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This interdisciplinary study analyses the ways in which signs of masculinity have been performed across a wide variety of contexts and genres - including literature, classical ballet, sports, rock music, films and computer games - from the early nineteenth century to the present day, Were there male celebrity bodies before David Beckham? When did male dancers start playing a part -- and which one? Was Victorian masculinity all in earnest before Oscar Wilde? What kind of masculinity does cricket promote? What is 'Cock Rock'? How can we understand Chinese American masculinities? Do contemporary computer games have a gender? These and even more questions are addressed in the present study through contemporary theories of masculinity and performativity. The answers that experts from many different fields of Literary, Cultural and Media Studies provide add up to a survey of modern masculinities, its precursors, its manifestations across different genres and different media, as well as its continuing challenges and impasses

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- ILLUSTRATIONS -- Preface to the Twentieth Anniversary Edition -- PREFACE -- 1. AN INTRODUCTION TO FEMALE MASCULINITY -- 2. PERVERSE PRESENTISM -- 3. "A WRITER OF MISFITS" -- 4. LESBIAN MASCULINITY -- 5. TRANSGENDER BUTCH -- 6. LOOKING BUTCH -- 7. DRAG KINGS -- 8. RAGING BULL (DYKE) -- NOTES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- FILMOGRAPHY -- INDEX

In this quintessential work of queer theory, Jack Halberstam takes aim at the protected status of male masculinity and shows that female masculinity has offered a distinct alternative to it for well over two centuries. Demonstrating how female masculinity is not some bad imitation of virility, but a lively and dramatic staging of hybrid and minority genders, Halberstam catalogs the diversity of gender expressions among masculine women from nineteenth-century pre-lesbian practices to contemporary drag king performances. Through detailed textual readings as well as empirical research, Halberstam uncovers a hidden history of female masculinities while arguing for a more nuanced understanding of gender categories that would incorporate rather than pathologize them. He rereads Anne Lister's diaries and Radclyffe Hall's The Well of Loneliness as foundational assertions of female masculine identity; considers the enigma of the stone butch and the politics surrounding butch/femme roles within lesbian communities; and explores issues of transsexuality among "transgender dykes"--Lesbians who pass as men--and female-to-male transsexuals who may find the label of "lesbian" a temporary refuge. Halberstam also tackles such topics as women and boxing, butches in Hollywood and independent cinema, and the phenomenon of male impersonators. Featuring a new preface by the author, this twentieth anniversary edition of Female Masculinity remains as insightful, timely, and necessary as ever.

The social and hierarchical relationship between the sexes in Morocco is now in crisis because of the increase in the number of women in the education and employment fields, the decrease in fecundity, and the de-institutionalization of sexuality. These three unfinished processes are the main factors that define the unequal traditional relationship between sexes. Additionally, these processes redefine masculinity, which has been considered for a long time as a source of privilege and power.

Scholar Ricardo G. Costa Filho explores Brazilian meat brand Friboi's recent advertising campaign, and finds an intricate connection between hygiene, masculinity, and animal protein consumption.

AbstractHegemonic masculinity in Nazi Germany, as well as in many militarized societies around the globe, meant physical, emotional, and moral "hardness." The ideal man, embodied by the soldier, was tough and aggressive, in control of his body, mind, and psyche. He did not hesitate to sacrifice life and limb on behalf of the Fatherland, or to subordinate his individuality under the command of a conformist group of comrades. Whereas many scholars have already stressed these features of hegemonic masculinity, this article argues that the act of soldiering provided men with a male identity that was ultimately not defined by the repudiation, but ratherintegration, of what was (and is) often coded as feminine. In the social practice of male interaction, diversity and flexibility were needed, thus allowing for the display of femininely coded behavior like affection, tenderness, empathy, caring, and tolerance toward emotional breakdowns and moments of weakness in their midst. Thanks to its inclusive nature, such "protean" masculinity enabled different types of soldier-men to establish male identities; it also allowed them to switch among different emotional and moral states without losing their manliness. Yet, this was true only if the predominance of hardness was respected. Eventually, protean masculinity integrated diverse men and diverse emotional and moral conditions into a fighting unit, and, in the case of the Third Reich, into a genocidal society.

A review of recent Canadian literature on the political economy of sexuality, particularly the critical new literature on masculinity & heterosexuality. It is argued that masculinity & heterosexuality are not biological, nor are they politically neutral; rather, they are social accomplishments of a political nature located within a larger set of political, economic, & social relations. The gender & sexual obedience to both masculinity & heterosexuality is a human activity, a social product embodied by individual men in their everyday routine set of social relations. As a collective process, this obedience is supported by the social structure & expresses themes of competition with other men, the exploitation & subordination of women & other men, violence toward women & other men, & homophobia. Based on this conceptualization of hegemonic heterosexuality masculinity, it is suggested that, if issues of sexuality are relations of power in a M-dominated society, then the silence around heterosexism & heterosexual privilege must be broken in order to invoke a personal & social transformation, & to challenge the ideas & practices of power that continue to create expression. Modified AA

Masculinity, Senses, Spirit brings together current work by leading scholars in the fields of gender studies, religion, history, and cultural studies to examine the complex interrelationship between gender, sexuality, and the realms of the spirit and the senses in the Atlantic world from the 18th century to the present