17 pages ; The 20th Century is often said to be the bloodiest century in recorded history. In addition to its wars, the century witnessed many grave and widespread human rights abuses. But what stands out in historical accounts of those abuses, perhaps even more than the cruelty of their perpetration, is the inaction of bystanders. Why do people and their governments repeatedly fail to react to genocide and other mass-scale human rights violations?
Purpose: The relevance of work is connected with understanding that the policy turns into the media process. Problematic is an allocation in a huge flow of information of the most priority and significant: consciousness of the recipient is considerably overloaded; the individual does not manage to carry out the analysis of the obtained information, and only gives it a superficial emotional assessment Methodology: The method of comparison is used for the correlation of political media reality with reality. The method of the analysis of empirical data of political activity promotes the establishment of the truth in the registration of media materials. Result: In the article, the levers used in mass media are analyzed, their manipulative potential is defined. Special attention is paid to the fact that virtualization of political reality in mass media leads to the emergence of ideological symbols. The practical importance of research of manipulative capacity of mass media consists of the identification of peculiar features, forms, and methods of impact on the consumer of information content. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of The manipulative capacity of mass media is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
Wer am Wochenende die politische Debatte und auf Twitter den Hashtag #Ellwangen verfolgt hat, könnte den Eindruck gewinnen Deutschland stehe kurz vor einem Bürgerkrieg. Dabei hatten Flüchtlinge nur versucht, die Überstellung ihres Mitbewohners im Rahmen des Dubliner-Zuständigkeitssystems nach Italien zu verhindern, ein Akt des zivilen Ungehorsams. Weil die Polizei den ersten Überstellungsversuch abbrach – was bei Überstellungen durchaus keine Seltenheit ist -, folgte offenbar auf politischen Druck hin nicht nur die Mobilisierung einer behelmten Polizei-Hundertschaft, sondern auch eine Kaskade von politischen Vorwürfen und eilfertigen Maßnahmenvorschlägen. .
The article reviews the main aspects of the research led by Elias Canetti in Crowds and Power. By analyzing the meanings of the images of his life's work" [Lebenswerk], the article tries to demonstrate the relevance of its categories for a critical diagnosis of the present. Beyond "grabbing the twentieth century by the throat" by showing the hunting dynamics between individuals, crowds and power, the categories introduced by Canetti in his most important bookcan be updated in order to understand the predatory relations among humans incontemporary societies. For this reason, the last part of the article will be focused on the main transformations that have occurred in the collective and individual processes of domestication in contemporary societies: the final paragraph analyzes the latest developments of the baiting and double crowds of war in western democracies together with the spreading of the "secretstrategy of commands" inside and outside contemporary workplaces. Finally, the article will examine the possibility of social transformation embodied in today's flight and prohibition crowds.
For some time scholars and policy observers alike have suggested that "artificial," or foreign-drawn borders, are in fact to blame for ethnic conflicts in postcolonial states. So far, however, there has been no empirical evidence to support this assertion. This dissertation's contributions are twofold. First, I provide the first empirical evidence linking foreign-drawn borders with ethnic civil war outbreak, one-sided government violence against civilians, and foreign military intervention. Second, the dissertation provides a refined theory of forced cohabitation as a framework for understanding the relationships between these seemingly unconnected correlations.
Yemen's experiment in popular parliamentary elections has shaken things up in the Arabian Peninsula, the last place on earth that the United States wants to see democracy flourish. But internal political differences, profound economic crisis and Saudi hostility puts this achievement at risk.
This item is part of the Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements (PRISM) digital collection, a collaborative initiative between Florida Atlantic University and University of Central Florida in the Publication of Archival, Library & Museum Materials (PALMM).
The continuing public attention focused on acts of mass violence, including mass shootings, has understandably created significant concerns over the ability to protect individuals from death and injury attributable to these acts. At least two generalized explanations for this kind of violence have been put forward, based on the nature of the acts and apparent motivation of the perpetrators, who are often killed in the process by themselves or law enforcement officers. Many acts of mass violence are committed by individuals confirmed to be terrorists, acting with political or religious-political motivations. Others are assumed to be committed by individuals acting out of mental instability. For at least the latter, evidence of prior mental health problems or treatment affords support for the notion that mental health professionals may offer the potential for prevention in some cases or instances. While looking to the mental health professions for solutions to some cases of mass violence may seem logical and has resulted in legislative responses that recognize or create a duty for mental health professionals to warn or take other protective action to prevent injury to third persons, it is far from clear that this approach can be counted on to yield favorable results, and certainly not with respect to all, or even a majority of episodes of mass violence.
Printer varies. ; "Containing the Mayor's address, city government roster, annual reports, etc."; varies slightly. ; Description based on 1903. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Adolf Ellissen (1815-1872) hat Montesquieus "Esprit des Lois", der 1748 in Genf erschienen war, in den Jahren 1843-1844 ins Deutsche übertragen, als sich in seiner Heimat Hannover die 'schwärzeste Reaktion' erhoben hatte. Konnte er damit das Denken der Aufklärung in die demokratischen Bemühungen des 19. Jahrhunderts übertragen? Gibt es Ideen aus dem achtzehnten Jahrhundert, die immer wieder und auch lange noch nach dem ehrenvollen Scheitern des Frankfurter Projekts Kontroversen in der politischen Welt auslösten, weil sie von seinerzeit Gedachtem und Geschriebenem auf Unerwartetes und Ungedachtes führten?
A work of art's openness to participation is traditionally a focus for thought and debate on the artists' role and on the way the participants relate to the artistic process. A recent artistic development in participation art - a formal definition of a work that involves a massive number of participants – calls for a reassessment of participation strategies and the study of the effects of this change on practices where the involvement of the other is simultaneously a method of art making and a field of poetic potential. In this thesis, current theoretical work on the broader context of participation has been critical to define mass participation within that field. However, a shift from views centred on the new status of the participant public and its impact on the social and political context of the artwork towards a view centred on the artists' options is needed to assess the particularities of this practice. This shift reflects our research position that mass participation follows a process of artists' gradual ceding of authorial control to external elements. This process, that we will argue to have its roots in ancient art, is further explored by the vanguards of the early twentieth century, and is part of current art practice and discourse. Such timeline has already been clearly described elsewhere. However, the distinctive trait of mass participation, in what relates to that agency transfer is a set of form making strategies which have lately come together even if they have been individually sought throughout modern and contemporary artistic endeavour. As such, the work here documented, involves the systematization of such strategies resorting to two main approaches: on one hand, through practice, dealing with the formal and poetical potential of working with the mass. The main conceptual and implementation themes of four projects, that are accounted for in the second half of this document, establishes the seeds for the proposition of a mass participation strategy; on the other hand, a theoretical generalization effort, that makes for the first half of this document, creates the abstract framework of such proposition. Along with its general technological, cultural and artistic context, mass participation is posited within a critical review of the notions of agency, participation, the mass, and complexity. ; A abertura de uma obra de arte à participação constitui tradicionalmente um foco de reflexão e debate sobre o papel do artista e sobre as maneiras dos participantes se relacionarem com o processo artístico. Um desenvolvimento recente na arte participativa – a definição formal de uma obra que envolve um número massivo de participantes – apela a uma reavaliação das estratégias participativas e ao estudo dos efeitos desta mudança sobre práticas em que o envolvimento d'o outro é simultaneamente um método para o fazer arte e o campo de um potencial poético. Para esta tese, o trabalho teórico actual sobre o contexto alargado da participação foi crucial para aí inscrever a definição especifica de participação em massa. Contudo, para avaliar as particularidades daquela prática é necessário deslocar as perspectivas centradas no público participante e no seu impacte na obra de arte em direcção a uma perspectiva centrada nas escolhas do artista. Esta deslocação reflecte a posição resultante da nossa investigação de que a participação de massa segue um processo de cedência gradual pelo artista do seu controlo autoral a elementos externos. Este processo, que, segundo nos propomos arguir, tem as suas raízes na arte mais antiga, é explorado de modo mais extensivo pelas vanguardas artísticas do início do século XX e é parte do discurso e da prática actuais. Esta evolução temporal tem sido descrita na literatura relevante; contudo, o traço distintivo da participação de massa enquanto tal, no que respeita a transferência de agência, é conjunto das suas estratégias para a produção de forma, mesmo que tenham sido procuradas individualmente ao longo das experiências artísticas modernas e contemporâneas. Assim, o trabalho que aqui documentamos envolve a sistematização destas estratégias recorrendo a uma dupla abordagem. Por um lado é mobilizada uma prática que recorre ao potencial formal e poético do trabalho com as massas: os principais temas conceptuais e de implementação presentes em quatro projectos, dos quais é dada conta na segunda parte deste documento, formam a raiz da proposta de uma estratégia de participação de massas. Por outro lado, o esforço de generalização teórica que constitui a primeira metade deste documento cria a moldura abstracta dessa proposta. Em consonância com o seu contexto geral no plano artístico, tecnológico e cultural, a participação de massa é postulada no âmbito de uma revisão crítica das noções de agência, participação, massa e complexidade.
This paper challenges the effectiveness and necessity of "mass surveillance technology"(MST) on two dimensions: (a) states' internal use of MST and the subsequent issue of violation of fundamental freedoms, and (b) surveillance technology export control, especially to third countries likely to use such technology to violate human rights. Following the Snowden Datagate scandal, many States undertook inquiries and adopted measures that, in some cases, were meant to regulate the use of mass surveillance technology. The paper will: a) assess and evaluate current regulations on mass surveillance technology and its place in democratic societies, including what is at stake in terms of technology, threats, reactions to threats, and geographic extension, b) the risks linked to the use of MST on the national level by questioning the validity of counter-terrorism measures as a justification for MST use c) analyze international trade control regimes and legislation to highlighting their inadequacy in the face of the threats posed by MST, and d) map the evolution of the EU dual-use trade control system towards a human security approach with regard to human rights protection, in order to assess the capability of the system to avoid the misuse of MST. ; Peer reviewed
