Suchergebnisse

Final Master's thesis - emigration and Lithuanian media reports and policy reports. The aim of the terminal - the theme of emigration disclosure in the media agenda setting approach. Job tasks: to discuss the phenomenon of emigration during the pre-Soviet Lithuania, and after 1990 Restoration of Independence until 2010; the main agenda setting theory arguments, to review studies using the theory of agenda setting, theme in the context of immigration, emigration to discuss the topic in the media world and Lithuanian, a Lithuanian theme of emigration in the media content analysis of the themes of emigration for political content analysis of texts. Analyzing, systematizing and summarizing the scientific literature and came to the conclusion that the emigration of scientific sources, is often described as a feature of the Lithuanian people, and most Lithuanians - Diaspora people. Pre-Soviet periods, the magnitude of emigration, the reasons are not very well considered, and the consequences of not being spoken. Today Lithuanian emigration is nothing new or unexpected event. Scientific and journalistic sources often associated with globalization is defined as a dynamic process, but solid and consistent research on this topic, however, missing. Following the work of the scientific research analysis showed that the political forces, through agenda-setting mechanisms, is able to reach the public and influence their opinion so that it would be advantageous or disadvantageous to a particular e(i) migration-related issue. This means that things that get on the political agenda, reflected in the media agenda. Lithuanian research through the media and political texts, content analysis lead to the conclusion that the emigration is often at issue in the media, but only a quarter of these texts refers to political sources. The investigation revealed that the themes of emigration dynamics in the political and media agendas is the same. Agenda setting approach in the Lithuanian media emigration seen in the context of the political agenda. Linking the global economic crisis and political indifference of the media agenda, it can be concluded that the political agenda is influenced by factors beyond its control, but having a strong influence on her. This may explain the fact that virtually every issue in the media in spreading the message about one-third more to emigrate, compared to political institutions. This research may be interesting and useful for students, teachers, researchers in mass communication sciences, for media representatives, especially the media, political representatives, public relations professionals.

In the article two cases in Latvian and Lithuanian press are analyzed. First publication appeared in year 2000 Latvian magazine Kapitals, second in year 2004 in Lithuanian daily Respublika. Both articles claim that Jews rule the world. In Kapitals case publication is straightly entitled – "Jews rule the world", Respublika case leaves some space for interpretation "Who rules the world?" from the texts it is clear that two groups are involved in the process, not only Jews, as in Latvian case, but also homosexuals. Because of negative stereotypes image of Jewish community in Latvia and in Lithuania has a lot of negative aspects and usage of negative stereotypes could provoke anti-Semitic attitudes. Homosexuals in Lithuania are one of the most stigmatized groups also usually referred only in negative connotations. Both publications are based on conspiracy theories that relatively small and in society unpopular groups in fact are very powerful and can strongly affect life of society. To publication in Latvia reacted not only civil society, foreign diplomats but Latvia's Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign affairs condemning such a position, editor of the magazine resigned from his position. In Lithuania only civil society and foreign diplomats reacted, local politicians did not pay attention to the issues. Author of the articles (and owner of the newspaper as well) received some financial punishment without any adequate sanctions further.

In the article two cases in Latvian and Lithuanian press are analyzed. First publication appeared in year 2000 Latvian magazine Kapitals, second in year 2004 in Lithuanian daily Respublika. Both articles claim that Jews rule the world. In Kapitals case publication is straightly entitled – "Jews rule the world", Respublika case leaves some space for interpretation "Who rules the world?" from the texts it is clear that two groups are involved in the process, not only Jews, as in Latvian case, but also homosexuals. Because of negative stereotypes image of Jewish community in Latvia and in Lithuania has a lot of negative aspects and usage of negative stereotypes could provoke anti-Semitic attitudes. Homosexuals in Lithuania are one of the most stigmatized groups also usually referred only in negative connotations. Both publications are based on conspiracy theories that relatively small and in society unpopular groups in fact are very powerful and can strongly affect life of society. To publication in Latvia reacted not only civil society, foreign diplomats but Latvia's Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign affairs condemning such a position, editor of the magazine resigned from his position. In Lithuania only civil society and foreign diplomats reacted, local politicians did not pay attention to the issues. Author of the articles (and owner of the newspaper as well) received some financial punishment without any adequate sanctions further.

In the article two cases in Latvian and Lithuanian press are analyzed. First publication appeared in year 2000 Latvian magazine Kapitals, second in year 2004 in Lithuanian daily Respublika. Both articles claim that Jews rule the world. In Kapitals case publication is straightly entitled – "Jews rule the world", Respublika case leaves some space for interpretation "Who rules the world?" from the texts it is clear that two groups are involved in the process, not only Jews, as in Latvian case, but also homosexuals. Because of negative stereotypes image of Jewish community in Latvia and in Lithuania has a lot of negative aspects and usage of negative stereotypes could provoke anti-Semitic attitudes. Homosexuals in Lithuania are one of the most stigmatized groups also usually referred only in negative connotations. Both publications are based on conspiracy theories that relatively small and in society unpopular groups in fact are very powerful and can strongly affect life of society. To publication in Latvia reacted not only civil society, foreign diplomats but Latvia's Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign affairs condemning such a position, editor of the magazine resigned from his position. In Lithuania only civil society and foreign diplomats reacted, local politicians did not pay attention to the issues. Author of the articles (and owner of the newspaper as well) received some financial punishment without any adequate sanctions further.

The paper discusses women's images & women related themes as they were presented in the Lithuanian national mass-media in the EP elections (May-June, 2004). Monitoring of the two largest Lithuanian dailies demonstrated that the EP elections had a second-rate status, which was enhanced by the first-round of the nation-wide Presidential elections, taking place on the very same day (May 14, 2004). Newspapers provided superficial references to women & did not produce any articulated discourse about women's representation in the EP. The result -- the Lithuanian delegation to the EP has 5 women among its 13 members -- is to be attributed to national political culture, appearance of the new populist party & individual candidates' electoral strategies, but not to women-friendly public discourse & political communication. Adapted from the source document.

However, the mere receipt of scandalous information and its dissemination is not enough to provoke changes of social and legal framework. Such effects can occur if the scandal is accompanied by the combination of social circumstances stimulated by mass media: a total visibility of the event; the interpretation of the event as violating the generally accepted moral norms, traditions and values; mystery of the event, consisting of one or more items that must be disclosed. This work usually goes to journalists. Their work in these cases is legitimated by heterogenic unambiguous audience, not its individual segments, despite real or potential guilty of the perpetrator. Thus the disclosing Žurnalistikos tyrimai • Mokslo darbų žurnalas (Komunikacija ir informacija) • 2010 Nr. 3 52 work of media representatives is justified. To sum it up, although the scandals are not targeted or pre-professional interest of the journalists, but the media representatives support and stimulate the scandal, taking the advantages of the difficult crises communication. Typical sign of the scandal as the phenomenon of mass communication is moral panics caused in the society, which requires the correspondence between media and political agenda on the one side and public response and political action from the elites, on the other side. The public response is realized not only by the means of communication, but is taken in accordance with powers of compulsory actions of political elites. So pedophilia scandal has caused serious legal and social changes in society that led to the appropriate domestic policy decisions: law enforcement reforms, the rotation of heads, the faster adoption of the amendments to laws. Pedophilia scandal has highlighted the problem of strong pre-trial procedures and publication of data on juvenile problems in the media regulation, which should draw the attention of professional journalists' organizations and the legislature.

However, the mere receipt of scandalous information and its dissemination is not enough to provoke changes of social and legal framework. Such effects can occur if the scandal is accompanied by the combination of social circumstances stimulated by mass media: a total visibility of the event; the interpretation of the event as violating the generally accepted moral norms, traditions and values; mystery of the event, consisting of one or more items that must be disclosed. This work usually goes to journalists. Their work in these cases is legitimated by heterogenic unambiguous audience, not its individual segments, despite real or potential guilty of the perpetrator. Thus the disclosing Žurnalistikos tyrimai • Mokslo darbų žurnalas (Komunikacija ir informacija) • 2010 Nr. 3 52 work of media representatives is justified. To sum it up, although the scandals are not targeted or pre-professional interest of the journalists, but the media representatives support and stimulate the scandal, taking the advantages of the difficult crises communication. Typical sign of the scandal as the phenomenon of mass communication is moral panics caused in the society, which requires the correspondence between media and political agenda on the one side and public response and political action from the elites, on the other side. The public response is realized not only by the means of communication, but is taken in accordance with powers of compulsory actions of political elites. So pedophilia scandal has caused serious legal and social changes in society that led to the appropriate domestic policy decisions: law enforcement reforms, the rotation of heads, the faster adoption of the amendments to laws. Pedophilia scandal has highlighted the problem of strong pre-trial procedures and publication of data on juvenile problems in the media regulation, which should draw the attention of professional journalists' organizations and the legislature.

However, the mere receipt of scandalous information and its dissemination is not enough to provoke changes of social and legal framework. Such effects can occur if the scandal is accompanied by the combination of social circumstances stimulated by mass media: a total visibility of the event; the interpretation of the event as violating the generally accepted moral norms, traditions and values; mystery of the event, consisting of one or more items that must be disclosed. This work usually goes to journalists. Their work in these cases is legitimated by heterogenic unambiguous audience, not its individual segments, despite real or potential guilty of the perpetrator. Thus the disclosing Žurnalistikos tyrimai • Mokslo darbų žurnalas (Komunikacija ir informacija) • 2010 Nr. 3 52 work of media representatives is justified. To sum it up, although the scandals are not targeted or pre-professional interest of the journalists, but the media representatives support and stimulate the scandal, taking the advantages of the difficult crises communication. Typical sign of the scandal as the phenomenon of mass communication is moral panics caused in the society, which requires the correspondence between media and political agenda on the one side and public response and political action from the elites, on the other side. The public response is realized not only by the means of communication, but is taken in accordance with powers of compulsory actions of political elites. So pedophilia scandal has caused serious legal and social changes in society that led to the appropriate domestic policy decisions: law enforcement reforms, the rotation of heads, the faster adoption of the amendments to laws. Pedophilia scandal has highlighted the problem of strong pre-trial procedures and publication of data on juvenile problems in the media regulation, which should draw the attention of professional journalists' organizations and the legislature.

However, the mere receipt of scandalous information and its dissemination is not enough to provoke changes of social and legal framework. Such effects can occur if the scandal is accompanied by the combination of social circumstances stimulated by mass media: a total visibility of the event; the interpretation of the event as violating the generally accepted moral norms, traditions and values; mystery of the event, consisting of one or more items that must be disclosed. This work usually goes to journalists. Their work in these cases is legitimated by heterogenic unambiguous audience, not its individual segments, despite real or potential guilty of the perpetrator. Thus the disclosing Žurnalistikos tyrimai • Mokslo darbų žurnalas (Komunikacija ir informacija) • 2010 Nr. 3 52 work of media representatives is justified. To sum it up, although the scandals are not targeted or pre-professional interest of the journalists, but the media representatives support and stimulate the scandal, taking the advantages of the difficult crises communication. Typical sign of the scandal as the phenomenon of mass communication is moral panics caused in the society, which requires the correspondence between media and political agenda on the one side and public response and political action from the elites, on the other side. The public response is realized not only by the means of communication, but is taken in accordance with powers of compulsory actions of political elites. So pedophilia scandal has caused serious legal and social changes in society that led to the appropriate domestic policy decisions: law enforcement reforms, the rotation of heads, the faster adoption of the amendments to laws. Pedophilia scandal has highlighted the problem of strong pre-trial procedures and publication of data on juvenile problems in the media regulation, which should draw the attention of professional journalists' organizations and the legislature.

Summary The process of communication is very wide and miscellaneous. Usually inner and outer processes and models of communication, various interactions are studied and one aspect of communication is almost forgotten. Rumour is defined as information which is reported by one person to another about not very clear events and which reliability is not checked. Rumour in a person's life, in the process of communication brings big influence, is one of information sources, method of interaction and sociability, dependence on definite society, group of features as well as an object of human's psychology studies. The object of this work is reasons and internal of rumour working, connection with plot theory and row situation. The purpose of the research – to explore the development of rumour and internal of its working and establish its relation with principles and factors of plot and row. The main goals of the work: to deliberate conception of rumours, its rise, spread, reasons of transfer and contexts; to deliberate participants of interaction and social functions of rumour; to give conception of plot theory, aspects of plot spread, its political premises and results; to compare theories of rumours and plot, reasons and internal of its rise and working. To give its contiguity assumptions; to highlight technologies and practice internal of rumour and the plot and possible outcome to an individual and society; to analyse the information the mass media gives by row, to find and highlight cases of rumour usage and spread. Rumour can be used to get definite information, while developing thinking and understanding skills, changing lives and influencing processes of organization work and political life. Therefore rumour should be understood as an important, having influence and formative object and element. Rumour pander our curiosity and explains what official information cannot explain. Rumour can make you look at people and phenomenon in a different way, it helps to get important information and make deliberate decisions, escape dangers. Effect of rumour can be very varying, it can help individual, group, organization to reach a purpose but it can also do harm. When we admit information, we value that news from official sources may be doubtful because creators of the information may have their own interests and aims. Mistrust in mass media or political agencies is a stimulus to look for extra information. The main notions: spread of rumour, rumour functions, plot, plot theory, row, information, informal information, official information, lack of information, rumour influence, society, influence on society. This work can be useful for communications, public relations, politics studies students, politicians.

Summary The process of communication is very wide and miscellaneous. Usually inner and outer processes and models of communication, various interactions are studied and one aspect of communication is almost forgotten. Rumour is defined as information which is reported by one person to another about not very clear events and which reliability is not checked. Rumour in a person's life, in the process of communication brings big influence, is one of information sources, method of interaction and sociability, dependence on definite society, group of features as well as an object of human's psychology studies. The object of this work is reasons and internal of rumour working, connection with plot theory and row situation. The purpose of the research – to explore the development of rumour and internal of its working and establish its relation with principles and factors of plot and row. The main goals of the work: to deliberate conception of rumours, its rise, spread, reasons of transfer and contexts; to deliberate participants of interaction and social functions of rumour; to give conception of plot theory, aspects of plot spread, its political premises and results; to compare theories of rumours and plot, reasons and internal of its rise and working. To give its contiguity assumptions; to highlight technologies and practice internal of rumour and the plot and possible outcome to an individual and society; to analyse the information the mass media gives by row, to find and highlight cases of rumour usage and spread. Rumour can be used to get definite information, while developing thinking and understanding skills, changing lives and influencing processes of organization work and political life. Therefore rumour should be understood as an important, having influence and formative object and element. Rumour pander our curiosity and explains what official information cannot explain. Rumour can make you look at people and phenomenon in a different way, it helps to get important information and make deliberate decisions, escape dangers. Effect of rumour can be very varying, it can help individual, group, organization to reach a purpose but it can also do harm. When we admit information, we value that news from official sources may be doubtful because creators of the information may have their own interests and aims. Mistrust in mass media or political agencies is a stimulus to look for extra information. The main notions: spread of rumour, rumour functions, plot, plot theory, row, information, informal information, official information, lack of information, rumour influence, society, influence on society. This work can be useful for communications, public relations, politics studies students, politicians.

Summary The process of communication is very wide and miscellaneous. Usually inner and outer processes and models of communication, various interactions are studied and one aspect of communication is almost forgotten. Rumour is defined as information which is reported by one person to another about not very clear events and which reliability is not checked. Rumour in a person's life, in the process of communication brings big influence, is one of information sources, method of interaction and sociability, dependence on definite society, group of features as well as an object of human's psychology studies. The object of this work is reasons and internal of rumour working, connection with plot theory and row situation. The purpose of the research – to explore the development of rumour and internal of its working and establish its relation with principles and factors of plot and row. The main goals of the work: to deliberate conception of rumours, its rise, spread, reasons of transfer and contexts; to deliberate participants of interaction and social functions of rumour; to give conception of plot theory, aspects of plot spread, its political premises and results; to compare theories of rumours and plot, reasons and internal of its rise and working. To give its contiguity assumptions; to highlight technologies and practice internal of rumour and the plot and possible outcome to an individual and society; to analyse the information the mass media gives by row, to find and highlight cases of rumour usage and spread. Rumour can be used to get definite information, while developing thinking and understanding skills, changing lives and influencing processes of organization work and political life. Therefore rumour should be understood as an important, having influence and formative object and element. Rumour pander our curiosity and explains what official information cannot explain. Rumour can make you look at people and phenomenon in a different way, it helps to get important information and make deliberate decisions, escape dangers. Effect of rumour can be very varying, it can help individual, group, organization to reach a purpose but it can also do harm. When we admit information, we value that news from official sources may be doubtful because creators of the information may have their own interests and aims. Mistrust in mass media or political agencies is a stimulus to look for extra information. The main notions: spread of rumour, rumour functions, plot, plot theory, row, information, informal information, official information, lack of information, rumour influence, society, influence on society. This work can be useful for communications, public relations, politics studies students, politicians.

Summary The process of communication is very wide and miscellaneous. Usually inner and outer processes and models of communication, various interactions are studied and one aspect of communication is almost forgotten. Rumour is defined as information which is reported by one person to another about not very clear events and which reliability is not checked. Rumour in a person's life, in the process of communication brings big influence, is one of information sources, method of interaction and sociability, dependence on definite society, group of features as well as an object of human's psychology studies. The object of this work is reasons and internal of rumour working, connection with plot theory and row situation. The purpose of the research – to explore the development of rumour and internal of its working and establish its relation with principles and factors of plot and row. The main goals of the work: to deliberate conception of rumours, its rise, spread, reasons of transfer and contexts; to deliberate participants of interaction and social functions of rumour; to give conception of plot theory, aspects of plot spread, its political premises and results; to compare theories of rumours and plot, reasons and internal of its rise and working. To give its contiguity assumptions; to highlight technologies and practice internal of rumour and the plot and possible outcome to an individual and society; to analyse the information the mass media gives by row, to find and highlight cases of rumour usage and spread. Rumour can be used to get definite information, while developing thinking and understanding skills, changing lives and influencing processes of organization work and political life. Therefore rumour should be understood as an important, having influence and formative object and element. Rumour pander our curiosity and explains what official information cannot explain. Rumour can make you look at people and phenomenon in a different way, it helps to get important information and make deliberate decisions, escape dangers. Effect of rumour can be very varying, it can help individual, group, organization to reach a purpose but it can also do harm. When we admit information, we value that news from official sources may be doubtful because creators of the information may have their own interests and aims. Mistrust in mass media or political agencies is a stimulus to look for extra information. The main notions: spread of rumour, rumour functions, plot, plot theory, row, information, informal information, official information, lack of information, rumour influence, society, influence on society. This work can be useful for communications, public relations, politics studies students, politicians.

Means through which states promote their names have first been called propaganda, later public diplomacy, and nowadays these notions are often replaced with the concept of public relations. Yet the ways of promoting a country's name abroad by means of public diplomacy have not been widely analysed, therefore it merits research. The aim of this Master thesis is to analyse the application of public diplomacy for increasing knowledge about a country by analysing one case, i.e. the efforts of the Presidency of the Republic of Lithuania to promote the country's name in the context of an historical event. The objectives are the following: to analyse the notion of public diplomacy and its importance vis-à-vis other means of popularising a country; to analyse what possibilities to promote the country's name the Lithuanian Presidency had during the celebration of the millennium of Lithuania's name, which of those were actually applied, and how successful they were. The following research methods were applied: analysis of scholarly literature; quantitative as well as qualitative content analysis; and an expert interview. The conclusion has been reached that, in the case analysed, the Lithuanian Presidency actively applied public diplomacy, taking measures oriented at publicity through mass media. In particular, the strategy of a "pseudo-event" was chosen, when using symbols an event is created in order to attract media attention. Such an event was the ceremony of celebrating the millennium of Lithuania's name, in which political leaders of thirteen states took part. As the event was rather widely reflected in the media of other countries, one can conclude that it was an example of successful application of the "pseudo-event" strategy as a means of public diplomacy.

Means through which states promote their names have first been called propaganda, later public diplomacy, and nowadays these notions are often replaced with the concept of public relations. Yet the ways of promoting a country's name abroad by means of public diplomacy have not been widely analysed, therefore it merits research. The aim of this Master thesis is to analyse the application of public diplomacy for increasing knowledge about a country by analysing one case, i.e. the efforts of the Presidency of the Republic of Lithuania to promote the country's name in the context of an historical event. The objectives are the following: to analyse the notion of public diplomacy and its importance vis-à-vis other means of popularising a country; to analyse what possibilities to promote the country's name the Lithuanian Presidency had during the celebration of the millennium of Lithuania's name, which of those were actually applied, and how successful they were. The following research methods were applied: analysis of scholarly literature; quantitative as well as qualitative content analysis; and an expert interview. The conclusion has been reached that, in the case analysed, the Lithuanian Presidency actively applied public diplomacy, taking measures oriented at publicity through mass media. In particular, the strategy of a "pseudo-event" was chosen, when using symbols an event is created in order to attract media attention. Such an event was the ceremony of celebrating the millennium of Lithuania's name, in which political leaders of thirteen states took part. As the event was rather widely reflected in the media of other countries, one can conclude that it was an example of successful application of the "pseudo-event" strategy as a means of public diplomacy.