Mass media plays a crucial role in infirmation distribution and thus in the political market and public policy making. Theory predicts that infirmation provided by mass media reflects the media's incentives to provide news to different types of groups in society, and affects these groups?influence in policy-making. We use data on agricultural policy from 60 countries, spanning a wide range of development stages and media markets, to test these predictions. We find that, in line with theoretical predictions, public support to agriculture is strongly affected by the structure of the mass media. In particular, a greater role of the private mass media in society is associated with policies which benefit the majority more: it reduces taxation of agriculture in poor countries and reduces subsidization of agriculture in rich countries, ceteris paribus. The evidence is also consistent with the hypothesis that increased competition in commercial media reduces transfers to special interest groups and contributes to more efficient public policies.
Una de las características de la era digital más aceptada en términos generales la "democratización masiva" por el amplio acceso a los "mass media". Sin embargo, no existe una relación directa entre la apropiación tecnológica y la calidad de la noticia. Los medios de comunicación trabajan con la información, entendida ésta como un bien público al que la ciudadanía puede y debe acceder en miras a poder estar informado sobre lo que acontece a su alrededor. Expresarse libremente y estar bien informados constituyen doscondiciones esenciales de la democracia. Sin embargo los medios de comunicación producen las noticias que transmiten. Los medios son emisores además de transmisores de noticias que lejos están de ser neutrales y absolutas. Nos resta preguntarnos cómo es posible convertir a los dispositivos tecnológicos en herramientaspara lograr el empoderamiento de la información en las ciberdemocracias del siglo XXI. Recuperar el sentido de la acción ayudados por los mecanismos tecnológicos. La propia construcción a partir del inacabable proceso de de-construcción permite asegurarnos el imperio de la heterogeneidad; de la multiplicidad, por encima del discurso hegemónico y dominante ; "Mass democratization" is one of the characteristics of the digital age more accepted in general terms by the wide access to the "mass media". However, there is no direct relationship between technological appropriation and news quality. Media works with information, understood as a public good that citizens can and should be able to access in order to be informed about what is happening around them. Express themselves freely and be well informed are two essential conditions of democracy. But the mediaproduce news they transmit. Media are senders and transmitters of news that are far from beingneutral and absolute. It remains to ask how it culd be possible to transform technological devices as tools for the empowerment of the information in the XXI century ciber-democracies. Recover the sense ofaction aided by technological devices. The ...
The article considers the image of Russia formed by western mass media with the help of various journalistic techniques and stylistic resources. The image of Russia is formed by western mass media through the analysis of her political-economic situation, home affairs, reforms, and the leading figures in politics and economics. The thematic unlimited range of the questions discussed by modern western mass media defines the use of various technologies of forming the required image. Among such techniques of forming the image of Russia are the contrast between the future and present of the country, subtle criticism and objection under superficial consent (the so-called fly in the ointment), a consistent and undoubtedly deliberate input of the negative factual information into the structure of the text, doubt about the reliability of a personality, the opposition of seeming and true realities, and others. The stylistic resources used for forming the image of Russia involve emotionally colored words, neutral and expressive means, verbal collocations and metaphorical expressions, epithets, repetitions, antithesis, insertions and others. The topicality of the subject discussed makes the journalists look for the ways of expressing their negative, seldom positive attitude towards Russia as well as of making a skillfully veiled impact on the readers' mind to receive specific responses.
The development of the convergent communication technology is not only limited to technology, but has penetrated and changed the basic patterns of human life. As a process structure and artifact, technology is an imperactive feature of future community development. Mass media is an effective means that can reach the masses in a large and widespread universality of reach. Mass media has an important role in society and is considered to have excess that can influence human mind in order to change their lifestyle. This paper tries to explain the phenomenon of convergence media that forces conventional media to enter the internet network (online). The research methods are qualitative and descriptive by applying library study and emperical data. This study discussed the digitalization of freedom in democracy in the mass media. There are 4 (four) aspects that influence the shifting of religious behavior community as a result of mass media freedom, in economic, social, cultural, and political life. The results of the study reveal conventional media shifting to online media give positive and negative impacts to its users. Moral decline in community, the economic life that puts too much emphasis on material fulfillment efforts, has caused people to become consumptive. Culture has caused the changes in the way of nation's life and losing of political values that based on family spirit, consensus, and mutual cooperation. In the view of Islam, mass media is a mass communication media that functions in creating a public opinion. The forming of public opinion is something that cannot be underestimated in the Islamic system. Mass media has a function to build a solid religious community and strengthen the values of nation and state life. Perkembangan teknologi komunikasi yang berkonvergensi ini tidak hanya sebatas dalam ranah teknologi semata, melainkan telah merambah dan mengubah pola-pola dasar kehidupan manusia.Teknologi sebagai struktur proses dan artefak, merupakan ciri imperactive perkembangan masyarakat masa depan. Media massa merupakan sarana efektif yang mampu menjangkau massa dalam jumlah besar dan luas (universality of reach). Media massa memiliki peranan penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat dan dianggap mempunyai keunggulan yang dapat mempengaruhi pikiran manusia sehingga gaya hidup dapat berubah. Makalah ini mencoba memaparkan munculnya fenomena konvergensi media yang memaksa media konvensional melebarkan sayap dan masuk ke dalam jaringan internet (daring). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitiatif dengan menggunakan studi literatur dan data empiris. Dalam penelitian ini dibahas digitalisasi kebebasan berdemokrasi dalam media massa. Ada 4 (empat) aspek yang mempengaruhi pergeseran perilaku religiuitas masyarakat sebagai akibat kebebasan media massa, mulai dari aspek kehidupan ekonomi, sosial, budaya dan politik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pergeseran media konvensional ke media daring memiliki dampak positif bagi yang memanfaatkan dengan baik, sebaliknya berdampak negatif jika memanfaatkannya secara sia-sia. Kemerosotan moral di kalangan masyarakat, kemajuan kehidupan ekonomi yang terlalu menekankan pada upaya pemenuhan material, telah menyebabkan sebagian masyarakat menjadi konsumtif. Sisi budaya mempercepat perubahan pola kehidupan bangsa dan lunturnya nilai-nilai politik yang berdasarkan semangat kekeluargaan, musyawarah mufakat, dan gotong royong. Dalam pandangan Islam, media massa merupakan media komunikasi massal yang berfungsi dalam menciptakan sebuah opini publik yang akan menjadi opini umum.Pembentukan opini umum adalah hal yang tidak bisa disepelekan dalam sistem Islam. Media massa berfungsi untuk membangun masyarakat religiuitas yang kokoh dan untuk memperkuat nilai-nilai kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara.
Nuri Bilge Ceylan is the most famous Turkish film director with numerous international prizes. However, Ceylan's presentation by the Turkish media is far from emphasizing his success, talent, creativity, style, technique, and cinematography. He often falls victim to undeserved and superficial criticism of "would be" critics who openly confess they did not watch Ceylan's movies. He is sometimes portrayed as a political figure and critic of the present day Turkish politics and system. This article focuses on how two mainstream Turkish newspapers, columnists and microbloggers portrayed and reacted to Ceylan and his cinema after his film Winter Sleep won the top prize (the Golden Palm) at Cannes Film Festival in 2014 and the reasons behind this portrayal. ; No sponsors
The article reveals the modalities of mass-media's influence on public consciousness. The correlation of political, public and media agendas has also been investigated. For the first time the investigation has been made with consideration for a region, by the example of the Belgorod Region.
Historically, analyses of change in mass media systems have tended to draw upon a 'dissident vs state' framework, derived largely from the western historical experience. In the case of China, a 'state vs market' scenario has been superimposed on this basic framework, in the context of which the Chinese Communist party-state is often portrayed as a monolithic entity intent on promoting market-oriented reform in China's economic base, while keeping a tight grip on the country's mass media system and political superstructure. These dominant analytical frameworks tend to mask a number of important dynamics unique to Chinese history and society, that have played a significant role in the mass media transformation process. The purpose of this article is to outline a new conceptual framework incorporating these unique dynamics. In particular, it is the contention of this article that many of the changes in China's mass media system during the post-Mao period have been achieved by non-state actors, not in an adversarial process vis-à-vis the state, but through what may be called 'creative renegotiation and expansion' of new policy openings initiated by the state. The success of these non-state actors, furthermore, has been due to three major systemic factors: (1) the increasing 'deideologization' of the Chinese society set in motion by Deng's pragmatic policies; (2) the gradual functional shift on the part of the local party cadres and bureaucratic authorities from ideological supervision to entrepreneurial collaboration with private investors; and (3) the increasingly common core of interest created by the media's commercialization among the party cadres, bureaucratic bodies and media entrepreneurs and managers in extracting profits from the media.
The purpose of the article is to identify specific features of the modern Ukrainian superhero as a mechanism of cultural reflection. Recently, comics have become popular in Ukraine, and on the shelves of bookstores every year, there are more and more interesting Ukrainian superhero comic stories that are closely intertwined with socio-cultural and political contexts. However, the image of a modern Ukrainian superhero remains an unexplored phenomenon. The research methodology includes a historical method for systematizing the available material, a method of analysis used to compare national and foreign publications and projects where superheroes operate, and a synthesis method for summarizing the results of the research. The scientific novelty is to identify the main features of the modern Ukrainian superhero and its representation in the mass media as a tool for self-analysis of Ukrainian society. Conclusions. Modern Ukrainian comic culture produces the latest images that emerge from the circumstances of Ukrainian society (the Revolution of Dignity, the war in the East of Ukraine). The Ukrainian superhero, following the traditions of the world classics, has superhuman capabilities and special character traits. Through mass media promoting the image of a superhero, national values are actively promoted in Ukraine. ; The purpose of the article is to identify specific features of the modern Ukrainian superhero as a mechanism of cultural reflection. Recently, comics have become popular in Ukraine, and on the shelves of bookstores every year, there are more and more interesting Ukrainian superhero comic stories that are closely intertwined with socio-cultural and political contexts. However, the image of a modern Ukrainian superhero remains an unexplored phenomenon. The research methodology includes a historical method for systematizing the available material, a method of analysis used to compare national and foreign publications and projects where superheroes operate, and a synthesis method for summarizing the results of the research. The scientific novelty is to identify the main features of the modern Ukrainian superhero and its representation in the mass media as a tool for self-analysis of Ukrainian society. Conclusions. Modern Ukrainian comic culture produces the latest images that emerge from the circumstances of Ukrainian society (the Revolution of Dignity, the war in the East of Ukraine). The Ukrainian superhero, following the traditions of the world classics, has superhuman capabilities and special character traits. Through mass media promoting the image of a superhero, national values are actively promoted in Ukraine.
The purpose of the article is to identify specific features of the modern Ukrainian superhero as a mechanism of cultural reflection. Recently, comics have become popular in Ukraine, and on the shelves of bookstores every year, there are more and more interesting Ukrainian superhero comic stories that are closely intertwined with socio-cultural and political contexts. However, the image of a modern Ukrainian superhero remains an unexplored phenomenon. The research methodology includes a historical method for systematizing the available material, a method of analysis used to compare national and foreign publications and projects where superheroes operate, and a synthesis method for summarizing the results of the research. The scientific novelty is to identify the main features of the modern Ukrainian superhero and its representation in the mass media as a tool for self-analysis of Ukrainian society. Conclusions. Modern Ukrainian comic culture produces the latest images that emerge from the circumstances of Ukrainian society (the Revolution of Dignity, the war in the East of Ukraine). The Ukrainian superhero, following the traditions of the world classics, has superhuman capabilities and special character traits. Through mass media promoting the image of a superhero, national values are actively promoted in Ukraine. ; The purpose of the article is to identify specific features of the modern Ukrainian superhero as a mechanism of cultural reflection. Recently, comics have become popular in Ukraine, and on the shelves of bookstores every year, there are more and more interesting Ukrainian superhero comic stories that are closely intertwined with socio-cultural and political contexts. However, the image of a modern Ukrainian superhero remains an unexplored phenomenon. The research methodology includes a historical method for systematizing the available material, a method of analysis used to compare national and foreign publications and projects where superheroes operate, and a synthesis method for summarizing the results of the research. The scientific novelty is to identify the main features of the modern Ukrainian superhero and its representation in the mass media as a tool for self-analysis of Ukrainian society. Conclusions. Modern Ukrainian comic culture produces the latest images that emerge from the circumstances of Ukrainian society (the Revolution of Dignity, the war in the East of Ukraine). The Ukrainian superhero, following the traditions of the world classics, has superhuman capabilities and special character traits. Through mass media promoting the image of a superhero, national values are actively promoted in Ukraine.
Europe witnessed fundamental changes in its media landscape during the 1920s, namely the development of radio as a mass medium, the introduction of sound film and the dramatic growth of the press and the cinema. However, these changes developed very unevenly all over Europe, differing not only between nation states, but also between regions and between the countryside and metropolitan areas. These developments were often observed critically by political and cultural elites, who warned of the corrosive effects of "mass culture." Throughout Europe, censorship measures were implemented to save the population from the supposedly corrosive influence of popular entertainment.
Mass media role and importance in terrorist strategy are analysed in this article. Key words: mass media, terrorism, information, aggressor, political actors. ; Проаналізовано роль ЗМІ як чинника в реалізації терористичної стратегії. Ключові слова: ЗМІ, тероризм, агресори, політичні актори, інформація.
5 pages, 6 figures. ; This letter focus on the effect of repulsive interactions on the adoption of an external message in an opinion model. With a simple change in the rules, we modify the Deffuant \emph{et al.} model to incorporate the presence of repulsive interactions. We will show that information receptiveness is optimal for an intermediate fraction of repulsive links. Using the master equation as well as Monte Carlo simulations of the message-free model, we identify the point where the system becomes optimally permeable to external influence with an order-disorder transition. ; We acknowledge financial support by the MEC (Spain) and FEDER (EU) through project FIS2007-60327. TVM acknowledges the support of FCT (Portugal) through Grant No. SFRH/BD/23709/2005, MP is supported by the Belgian Federal Government (IAP project "NOSY: Nonlinear systems, stochastic processes and statistical mechanics"). ; Peer reviewed
Referring to the concepts, communicative democracy is defined as free, open and democratic communication organized around three equally legitimate public sphere actors – politicians, journalists and public opinion, and populism is understood as good, entertaining and effective communication with people, eroding basic functions of the political parties (institutionalization of ideological conflicts) and politicians (representation), the paper provides insights about the dangers to quality of democracy if the free mass media gets utterly away from political parallelism. Special attention is placed on the tendencies of media personnel to be active in the political life. The paper conceptualizes a tremendous decrease (by one third) in public trust in mass media in Lithuania, observed from 1998 to 2009 and interprets this change as a cumulative result of the post-communist illstructured political field under pressing liberalization and democratization coupled with specific patterns of the Lithuanian political culture and public sphere. In the conditions of a still relatively high public trust in mass-media and scarce foreign ownership of the mass-media outlets in Lithuania, the local media barons are able to produce and impose their own public-agenda. The Lithuanian massmedia and government relations evolve along the lines of the zero-sum game: they seek to control each other, and at the same time try to avoid being controlled by the other, while any other pattern of inter-relations does not appear as viable and appropriate. INTUNE project survey (2009) shows that the media elite's influence in the national decision making process is significantly higher in Lithuania than, for instance, in Germany or Hungary.Key words: populism, communicative democracy, mass-media ownership, public sphere, public trust.
Th e systems of public administration in the national republics have one signifi cant diff erence when compared with other types of regional subjects ("oblast" or "kray") in the Russian Federation. Th ese systems have governmental media (state media) founded by public authorities and these media outlets' assets are in the ownership of these authorities. It gives a certain originality to both the national republics' and Russia's administrative practices and mass media functioning. It is common for experts to criticize the national republics' public administrations for withdrawal from the libertarian model, but most oft en, this critical thinking does not clarify the reasons which could have looked "positive" from the libertarian perspective. Th ese reasons are the major factor in making public authorities maintain state media. Th e paper aims to synthesize the practice of governmental administration of mass media in the national republics and explicate the administration model by considering the example of Buryatia. Th e authors give their own defi nition to the concept of "state media"; identify public authorities' and mass media's interaction principles as well as institutional specifi cs of mass media's functioning in the national subjects of Russia. Th e authors argue that state media's functioning is justifi ed. Being a political institution, state media experience a serious impact of various social factors including political, economic and legal ones. In the process of political management, their interference provides the mass media with a resource potential. Th e state mass media in Buryatia is founded by its government and operates under the supervision of a special body in the Administration of the Head and the Government of the Republic of Buryatia. In practice, this body is an operator and manager of the mass media industry and it possesses all the resources it needs, including fi nancial, to run the industry. All the state media outlets have been joined into "Buryaad Unen Publishing House", a state autonomous institution. It provides state services via the implementation of particular functions. One of these functions is conducting the state politics and policy that is the consequence of the political forces ratio on the regional and federal levels. Th e other functions include legitimization of law, publicizing activities of public authorities, and preservation and development of the national language (the Buryat peoples' language). Th e latter state media function is of major importance in the national republics. Th e research approach is an environmental sociological analysis studying the infl uence of various social factors which are making an impact on the choice of government mechanisms for administering state media. For analysis of various aspects of state mass media's transformation into a social subject of policy, the authors combine sociological with institutional and discourse research methods.
Maternal mortality remains a major population health problem in the developing world due in part to inadequate healthcare before, during, and after childbirth. Mass media has the potential to disseminate information about maternal healthcare that can improve well-being for mothers and infants, particularly among women with limited educational attainment. This study examines the impact of mass media exposure (e.g., television, radio, and newspaper) and sociodemographic factors on maternal healthcare utilization in four South Asian countries: India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan. Analyses use 2014–2017 Demographic and Health Surveys, which are nationally representative of women aged 15–49 years. Results show that maternal healthcare utilization is significantly higher among women exposed to mass media across countries, even after controlling for mother's, husband's, and household sociodemographic factors. Women exposed to mass media are 46–86% more likely to receive antenatal care, 24–53% more likely to deliver their babies by skilled birth attendants, and 36–94% more likely to receive postpartum check-ups across countries. Mother's educational attainment moderates the association between mass media exposure and some maternal healthcare services in three of the four countries. Governments and public health organizations can consider mass media as a key intervention in promoting maternal health in developing contexts.
