Suchergebnisse

Masovne i nekontrolirane migracije, gledajući s pozicije tranzitnih i zemalja odredišta, predstavljaju veliki, često i izuzetno teško savladiv izazov kojeg mnogi akteri promatraju na bitno različite načine, čime se stvara nepotpuna slika o samoj pojavi. Njih danas uzrokuju mješoviti push i pull faktori – od kombinacije ratnih razaranja, etničkih netrpeljivosti, nedostatka javne sigurnosti, klimatskih promjena, neimaštine do traženja svega suprotnog u odnosu na njihovo postojeće stanje i sredinu. Premda države članice Europske unije zbog demografske obnove i nedostatka radne snage trebaju velik broj useljenika, te države, kao ni Unija u cjelini, nemaju spremne učinkovite i provedive strateške planove, razvijene sposobnosti ni kapacitete za prihvat velikog broja migranata, čemu smo bili svjedoci tijekom 2015. i početkom 2016. godine. U ovom radu predmet istraživanja i analize su migracijske politike i odnosi spram migranata od razine Europske unije, preko pojedinih značajnih država članica do zemalja na tzv. Balkanskoj ruti. ; From the position of transit and destination countries, mass and uncontrolled migrations present large and very often insurmountable challenge, which is observed in fundamentally different ways by different actors. Such situation helps creating an incomplete picture of the phenomenon itself. Today, mass migrations are caused by mixed push and pull factors – from the combination of war, ethnic intolerance, the lack of public security, climate change and poverty to those (pull) factors which signify just the opposite to their (migrants') current situation and environment. Although EU member states need large number of immigrants due to demographic and labor shortages, these countries (and the EU) do not possess available, effective and feasible strategic plans, developed skills or the capacity to accommodate a large number of migrants, as we have already witnessed during 2015 and early 2016. The subject of research and analysis in this paper are migration policies and relations towards migrants at the EU level, the level of certain important member states and countries of the so-called Balkan route.

Valuation of real estate is an important factor in the economic and political development of a modern state. Modern real estate valuation systems at national level are based on spatial data, both cadastral and topographic, which are maintained using advanced technologies -spatial databases in particular. Through adequate modelling, by combining data from the existing databases, it is possible to create a national system for real estate valuation. This paper first gives an elaboration of possible characteristics of a digital terrain model database, and continues to describe an approach to automatic calculation of 3D characteristics, i.e. the slope and the azimuth of a cadastral parcel. The system response time to queries for a single cadastral parcel was measured, as well as for a set of 5100 cadastral parcels, in an implementation based on the Oracle10g spatial database. ; Vrednovanje nekretnina je važan čimbenik u gospodarskom i političkom razvoju moderne države. Moderni sustavi za vrednovanje nekretnina na nacionalnoj razini svugdje su temeljeni na prostornim podacima, kako katastarskog tako i topografskog podrijetla, koji su održavani korištenjem naprednih tehnologija ponajprije prostornih baza podataka. Uz pravilno modeliranje moguće je kombiniranjem podataka iz raspoloživih baza stvoriti i nacionalni sustav za vrednovanje nekretnina. U članku je, nakon obrazloženja mogućih postavki baze digitalnog modela reljefa, opisan pristup automatskom računanju 3D obilježja odnosno nagiba i azimuta pojedine katastarske čestice. Obavljena su i okvirna mjerenja vremena odaziva na upit za jednu katastarsku česticu i za skup od 5100 katastarskih čestica u sustavu ostvarenom na prostornoj bazi podataka Oracle10g.

Pojmom autoritarnosti u tekstu se nastoji osvijetliti autoritarna politička i vojna djelovanja država koje zanemaruju pravne i moralne dosege suvremene civilizacije te se na taj način želi »obuhvatiti vrijeme« pojmovima kao što su propaganda, rat I terorizam. U promišljanja o ratu uvode se teze Sigmunda Freuda, Ericha Fromma, Claudea Lévi-Straussa, Friedricha Nietzschea, Noama Chomskoga i drugih autora koji ratu »proširuju okvire«. Iz tako proširenoga konteksta promatraju se fenomeni »globalnoga rata« i »medijskoga rata« te posebno teroristički napad u Parizu 2015 godine. Želja je pokazati novu/staru ulogu masmedijske »proizvodnje pristanka« te pojasniti ulogu i snagu medija u aktualnom rastu terorizma u svijetu. ; The concept of authoritarianism is used in the text as a way to shed light on the authoritarian political and military activities of those countries that ignore the modern civilisation's legal and moral achievements in an attempt to "envelop time" in concepts such as propaganda, war and terrorism. Reflections on war include theses by Sigmund Freud, Erich Fromm, Claude LéviStrauss, Friedrich Nietzsche, Noam Chomsky, and other authors who "expand the framework" of war. This broadened context is then used in order to observe the phenomena of "global war" and "media war", and the terrorist attack in Paris. The goal is to highlight the new/old role of the mass media's "manufacturing consent", and to clarify the role and power of media in the current rise of terrorism in the world.

A society's reality should be reflected in education, that is, educational methods need to keep up with the times. The purpose of this research is to examine the educational methods for the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the education system of Korea. The sample of the research targeted the Korean education system from 1960 to the present in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. A literature review and a descriptive approach were applied to analyze the sample, and the findings indicate that the education system of Korea may be classified into three stages from 1960 to the present. The first stage was nationalism, driven by the government, from 1960 to 1994; the second stage was liberalism, which emphasized autonomy, from 1995 to 2015; and the third stage was creativity for the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, from 2016 to the present. These results indicate that the education stages of nationalism and liberalism still exist in Korea and that past education methods, such as mass education, have not been replaced. The Fourth Industrial Revolution requires fusion and collaboration in the education sector, and a personalized learning system, which values individual talents, experiences and aptitudes, will expectedly be a crucial factor in determining the educational methods of Korea in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, as this research suggests. ; Obrazovne potrebe trebaju odražavati stvarnost društva, a obrazovne metode ići ukorak s vremenom. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja ispitati obrazovne metode u vremenu četvrte industrijske revolucije u obrazovnom sustavu Koreje. Uzorkom istraživanja obuhvaćen je korejski obrazovni sustav od 1960. do danas, u kontekstu četvrte industrijske revolucije. Za analizu uzorka korišteni su pregled literature i deskriptivni pristup. Rezultati pokazuju da se u obrazovnom sustavu Koreje od 1960. do danas mogu razlikovati tri stadija: prvi je nacionalizam, potaknut od strane vlade, od 1960. do 1994. godine; drugi je liberalizam, koji je naglašavao autonomiju, od 1995. do 2015. i treći, kreativnost tijekom četvrte industrijske revolucije, od 2016. do danas. Rezultati ovoga istraživanja pokazuju da su obrazovni stadiji nacionalizma i liberalizma još uvijek prisutni u Koreji i da obrazovne metode prošlosti, poput masovnoga obrazovanja, nisu prevladane. Četvrta industrijska revolucija zahtijeva stapanje i suradnju unutar obrazovnoga sektora, a očekuje se da personalizirani sustav učenja, koji vrednuje pojedinačne talente, iskustva i sklonosti, bude obrazovna metoda budućnosti korejskoga obrazovanja. Stoga, ovo istraživanje pokazuje da će personalizirani sustav učenja biti odlučujući čimbenik u određivanju obrazovnih metoda Koreje u periodu četvrte industrijske revolucije.

Stvaralaštvo se uvijek povezuje sa slobodnom ljudskom djelatnošću, s ljepotom, umjetnošću, ljudskom invencijom, itd. – ona je najčešće nešto prihvatljivo i dobro. Ali što se događa u vrijeme globalne manipulacije? Razvija li ovaj period nove tipove i forme stvaralaštva? Što će nam pokazati analiza rada globalne medijske manipulacije? Ideja članka je ukazati na tamnu stranu stvaralaštva u masovnim medijima. Masovni mediji smanjuju mogućnost kreativne aktivnosti u medijima dok istodobno razvijaju manipulativne oblike stvaralaštva. Ti oblici zahtijevaju da ih se ustanovi, objasni i komentira. ; Creativity is always associated with free human activity – with beauty, art, human inventions Most of the time it is something acceptable and good. But what happens in a time of global manipulation? Does the new time develop new types and forms of creativity? What will an analyses of global mass media manipulation performance reveal? The goal of the paper is to show a dark side of creativity in mass media. Mass media reduce the possibility of creative action in the media whilst they develop manipulative forms of creativity. These forms ought to be detected, explained, and commented. ; La créativité est toujours associée à l'activité libre de l'humain, à la beauté, à l'art, aux inventions humaines, etc. – elle est considérée la plupart du temps comme quelque chose d'acceptable et de bon. Or, que se passe-t-il en ces temps de manipulation globale ? Cette période développe-t-elle de nouveaux types et de nouvelles formes de créativité ? Que vont montrer les analyses sur les manipulations médiatiques auxquelles se sont livrés les acteurs mondiaux de l'univers des médias ? L'idée sous-jacente de cet article est de montrer le côté sombre de la créativité dans les médias de masse. Ces derniers réduisent la possibilité d'une action créative au sein des médias et développent en parallèle des formes manipulatoires concernant la créativité. Ces formes requièrent une identification, une explication et un commentaire. ; Die Kreativität wird stets mit der freien menschlichen Aktivität, mit der Schönheit, Kunst, den menschlichen Erfindungen usw. assoziiert – größtenteils mit etwas Akzeptablem und Gutem. Was geschieht aber in einer Zeit der globalen Manipulation? Entwickelt diese Periode neue Typen und Formen der Kreativität? Was werden uns die Analysen der Beobachtung der Medienmanipulation durch globale Spieler der Medienindustrie zeigen? Die Idee hinter dem Artikel ist es, die Schattenseiten der Kreativität in den Massenmedien aufzuzeigen. Die Massenmedien reduzieren die Möglichkeit des kreativen Handelns in den Medien. Zugleich entwickeln sie manipulative Formen der Kreativität. Diese Formen erfordern Feststellung, Erklärung und Kommentierung.

Različite su interpretacije govora mržnje. No, svaka od njih govor mržnje promišlja u kontekstu odnosa slobode govora i mogućih nesloboda uvjetovanih pravnim reguliranjem i sankcioniranjem. U ovom se radu želi krenuti od razmatranja mržnje same (dohvaćajući filozofijske dimenzije, društvene kontekste i političke doprinose u razvoju govora mržnje) te je na taj način promatrati u njezinim biološkim i kulturnim dimenzijama. Na konkretnim primjerima govora mržnje želi se pokazati isprepletenost biološkog i misaonog, kulturnog i tjelesnog te ideološkog i emotivnog. Analiza primjera govora mržnje, ostrašćenosti pojedinaca uronjenih u takvu vrstu psihološke i misaone nezrelosti, pokazuje važnost filozofijskih iskoraka u oskudnu stvarnost – iskoraka kojima je cilj o fenomenima davati filozofijski stav, ali i temeljne kriterije po kojima bi se orijentacijski mogla odrediti druga znanstvena istraživanja. ; Hate speech is interpreted in various ways. It is always analysed in the context of the relationship between freedom of speech and the possible lack of freedom caused by legal regulation and sanctioning of hate speech. In this paper we want to start from the consideration of hate itself (taking into account philosophical dimensions, social contexts and the contribution of politics to the development of hate speech) and in this way consider it in its biological and cultural dimensions. Using specific examples of hate speech, we aim to show the intertwining of the biological and the intellectual, the cultural and the physical, the ideological and the emotional. The analysis of some cases of hate speech and the passion of individuals involved in this psychological and intellectual immaturity makes clear how important it is for philosophy to lunge into this poor reality – steps taken to give philosophical views on these phenomena, but also basic criteria for possible orientation in other scientific research.

This paper aims at examining how democratization in post-uprising Egypt remains flawed and the reasons for this failure. As a background, democratization in post-Arab Spring Egypt has collapsed and it seems now merely an illusion. The situation worsened since Egypt's democratically elected President Morsi was expelled from office through a coup, following mass protests demanding Morsi's discharge. Egypt's democratization is hard to achieve due to the shadow of the Pharaoh in Egypt, that is, entrenched ruling elites; Egypt's democratization process can never succeed while Egypt's old ruling elites are reluctant to allow this to happen. ; This paper aims at examining how democratization in post-uprising Egypt remains flawed and the reasons for this failure. As a background, democratization in post-Arab Spring Egypt has collapsed and it seems now merely an illusion. The situation worsened since Egypt's democratically elected President Morsi was expelled from office through a coup, following mass protests demanding Morsi's discharge. Egypt's democratization is hard to achieve due to the shadow of the Pharaoh in Egypt, that is, entrenched ruling elites; Egypt's democratization process can never succeed while Egypt's old ruling elites are reluctant to allow this to happen.

S razvojem tehnologije i ulaskom u globalno doba dolazi do potrebe za izmjenama i unutar knjižnica kao stupova društva. Knjižnice su s izmjenama u informacijskoj, komunikacijskoj i prije svega u tehnološkoj sferi zahtijevale brzu prilagodbu novu načinu rada. Digitalizacija knjižnične građe koja se obrađuje u radu dugotrajan je i financijski i stručno zahtjevan proces koji treba doprinijeti poboljšanju rada knjižnica, pomoći korisnicima, poboljšati informacijsko opismenjavanje te potaknuti niz drugih čimbenika. Znanstvena zajednica, ali i šira društvena zajednica, s procesom digitalizacije imala bi veći pristup informacijama, a time i mogućnost usvajanja većega znanja. Da bismo govorili o procesu digitalizacije i njegovim prednostima, moramo prvo razlikovati pojmove poput digitalne knjižnice, hibridne knjižnice i elektroničke knjižnice, što ovaj rad i prikazuje. Bez potpora vlada, međunarodnih organizacija i raznih drugih pokrovitelja knjižnice ne mogu postati spoj kulture, obrazovanja, znanosti i cjelokupnoga razvoja. Kroz pregled povijesnoga nastanka i razvoja digitalnih knjižnica možemo uočiti da su najvećim dijelom digitalizirana djela prije 20. stoljeća, a jedan od uzroka tomu je autorsko pravo koje onemogućava digitalizaciju djela 20. i 21. stoljeća bez autorova pristanka. Rad navodi niz prednosti digitalizacije knjižnične građe od očuvanja intelektualnoga sadržaja, smanjivanja mehaničkoga oštećenja, uštede prostora, povećanja dostupnosti građe, učestalosti korištenja građe itd. Da bi se građa digitalizirala, autori prema nizu različitih stručnjaka navode koji su to elementi koje treba uzeti u obzir prilikom postupka digitalizacije. Djela siročad, djela bez autora, najveći su problem u procesu digitalizacije i procesu stvaranja digitalnih knjižnica. Direktiva koja je donesena na razini Europske unije vezana za ova djela još uvijek nije usvojena iako bi doprinijela postupku digitalizacije i dostupnosti takvih djela. Dio rada govori i o pojmu e-knjige, njezinu nastanku, definiranju, prednostima, ali i nedostatcima te formalnim i intelektualnim obilježjima e-knjige. Istraživački dio rada govori o trima velikim projektima digitalizacije na svjetskoj razini: o projektu Gutenberg, Million Book i Google Books. Kroz ove projekte započeo je velik projekt masovne digitalizacije knjižnične građe. Motiv ovih projekata bio je omogućavanje dostupnosti građe i informacija korisnicima. ; With the technological development and having entered the global age we are faced with a need to change the libraries too, libraries as the pillars of the society. Considering the changes in the information, communication and above all technological sphere there was a need for the libraries for a quick adjustment to the new ways of working. Digitalization of library archives, which is discussed in this paper, is a long and financially and professionally engaging process that is supposed to contribute to the efficiency of the libraries, help the users, advance information knowledge and prompt a number of other factors. Through the digitalization process the scientific community, as well as society as a whole, would have a larger information access, meaning possibility of acquiring more knowledge. In order to speak of the digitalization process and its advantages, we should first differenciate between the terms like digital library, hybrid library and electronic library, which this paper offers an overview of. Without the help of governments, international organizations and various other sponsors libraries cannot become an important factor in culture, education, science and overal development. Looking through the overview of historical development of the digital libraries, we can notice that it is mostly 20th ct. works that are digitalized. One of the reasons is the copyright that prevents digitalization of the 20th and 21st ct. works without the author's consent. The paper enumerates a number of advantages of the digitalization of library archives like intelectual content protection, smaller mechanical damages, space saving, larger access to the materials, frequency of usage of the archives,etc. According to a number of experts, the authors of this paper state the elements that should be taken into consideration in order to digitalize the archives. Orphan works, works without an author, are the largest problem in the digitalization process and the process of making digital libraries. A directive made at the level of EU is still not implemented although it would contribute to the digitalization process and availability of such works. A part of this paper is also about the term e-book, its etymology, definition, advantages and disadvantages, as well as about formal and intelectual properties of an e-book. The reseach part of the paper focuses onto three large digitalization processes in the world: Gutenberg project, Million Book and Google Books. These projects initiated the project of mass digitalization of the library archives. The motiv of these projects was to enable the users to have access to the archives and information.

Ovaj rad nudi interdisciplinarni pogled i promišljanje međusobnih veza i odnosa između glazbe, ljudskog života i svijeta. S namjerom da se predstave mogući načini definiranja glazbe, razmatraju se dva pristupa: »glazbanje« (»musicking«) i disjunktivna strategija razumijevanja glazbe, od kojih oba nude deskriptivni, no ne i vrednujući pogled. Nakon kratkog osvrta na glazbu kao sredstvo političke propagande ili sredstvo iz sfere masovne produkcije i konformizma, šire je predstavljeno drugo lice glazbe pomoću pojma »glazbe zajednice«, gdje težnja k nemogućem, kao bezuvjetna dobrodošlica, te beskonačna odgovornost prema drugome čine glazbu univerzalnom vježbom etičkih gestā, otvorenosti i prihvaćanja. ; This paper offers an interdisciplinary account and a reflection of the interconnections and relations among music, human life, and the world. With the intention to present the possible ways of defining music, two approaches are examined. These approaches are "musicking" and the disjunctive strategy of understanding music, both of which provide a descriptive and not an evaluative account. After a brief acknowledgement of music as a means for political propaganda, and as a means belonging to the sphere of mass production and conformism, the other side of music is to be presented mainly through the concept of "community music", where the unconditional welcome of striving towards the impossible and the infinite responsibility towards the other makes music universal exercise in ethical gestures, openness, and acceptance. ; Cet article propose une approche interdisciplinaire et une réflexion sur les interconnexions et les relations entre la musique, le monde humain et le monde. Dans l'intention de présenter les différentes manières possibles de définir la musique, deux approches seront examinées : l'activité musicale en tant que processus (« musicking ») et la stratégie disjonctive de compréhension de la musique. Ces deux approches privilégient l'explication descriptive et n'offrent pas de critères d'appréciations. Ainsi, après avoir brièvement déterminé la musique en tant que moyen politique de propagande ou en tant que sphère de production de masse et de conformisme, l'autre facette de la musique sera présentée plus largement à travers le concept de « musique communautaire », où l'aspiration vers l'impossible en tant qu'accueil inconditionnel et responsabilité infinie des uns envers les autres font de la musique une pratique universelle des gestes éthiques, d'ouverture et d'acceptation. ; Dieser Artikel bietet einen interdisziplinären Bericht und eine Kritik an der Verbundenheit und den Beziehungen zwischen musik, menschenleben und Welt. mit der Absicht, mögliche Wege der Definition von musik zu präsentieren, werden zwei Ansätze untersucht: das "musicking" (musikpraxis) und die disjunktive Strategie des musikverständnisses. Beide Ansätze bieten eine deskriptive und keine evaluative Sehweise. Nach einer kurzen Rückschau auf die musik als mittel der politischen Propaganda oder als mittel aus der Sphäre der massenproduktion und des Konformismus wurde die andere Seite der musik in einer umfassenderen Art und Weise durch den Begriff der "Gemeinschaftsmusik" präsentiert, wo das Streben nach dem Unmöglichen als bedingungsloses Willkommen und die unendliche Verantwortung gegenü ber dem anderen die musik zu einer universellen Übung der ethischen Gesten, Offenheit und Akzeptanz machen.

Sadržaj rada odnosi se na uvodni referat IAIE konferencije, koja je od 17. do 21. rujna 2013. godine održana u Zagrebu. Donosi kraći pregled interkulturalne tematike u području obrazovanja u Hrvatskoj u posljednjih pola stoljeća. Pritom se prije svega polazi od interkulturnog obrazovanja što se u svojim začecima javilo u Hrvatskoj sedamdesetih godina prošloga stoljeća s masovnim ekonomskim migracijama tzv. radnika na privremenom radu u inozemstvu, na prostorima bivše Jugoslavije, kojoj je pripadala i Hrvatska. Obrazovanje djece radnika migranata predstavljalo je tada velik problem kako za zemlje porijekla, tako i zemlje prijema. Zatim se daje pogled stručnog i znanstvenog istraživanja ove teme kroz uključivanje ustanova, timova i pojedinaca u izučavanje interkulturnog obrazovanja na sasvim drugačiji, nego dotadašnji, mahom politički, način. Nekoliko znanstvenih projekata hrvatskih sociologa i pedagoga osobito su pridonijeli rasvjetljavanju ove problematike u Hrvatskoj. Naravno da se tretman interkulturalizma ne gleda isključivo kroz migrantsku prizmu, nego općekulturnu i pedagošku problematiku uređenja, inoviranja i unapređenja školskoga sustava u Hrvatskoj. Takvo zadržavanje interkulturalizam na "domaćem prostoru" daje mu sasvim novu dimenziju i ulazi u nacionalni kurikulum obrazovanja u Hrvatskoj kao inovativni iskorak prema Europi i svijetu. ; The content of the work refers to the introductory paper IAIE conference, which is 17 to 21 September 2013, was held in Zagreb. Presents a brief overview of intercultural topics in the feld of education in Croatia in the last half century. Te frst and foremost is based on intercultural education which is in its infancy occurred in Croatia in the seventies with the mass economic migration so. Workers on temporary work abroad, in the former Yugoslavia, which belonged to Croatia. Education of children of migrant workers constitute such a big problem for the country of origin and the receiving country. Ten he gives a view of professional and scientifc research of this topic through the involvement of institutions, teams and individuals in the study of intercultural education in a different, but until then, mostly political, way. Several research projects Croatian sociologist and educator in particular have contributed to solving the problems of Croatia. Of course the treatment of inter-culturalism is not looking solely through the prism of the migrant, but general community and educational issues of planning, innovation and improvement of the school system in Croatia. Such retention of interculturalism on the "home area" gives it a whole new dimension and enters the national curriculum of education in Croatia as an innovative step forward toward Europe and the world. ; Der Inhalt der Arbeit bezieht sich auf die Einführungspapier IAIE Konferenz, die 17 bis 21 September 2013 wurde in Zagreb statt. Präsentiert einen kurzen Überblick über interkulturelle Temen im Bereich der Bildung in der letzten halben Jahrhundert in Kroatien. Die erste und wichtigste ist auf interkulturelle Bildung basiert, die in ihrer Kindheit so in Kroatien in den siebziger Jahren mit der Masse der Wirtschafsmigration aufgetreten. Die Arbeiter auf der Zeitarbeit im Ausland, im ehemaligen Jugoslawien, die nach Kroatien gehörte. Bildung der Kinder von Wanderarbeitern bilden so ein großes Problem für das Herkunfsland und Aufnahmeland. Dann gibt er einen Ausblick auf berufliche und wissenschafliche Forschung zu diesem Tema durch die Einbeziehung von Institutionen, Teams und Einzelpersonen in der Studie der interkulturellen Bildung in einem anderen, aber bis dahin, vor allem politische, Art und Weise. Mehrere Forschungsprojekte kroatische Soziologe und Pädagoge haben insbesondere auf die Lösung der Probleme von Kroatien beigetragen. Natürlich ist die Behandlung von Interkulturalität sucht nicht nur durch das Prisma des Migranten, sondern allgemeine Gemeinschaf und pädagogische Fragen der Planung, Innovation und Verbesserung des Schulsystems in Kroatien. Eine solche Speicherung von Interkulturalismus auf der "Heimat" gibt es eine ganz neue Dimension und in den nationalen Lehrplan der Ausbildung in Kroatien als innovativer Schritt nach vorn in Richtung Europa und der Welt.

Ovaj članak nastoji prikazati na istraživanju utemeljeno razumijevanje uloge medija u tranzicijskim zemljama. Naše se istraživanje fokusira na procese političke socijalizacije, na političko ponašanje i vjerodostojnost te daje primjere iz triju regija: središnje i istočne Europe, Latinske Amerike te Bliskog istoka i sjeverne Afrike. Pozornost smo skrenuli na neke od glavnih radova relevantnih za studije masovnih medija u tranzicijskom kontekstu s ciljem uvida u važne teorije dostupne u studijama o medijima i demokratizaciji. Svjesni ograničenja koja postavlja priroda i opseg uzorka pregledanih studija, identificirali smo i raspravili neke od potencijalnih ključnih prepreka razvoju teorije o političkoj socijalizaciji, političkom ponašanju i vjerodostojnosti u navedenim područjima te predložili alternativne pristupe u istraživanju. ; This article seeks to compile an empirically-based understanding of the role of media in countries in transition. The study focuses on the processes of political socialization, behaviour and accountability, and gives examples from three regions: Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East/North Africa region. We draw on some of the major works relevant to the study of mass media in these transitional contexts with the aim of discerning emergent theories available to the study of media and democratisation. While aware of the limitations posed by the nature and scope of the sample of the studies reviewed, we do identify and discuss some of the potentially key obstacles to theory-building and propose some alternative paths of enquiry.

Namjera ovoga priloga je prikazati kako i zašto su tekle promjene u vlastima Nezavisne Države Hrvatske (NDH) u Banja Luci tijekom 1941. i 1942., a dijelom i 1943. godine. Time mislim na različite osobe koje su kao dužnosnici NDH u Banja Luci obnašale vlast. Na promjene kod tih dužnosnika utjecao je odnos vlasti NDH, odnosno ustaškog pokreta prema bosanskohercegovačkim muslimanima, koje su oni smatrali sastavnim dijelom hrvatske nacije. Također je na te promjene utjecala i politika NDH prema srpskom stanovništvu, odnosno državni teror koji je NDH, nakon proglašenja, pokrenula prema njemu, a zatim ustanak tog stanovništva protiv NDH, što je njezine vlasti prisiljavalo na promjene prethodnih postupaka. ; The article presents the personal changes within the authorities of the Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH) in the town of Banja Luka in north-western Bosnia. After the Axis attack on Kingdom of Yugoslavia in April 1941 and the proclamation of NDH ruled by Ustasha movement, whole of Bosnia-Herzegovina was incorporated into its territory. Banja Luka was an important centre in north-western Bosnia. The majority of population in that part of Bosnia was made up of Orthodox Serbs, while the rest were Catholic Croats and Moslems. Immediately after the establishment of NDH authority in Banja Luka the main role was played by Viktor Gutić, a pre-war lawyer. Gutić became the head of the ruling Ustasha movement in Banja Luka and north-western Bosnia, but he was also the head of the civilian administration. New Ustasha regime immediately began with policies directed against the Serbs, ranging from abolishment of their national and religious identity to forced resettlements of certain parts of Serbs to Serbia. The new regime also committed mass killings of parts of Serb population. As a strongman in Banja Luka, Gutić distinguished himself in implementation of such policies. But in July of 1941 mass uprising of Serbs broke out in north-western Bosnia and it soon brought NDH authorities in a difficult situation. The uprising would gradually develop into two mutually opposed movements, the Partisans led by Communist Party of Yugoslavia and the royalist Chetnik movement. With the challenge put by mass uprising of Serbs, NDH authorities gradually realized that the arbitrary violence against Serbs, that went even beyond the official anti-Serb measures, backfired. Therefore, NDH introduced certain measures aimed at de-escalation of violence and peaceful efforts to dissuade Serbs from rebellion. This was best seen in the activities of the Committee for the examination and establishment of public safety and order that was established in Banja Luka in late 1941. The committee was headed by Croatian air-force colonel Ivan Mrak and its duty, among others, was to investigate and punish those who committed atrocities against the Serb population, while simultaneously calling Serbs who have rebelled to return to their homes, guaranteeing them safety. In August of 1941 Viktor Gutić was recalled from his duty in Banja Luka. He formally became a high official in the Ministry of internal affairs, but in fact he was stripped of real authority and removed from Banja Luka. Position of Moslem community in Banja Luka and north-western Bosnia was also of great importance. According to the Ustasha ideology, Moslems of Bosnia-Herzegovina were integral and equal part of the Croatian nation. Therefore, for Ante Pavelić, as head of NDH and Ustasha movement, it was of crucial importance to gain the support of the Moslems. Before the proclamation of NDH the Ustasha movement had a certain number of Moslem supporters. But after Ustasha came to power, Pavelić realized that he needs the support of those Moslem politicians who headed former Yugoslav Moslem Organization, the strongest political party of the Moslem community in Bosnia-Herzegovina during the period of Kingdom of Yugoslavia. For these reasons Džafer Kulenović, distinguished representative of the Yugoslav Moslem Organization, became the vice-president of Government of NDH. Contrary to such general policy, Viktor Gutić, while he was in power in Banja Luka, led sectarian policies that caused the discontent of the Moslem community. But Moslem representatives from Banja Luka, counting on Moslem members of the NDH government, could influence the decision making in Zagreb and were able to counter Gutić's policies. Although Gutić was removed from Banja Luka he still had supporters there, among others in the hierarchy of the Catholic church. Therefore, conflict between Gutić's group and the Moslems continued. Ultimately in summer of 1942. Ante Pavelić appointed Dragan Hadrović as a head of Great County of Sana-Luka in Banja Luka. Hadrović was a Catholic, but with the obvious support of Pavelić and Moslem members of NDH government he began leading a pro-Moslem policy, entering into a conflict with Gutić and his supporters. In a wider sense Hadrović was leading a policy of moderation, opposed to the various excesses of certain other institutions of NDH and representatives of the Ustasha movement. With such policies Hadrović soon gathered enemies within the NDH structures and was also in conflict with the Catholic bishop in Banja Luka, Jozo Garić. Finally, in July of 1943 Hadrović was assassinated by a bomb planted in a postal parcel. It was never officially established who assassinated him, but all sources suggest that the bomb was planted by certain elements within the Ustasha movement who opposed Hadrović's policies. The article follows these events through all important changes and developments within the NDH administration in Banja Luka. Ultimately it can be concluded that NDH regime itself was heterogeneous, with various splits within its ranks. These splits occurred between Catholic and Moslems as well as between those who, according to the changing circumstances, opted and called for more moderate policies, while other remained sectarian and prone to uncompromising and/or violent solutions.

Tema diplomskog rada je politika SAD-a prema ilegalnim migrantima iz Latinske Amerike. Promatrano je razdoblje nakon Drugog svjetskog rata kada je krenuo masovni priljev emigranata iz Latinske Amerike u Sjedinjene Američke Države. Tada imigracijska politika prema ilegalnim imigrantima postaje jedna od prioritetnih politika Sjedinjenih Američkih Država. U promatranom razdoblju daje se prikaz imigracijske politike američkih predsjednika, počevši sa Zakonom o reformi i kontroli imigracije (Immigration Reform and Control Act-IRCA) predsjednika Ronalda Reagana (1981. - 1989.). Vrata ilegalnoj imigraciji iz Latinske Amerike pokušao je zatvoriti predsjednik Bill Clinton (1993. - 2001.) Zakonom o reformi ilegalne imigracije i imigrantskoj odgovornosti (Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigration Responsibility Act-IIRIA), dok je namjere predsjednika Georgea W. Busha (2001. - 2009.) spriječio teroristički napad na Sjedinjene Američke Države 11.9.2001 godine. Njegov nasljednik predsjednik Barack Obama (2009. - 2017.) iskoristio je svoje predsjedničke ovlasti i autorizirao provođenje programa DACA (Deffered Action for Childhood Arrivals) i DAPA (Deffered Action for Parents of Americans) koji su pogodovali djeci ilegalnih imigranta, uz istovremeno provođenje brojnih uhićenja i deportacija ilegalnih imigranata. Rad završava prikazom dosadašnje politike predsjednika Donalda Trumpa koji ilegalne imigrante smatra prijetnjom nacionalnoj sigurnosti Sjedinjenih Američkih Država. ; The subject of the graduate thesis is policy of the USA towards illegal migrants from Latin America. Observed period is the period after World War II, starting with the mass flow of emigrants from the Latin America to the United States of America. This is the period when immigration policy of the United States towards illegal immigrants became one of the priorities of the United States. Presented are american president's immigration policies, beginning with the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) presented by the president Ronald Reagan (1981. – ...

Regulacija ili samoregulacija internetskih medija jedna je od ključnih dilema za suvremene digitalne medije i njihovu politiku djelovanja. To uključuje nove digitalno posredovane gatekeepere kao što su društveni mediji. Privatna pravila posrednika, poput "uvjeta korištenja" i politike sadržaja, u velikoj mjeri definiraju njihovo funkcioniranje i mogu se smatrati samoregulativnim mehanizmom. Internetski se posrednici sve više pozivaju da se uključe u izradu pravila korištenja i donošenje odluka o sadržaju. U ovom radu autori se fokusiraju na Twitter kao na jedan od najvećih i najznačajnijih internetskih izvora vijesti. Uvjeti korištenja i ostali dokumenti Twittera analiziraju se kao alati samoregulacije i kao kontekst unutar kojeg individualni korisnici i masovni mediji funkcioniraju, odnosno moraju funkcionirati u suvremenom digitalnom okruženju. Autori također promatraju kako je Twitter primijenio taj samoregulativni okvir u dva važna slučaja. ; The regulation or self-regulation of online media is one of the key dilemmas of contemporary digital media and policy environment. This includes the new digital intermediary gatekeepers such as social media. The private rules of intermediaries, such as their 'terms of service' and content policies, importantly define their functioning and are sometimes thought of as self-regulatory mechanisms. Online intermediaries are increasingly being called upon to engage in codes of conduct or decisions about content. We focus on Twitter as one of the largest and most relevant new gatekeepers because of its use as source of news. The terms and other documents of Twitter are analysed as tools of self-regulation, and as the context within which the individual users and mass media (must) function in today's digital environment. We also look at how Twitter has applied this framework in two high profile cases.

U Istru, kao dijelu austrijskoga pravnog sustava, porotno je suđenje uvedeno revolucionarne 1848. i to najprije samo za tiskovne delikte, u sklopu težnji za slobodom misli i izražavanja putem tiska, koji je predstavljao najprikladniji medij za širenje novih ideja i mobilizaciju političkih masa. Porotnim suđenjem htjelo se osigurati nepristrano i objektivno suđenje, koje se zbog nedostatnih jamstava sudačke neovisnosti nije moglo očekivati od profesionalnih sudaca. U radu se razmatraju tiskovne naredbe i zakoni doneseni tijekom 1848. i 1849. godine, kojima su regulirani sloboda tiska i porotna sudbenost. Na temelju analize zakonodavnog okvira, sudske prakse i istarskog novinstva u promatranom razdoblju, autorica je utvrdila kako uvođenje slobode tiska i porotnog suđenja za tiskovne delikte 1848./1849. za područje Istre nije imalo preveliko praktično značenje. ; In Istria, as a part of the Austrian legal system, jury trial was initially introduced in the revolutionary year of 1848 only for press offenses, in the framework of aspirations for freedom of thought and expression through the press, which represented the most appropriate medium for the dissemination of new ideas and mobilization of the political masses. Trial by jury was supposed to secure impartial and objective trials, which could not be expected of professional judges due to insufficient guarantees of their impartiality. This paper examines the press-related orders and laws passed during 1848 and 1849 which regulated the freedom of press and jury jurisdiction. On the basis of an analysis of the legislative framework, jurisprudence, and the Istrian press during the examined time period, the author has decided that the introduction of the freedom of the press and jury trials for press offenses in 1848/1849 on the territory of Istria didn't have a large practical significance.