiency. The major producing areas are the Visayas region and Mindinao. Data are provided on production trends and distribution, yields, production systems, production costs, and labor utilization. In general, production incentives are weak due to poorly developed markets for cassava, leading to extensive production systems and low yields. The principal existing alternative market is for starch production although this requires a constant supply of raw material. The composite flour market also offers a potential provided the price for cassava chips be reduced. The study concludes that the future of cassava depends on capturing a share of the growing animal feed market. (CIAT) ; Aunque las Filipinas fue el primer pais asiatico en recibir yuca proveniente del Nuevo Mundo a traves de los espanoles en el siglo 17, esta es actualmente solo un cultivo menor, producido esencialmente por pequenos agricultores que obtienen rendimientos muy bajos (4-5 t/ha). El gobierno ha brindado poco apoyo a pesar de que el cultivo se ajusta bien a los esfuerzos por alcanzar la autosuficiencia. Las mayores areas productoras estan en las regiones de Visayas y Mindinao. Se presentan datos sobre tendencias de produccion, distribucion, rendimientos, sistemas de produccion, costos de produccion y utilizacion de mano de obra. En general, los incentivos a la produccion son pocos debido al desarrollo deficente de los mercados de yuca, lo que conlleva a sistemas extensivos de produccion y a bajos rendimientos. La principal alternativa de mercadeo que existe es para la produccion de almidon, aunque este requiere un suministro constante de materia prima. El mercado de harinas compuestas tambien ofrece un potencial siempre y cuando se reduzca el precio de los trozos de yuca. El estudio concluye que el futuro de la yuca depende de su capacidad de captar una porcion del creciente mercado de alimentos para animales. (CIAT)

Intro -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction: The U.S. Health Care System as It Emerges from a Pandemic -- 1. Care Transformation: The Post-COVID Transformation of Health Care Delivery -- 2. Workforce: Evolving Workforce Priorities in the Wake of the Pandemic -- 3. Strategy: The Acceleration of New Business Models -- 4. Health Equity: Health Care Organizations' Role in Social Justice and Health Equity -- 5. Finance: The Future of Provider Reimbursement -- 6. Virtual Health: Post-COVID Virtual Health Strategies -- 7. Behavioral Health: The Growing Importance of Behavioral Health in the COVID and Post-COVID Landscape -- 8. Emergency Preparedness: How COVID-19 Has Changed Hospital and Health System Emergency Preparedness -- About the Contributors -- Back Cover.

Intro -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction: Transforming Health Care While Responding to a Pandemic -- 1. Consolidation: A Network Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic -- 2. Social Determinants: Why Social Health Is as Important as Physical and Mental Health -- 3. Societal Violence: Health Care Organizations' Role in Combating Societal Violence -- 4. Consumerism: Navigating the New Age of Consumerism After COVID-19 -- 5. Finance: Value-Driven Outcomes: Where Quality Meets Cost Efficiency -- 6. Culture Change: Creating a Culture of Disruption, Change and Innovation -- 7. Technology: Artificial Intelligence: Tools for Transforming Care -- 8. Investment: The Role of Private Equity in Health Care Innovation -- About the Contributors -- Back Cover.