Anaemia has long been recognized as an important public health problem in Mauritius and has been variously attributed to hookworm infection, malnutrition and malaria. Investigations carried out in recent years by the World Health Organization at the request of the Government of Mauritius—and reported in this article—have shown that the anaemia is mainly hypochromic and microcytic and that it responds readily to treatment with oral iron in small doses. Feeding trials have provided evidence that enrichment with iron of the national diet would be an effective public health measure against the anaemia.
The democratic institutions, especially the electoral institutions for converting votes into seats that were chosen during independence negotiations, have been the key to democratic stability in Mauritius. These institutions emerged out of strategic bargaining structured around a combination of contextual and contingent variables. Conflicting political interests reflecting a combination of class, sectarian and communal interests influenced the institutional preferences of Mauritian elites involved in independence negotiations, leading them to converge on institutional designs that they expected would protect and promote those interests in the new democratic polity. Once in place, the new institutions represented equilibrium outcomes, creating incentives for all actors, engendering a learning curve in peaceful accommodation of inter-group conflicts, and establishing the political basis for social stability, democratic consolidation, and economic development.
The article interprets the novel There is a Tide by Lindsey Collen against the background of her article "Another Side of Paradise" and in the perspective of the political history of Mauritius. Both in the article and in the novel the central image is that of Mauritius as a paradise island, There is a Tide evoking the edenic imagery of Bernardin de Saint-Pierres's novel Paul and Virginia. In Saint-Pierre's utopian society there are neither ethnic nor class antagonisms. The idea of Mauritius as a Paradise island, where neither class nor ethnic struggles disrupt the ideal harmony, is questioned by Lindsey Collen. Mauritius, as it is presented to the reader of There is a Tide, turns out to be a place where people are divided along ethnic lines and along class lines, both divisions making the image of the island state in Collen's novel contradict the view of Mauritius presented in de Saint-Pierre's Paul and Virginia.
Mauritius has been a success story since independence, moving from low income to uppermiddle-income status. Close public-private partnerships facilitated private sector-led growth in astable macroeconomic and institutional environment. The government implemented an activeindustrial policy to support private sector competitiveness while exploiting global trade nichescreated by preferential access arrangements. As a result, savings were high and reinvested indiversifying the economy. Starting as a mono-cropped, inward-looking economy, Mauritiusmoved toward an export oriented and diversified economy producing textiles, tourism, financialand ICT services. Mauritius is now at a crossroads. On the one hand, it can pursue a path where reinvigorated public investment boosts economic growth and reinforced public assistance enhancesredistribution. On the other hand, it can select a path where private sector identifies constraintsfor growth and the public sector is the enabling agent that removes them, ensuring that proceedsare adequately shared by targeted assistance and improved service delivery. The Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) is intended to assess the priorities of Mauritius to accelerate sustainable economic growth while improving the welfare of the less well off. The SCD aims to understand why income growth among the bottom 40 percent of the population has been low relative to the average income. The SCD also addresses how the rate and structure of aggregate growth can be improved to accelerate income growth among the bottom 40 percent of the population, as well as ensure that overall growth is sustainable.
Doing business 2020 is the 17th in a series of annual studies investigating the regulations that enhance business activity and those that constrain it. Doing business presents quantitative indicators on business regulations and the protection of property rights that can be compared across 190 economies - from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe - and over time. Regulations affecting 12 areas of the life of a business are covered: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency, employing workers, and contracting with the government. The employing workers and contracting with the government indicator sets are not included in this year's ranking on the ease of doing business. Data in doing business 2020 are current as of May 1, 2019. The indicators are used to analyze economic outcomes and identify what reforms of business regulation have worked, where, and why. This economy profile presents indicators for Mauritius; for 2020, Mauritius ranks 13.
Population dynamics influencing development were being analysed through the lens of an increasing fertility rate, or at least a fertility rate higher than replacement level. Mauritius is in a post-demographic phase and is presenting a different context compared to most other countries of the region. After facing the risk of a population explosion which was likely to lead to a social crisis in the 1960s and 1970s, Mauritius is now facing the threats caused by a fertility rate below replacement level and a rapidly ageing population. Just as the upward population growth was a source of concern in the 1950s and 1960s, so is the reversing trend to-day. Government and the major actors in the economic sector are viewing the fall in the fertility rate as dramatic with possible adverse effects on the country's future. Population policies which have, up to now, consisted essentially of strategies to curb population growth are no longer applicable, especially if the objective of any intended policy is to focus on a fertility increase.
The table contains over 30 health-related legislations for Mauritius and the key function of each.The source is: Republic of Mauritius. Government website. Port Louis: Attorney General's Office, Ministry of Justice, Human Rights and Institutional Reforms; 2019. (Accessed 27 August 2019). URL: http://attorneygeneral.govmu.org/English/LawsofMauritius/Pages/A-Z-Acts.aspx
The Country Opinion Survey in Mauritius assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in Mauritius perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Mauritius on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Mauritius; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Mauritius; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Mauritius; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Mauritius.
Zusammenfassung: Im Zentrum der Dissertation steht die ökonomische und gesellschaftliche Diversifizierung von staatlich unabhängigen insularen Räumen, die besondere Potentiale und Nutzungsmuster für den organisierten Tourismus aufweisen. Die Notwendigkeit, ökonomische und gesellschaftliche Strukturen zu diversifizieren sowie zu modernisieren, wird anhand von Fallstudien verdeutlicht. Die Auswirkungen der Diversifizierungs-prozesse auf limitierte insulare Räume stehen dabei im Vordergrund. Sie dokumentieren die Ausnahmestellung dieser Räume im internationalen Wettbewerb, Bindungen von Investitionen zu gewährleisten und langfristige gesellschaftliche Erneuerung zu ermöglichen. Das Ziel der Studie ist es, ein raum - zeitliches Entwicklungsmodell zu entwerfen, das die Möglichkeiten unabhängiger insularer Räume verdeutlicht, ihre räumlichen Potentiale optimal einzusetzen, um gesellschaftlichen wie ökonomischen Fortschritt kontinuierlich zu gewährleisten. Im ersten Teil der Studie wird eine Systematisierung erstellt, die die verschiedenen Formen des Tourismus auf Inseln darstellt und speziellen Raumtypen von Tourismusinseln zuordnet. Diese Systematisierung erklärt und stützt die Auswahl der gewählten Fallbeispiele. Die gewählten Einzelstudien Mauritius und Malta verdeutlichen die Möglichkeiten, die postkoloniale insulare Räume besitzen, ihre Ökonomie und Gesellschaft zu diversifizieren. Im Vordergrund steht ihr unterschiedliches Potential für die Tourismusindustrie, die beide Inselstaaten seit ihrer Unabhängigkeit prägt. Auffallend sind der gemeinsame Wille und die Fähigkeit demokratische Strukturen zu festigen und Reformprozesse durchzusetzen: a) Mauritius verdeutlicht die Möglichkeiten eines ehemaligen Entwicklungs-landes, Strukturen einer international angesehenen Destination des Ferntourismus mit ökonomischem und gesellschaftlichem Aufbruch zu verbinden. Ein wichtiges Kriterium sind feste staatliche wie planerische Vorgaben, um Modernisierung zu ermöglichen wie voranzutreiben. Dabei stehen insbesondere die infrastrukturelle und bildungspolitische Weiter-entwicklung im Vordergrund. b) Malta kann saisonal wie inhaltlich einschränkenden Massentourismus sukzessive ablegen, der die Insel seit der Unabhängigkeit überprägt hat. Es unterscheidet sich in seinem Modernisierungsprozess und der dadurch hervorgerufenen regionalen Entwicklung deutlich von anderen Regionen im Mittelmeerraum. Die innere Diversifizierung des Tourismussektors wird durch die parallele Wertschöpfung ökonomischer wie sozialer Potentiale begleitet, die gegenwärtig noch nicht abgeschlossen ist. Der Beitritt zur EU 2004 unterstützt die eingeleiteten Modernisierungsmaßnahmen und verstärkt den Druck auf die beteiligten gesellschaftlichen Gruppen. Beide Fallstudien verdeutlichen die Strukturen einer langfristig angelegten ökonomischen Diversifizierung und gesellschaftlichen Modernisierung von räumlich limitierten Inselstaaten. Dabei bahnt sich im Rahmen einer fort-schreitenden innovativen Raumordnung eine Nutzungsoptimierung der insularen Räume an. Die Einzelstudien ermöglichen eine Einschätzung und Bewertung der beteiligten Akteure, ihrer Maßnahmen und der raumrelevanten Folgen, um die Chancen limitierter insularer Räume zu evaluieren, eine ökonomische und gesellschaftliche Diversifizierung zu ermöglichen.
Doing business sheds light on how easy or difficult it is for a local entrepreneur to open and run a small to medium-size business when complying with relevant regulations. It measures and tracks changes in regulations affecting 10 areas in the life cycle of a business: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts and resolving insolvency. In a series of annual reports doing business presents quantitative indicators on business regulations and the protection of property rights that can be compared across 183 economies, from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, over time. This economy profile presents the doing business indicators for Mauritius. To allow useful comparison, it also provides data for other selected economies (comparator economies) for each indicator. The data in this report are current as of June 1, 2011 (except for the paying taxes indicators, which cover the period January-December 2010).
Das schwarze Inkarnat der Statue des Heiligen Mauritius im Magdeburger Dom (1245/1250), der ältesten Darstellung eines schwarzen Heiligen im lateinischen Christentum, konnte von der Forschung bislang nicht endgültig geklärt werden. Zur Erklärung vorgebracht wurden Friedrich II. als Initiator (Devisse); Missionsbemühungen des Erzbistums Magdeburg im Baltikum (Suckale-Redlfesen) sowie die intendierte Individualisierung des Heiligen über die Hautfarbe (Brandl); in Anbetracht der gut hundertjährigen ikonographischen Lücke konnte keine der Ansätze überzeugen. Auf Basis einer Verbindung von kunstgeschichtlicher und geschichtswissenschaftlicher Herangehensweise formuliert die Arbeit vor dem methodischen Hintergrund des material turn die These der inszenierten Treue zu Friedrich II. durch den Magdeburger Erzbischof, Wilbrand von Käfernburg (1235-1252), dessen Diözese in den 1240er Jahren von mehreren Seiten unter Druck geraten war. Die Argumentation stützt sich auf die Untersuchung der Statue als Einzelobjekt (Kapitel 1), eine Geschichte der Mauritiusverehrung im Früh- und Hochmittelalter (Kapitel 2), Vorstellungen und ikonographische Traditionen der Abbildung von schwarzen Menschen im Hochmittelalter (Kapitel 3) sowie die Situation des Erzbistums Magdeburg im 13. Jahrhundert, insbesondere die Position des Magdeburger Metropoliten während des Konflikts zwischen Innozenz IV. und Friedrich II. (Kapitel 4). ; The skin tone of the statue of Saint Maurice in the Magdeburg Cathedral (1245/1250), often described as the oldest depiction of a black saint in western Christianity, has not yet been explained convincingly. Devisse suggested Emperor Fredrick II as initiator; Suckale-Redlefsen read the statue in the missionary context, while Brandl offered an intended iconographic individualisation of the saint as explanation. However, none of these papers could explain why it took 100 years until Maurice was depicted black again. In this study, the figure is examined from the point of view of the material turn, and interpreted as pointed loyalty to the Emperor by the archbishop of Magdeburg, Wilbrand of Käfernburg (1235-1252) whose diocese was put under under pressure by the archbishop of Mainz and local clerics. This thesis consists out of a study of the statue as an individual object (chapter 1), a history of the veneration of the saint in the Early and High Middle Ages (chapter 2), an overview of the perception and iconographic depiction of black people in the High Middle Ages (chapter 3) as well as an investigation of the local politics of the Magdeburg diocese in the 1240s (chapter 4). ; vorgelegt von Lorenz Bogdanovics ; Zusammenfassungen (2 Blätter) ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Diplomarbeit, 2019 ; (VLID)3853622
International audience ; This paper describes the terms of ethnicity, race and nationality and applies them to the Mauritian context. As a small multi racial island economy, government policies to manage the economy have been important in ensuing peace between the different communities while leaving the economy open for the development of a vibrant private sector. Important factors which have contributed to this development have been highlighted. ; Cet article définit les termes d'ethnicité, race et nationalité dans le contexte mauricien. Comme Maurice est un petit état insulaire et a une économie vulnérable, le gouvernement essaie de garder la paix entre les communautés sans freiner le développement du secteur privé. Les facteurs qui ont aidé ce développement sont décrits dans cette contribution.
International audience ; This paper describes the terms of ethnicity, race and nationality and applies them to the Mauritian context. As a small multi racial island economy, government policies to manage the economy have been important in ensuing peace between the different communities while leaving the economy open for the development of a vibrant private sector. Important factors which have contributed to this development have been highlighted. ; Cet article définit les termes d'ethnicité, race et nationalité dans le contexte mauricien. Comme Maurice est un petit état insulaire et a une économie vulnérable, le gouvernement essaie de garder la paix entre les communautés sans freiner le développement du secteur privé. Les facteurs qui ont aidé ce développement sont décrits dans cette contribution.
The Country Opinion Survey in Mauritius assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in Mauritius perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Mauritius on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Mauritius; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Mauritius; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Mauritius; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Mauritius.
Multiculturalism as an ideology to manage culturally diverse societies argues that when cultural group distinctiveness is valued and promoted, positive intergroup relations would ensue (e.g. Modood, 2007; Parekh, 2001). Social psychological research has mainly looked at multiculturalism in terms of its endorsement by majority and minority group members and its implications for intergroup relations and acculturation processes. However, multiculturalism is not only about the maintenance of ethnic identities and cultures but also about the full participation of all ethno-cultural groups in society. This means that (i) individuals have to make sense of how their collective identities (e.g. ethnic, religious, national) come together and (ii) politically, multicultural societies are about equitable participation and hence inclusion, decision-making and power. The dissertation attempted to contribute to the social psychological literature on multiculturalism by looking at intergroup evaluations and also examine multiple identifications and the evaluations of (group) decision-making. The social identity approach provided the main theoretical framework from which to derive predictions. The studies were carried out in an under-researched social context of the nation as a 'fruit salad' (i.e. Mauritius) where multiculturalism is the predominant ideology. Mauritius is often considered as a successful polyethnic society (Eriksen, 2004). Survey data was collected among adolescent participants (age range 11 years to 19 years) of the three main ethnic groups, i.e. Hindus (n = 844), Muslims (n = 630) and Creoles (n = 310). Although the socio-historical context of Mauritius is specific, it provided a real-life equivalence to the theoretical understanding of multiculturalism. The results are thus revealing of the forms that intergroup relations can take when multiculturalism is relatively uncontested. It was found that majority and minority adolescents' attitudes and views on the different measures were functionally similar: ...
