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Introduction. This article explains the peculiarities of the content constructing of the political media discourse of the Russian Internet resource sputniknews.com for September 2016, represented by English-language political media texts about events in Ukraine.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to disclose peculiarities of the content constructing of the political media discourse in question via the analysis of the cognitive plane of its objectification.Results. The article holds that the political media discourse is a complex phenomenon that has three planes of its objectification: cognitive, pragmatic, and communicative (linguistic). The analysis of its cognitive plane accomplished as the analysis of the content of its political media texts enables to disclose peculiarities of their content constructing. The article proves that this constructing is typically based on a purposeful manipulation of information on behalf of the message author (sender). It is done in different ways and by various means – by faking facts, by their partial distortion, by a shift within the concept semantic field, by the concept simplification, and by stereotyping. The very form of facts presentation also contributes to information distortion – it can be statement, repetition, fragmentation, breaking news, sensation, and non-alternativity (of information source or of view point). Such а content constructing, typical of the analyzed political media texts, enables the message author (sender) to present concrete facts, political events and the very social reality in the right light, suggesting or imposing on the message recipient a certain (necessary) understanding of what is perceived.Originality. Originality of this article is provided by a complex approach to the analysis of the political media discourse. The article contributes to the discourse analysis, in particular to the studies of its cognitive and linguistic-cognitive characteristics.The perspective of the problem under discussion can be seen in the analysis of interrelated pragmatic and communicative (linguistic) planes of the political media discourse objectification.Conclusion. Thus, according to the obtained data, the content constructing of English-language political media texts about events in Ukraine, which represent the political media discourse of the Russian Internet resource sputniknews.com for September 2016, is typically based on manipulation of information. Accomplished by the message author (sender) in different ways and by various means, manipulation of information results in various interpretations of concrete facts, political events and social reality with the purpose to suggest or impose on the message recipient a certain (necessary) understanding, which is, in fact, a manipulative impact on public consciousness.

Technological innovations, expansion of global media empires, an explosion of new media, and the unrestricted commercial targeting of children have all contributed to an environment where today's youth are growing up in a mediated world far different than any previous generation. While technological advancements have created new possibilities for the free flow of information, social networking and global activism, there is also the potential for corporations and governments to increase their control over media, restrict the flow of information, and appropriate these new tools for profit and control at the expense of free expression and democracy. In the second half of the XX century the media educational paradigm was strengthened in scientific discourse. It includes a set of values, methods, technical means, aimed at the formation of personality, able to adapt to the information society and to carry out a number of essential functions. Information and communication space of culture media is differently oriented to the discourses that influence the value system and concept of socio-cultural space. Therefore, in different countries there are different approaches to media culture and media education. This article analyzes the theoretical approaches to media education. The author analyzes the problem of the genesis of the basic theoretical concepts of media education in terms of goals, objectives, content components. Media education is the process through which individuals become media literate – able to critically understand the nature, techniques and impacts of media messages and productions. Media education is actively focused on the instructional methods and pedagogy of media literacy, integrating theoretical and critical frameworks rising from constructivist learning theory, media studies and cultural studies scholarship. The basic theories of media education are analyzed in this article: Semiotic Approach, Ideological Approach, Media as Popular Arts Approach, Practical Approach, Uses and Gratifications Approach, Protectionist Approach, Ethic Approach, Critical Thinking approach, Social and Cultural Approach, Media-didactic Approach. The abundance of theories suggests that almost of all media education concepts have practical approaches which balance media educational process. ; У науковому дискурсі другої половини XX століття зміцнилася медіаосвітня парадигма, що включає сукупність цінностей, методів, технічних засобів, спрямованих на формування особистості, здатної адаптуватися в інформаційному суспільстві й виконувати низку необхідних функцій. Стаття присвячена аналізу теоретичних підходів до медіаосвіти. Авторкою аналізуються проблеми генезису основних теоретичних медіаосвітніх концепцій із точки зору цілей, завдань, змістовних компонентів. Проаналізовано такі основні теорії медіаосвіти, як ін'єкційна, семіотична, культурологічна, практична, критична, естетична, соціокультурна, теологічна.

Introduction. This article gives reasons for recognizing the political media discourse a separate discourse type and it also examines linguistic realization of a manipulative function within the political media discourse. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to expose an integrative and complex nature of the political media discourse as a separate discourse type and to identify specificities of linguistic means used within it to exert a manipulative impact on the recipient. Results. The article holds that the political media discourse is a separate discourse type that, similar to any other type of the discourse, is a unity of the process and its result. Integrating typical features of the political and media discourses, it possesses a number of its own specific functional features, the main of which is instrumentality. Instrumentality is immediately connected with anguage – the main means (an instrument) of communication, which explains its paramount significance for formation of political media texts. Linguistic realization of the instrumental function molds in the receiver this or that emotional mood, thus affecting his/her train of thoughts in the way intended by the text producer. If such an impact on the receiver's mind is intentionally covert, it is qualified as manipulative, characteristic of political media texts. A manipulative impact is achieved by the use of pronouns: the personal pronouns "you","we", "they", when realizing their meaning of inclusiveness, create an illusion of positive and objective information; the personal pronouns "we" and "you", when realizing their meaning of generalization, create an illusion of a unified and commonly accepted opinion. A manipulative impact is also achieved by the use of rhetoric questions, declarative sentences used instead of interrogative ones, by the use of different kinds of repetition, by polysyndeton, parcelation, etc. A manipulative impact is a pragmatic effect of the political media text, which results employment of concrete communicative strategies embodied in different nominative, axiological, and rhetoric linguistic means. It is also done by a particular composition of the political media text. Originality. Originality of this article is provided by a complex approach to the analysis of the discourse. The article substantiates the necessity of recognition the political media discourse a separate discourse type and contributes to the discourse analysis, in particular to the studies of its cognitive and pragmatic characteristics. The perspective of the problem under discussion can be seen in the analysis of concrete manipulative techniques used within the political media discourse. Conclusion. Thus, the political media discourse is a separate discourse type that integrates typical features of the political and media discourses; it is a unity of the process and its result. Among its numerous functional features the main is instrumentality, which, from a linguistic perspective, presumes an impact, especially manipulative, on the receiver. Realization of such an impact is achieved by use of different linguistic means: nominative, axiological, and rhetoric

The article studies the functioning of English phraseological units with a coloristic component in media texts. Media-linguistics is one of the actual topics for linguistic researches as the media has quickly penetrated into all spheres of our lives and today it is difficult for us to imagine our everyday life without television, radio, magazines, newspapers and the Internet. The purpose of the article is to dwell on the peculiarities of the usage of idioms with a coloristic component in English media texts that have captured our attention today. The subject of the study is English phraseological units with a coloristic component. The article highlights the terms "phraseology", "phraseological unit" "and idiom", and presents different views on the definition of these concepts. The article outlines the basic features of these concepts and represents various definitions offered by scientists. In the article the term "color naming" is also mentioned as well as the concepts of «media linguistics» and "media text". The article focuses on the first group of media texts, i.e. the news that have the most informative function. Examples of the usage of phraseological units with a coloristic component in the publications of the British online edition of the BBC and the American news source CNN were given. Publications from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed to study modern English and current phraseological units, which made it possible to trace the most popular phraseological units with a coloristic component in British and American English. The article deals with the usage of idioms that include six color names (black, white, red, yellow, green, and blue). Such idioms were found in media texts of various subjects. First of all, political, economic and sports publications on the BBC and CNN were examined. The article describes the meaning of each idiom in terms of its usage in the context of media text, taking into account the possible positive and negative connotations.

The article studies the functioning of English phraseological units with a coloristic component in media texts. Media-linguistics is one of the actual topics for linguistic researches as the media has quickly penetrated into all spheres of our lives and today it is difficult for us to imagine our everyday life without television, radio, magazines, newspapers and the Internet. The purpose of the article is to dwell on the peculiarities of the usage of idioms with a coloristic component in English media texts that have captured our attention today. The subject of the study is English phraseological units with a coloristic component. The article highlights the terms "phraseology", "phraseological unit" "and idiom", and presents different views on the definition of these concepts. The article outlines the basic features of these concepts and represents various definitions offered by scientists. In the article the term "color naming" is also mentioned as well as the concepts of «media linguistics» and "media text". The article focuses on the first group of media texts, i.e. the news that have the most informative function. Examples of the usage of phraseological units with a coloristic component in the publications of the British online edition of the BBC and the American news source CNN were given. Publications from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed to study modern English and current phraseological units, which made it possible to trace the most popular phraseological units with a coloristic component in British and American English. The article deals with the usage of idioms that include six color names (black, white, red, yellow, green, and blue). Such idioms were found in media texts of various subjects. First of all, political, economic and sports publications on the BBC and CNN were examined. The article describes the meaning of each idiom in terms of its usage in the context of media text, taking into account the possible positive and negative connotations.

The article studies the functioning of English phraseological units with a coloristic component in media texts. Media-linguistics is one of the actual topics for linguistic researches as the media has quickly penetrated into all spheres of our lives and today it is difficult for us to imagine our everyday life without television, radio, magazines, newspapers and the Internet. The purpose of the article is to dwell on the peculiarities of the usage of idioms with a coloristic component in English media texts that have captured our attention today. The subject of the study is English phraseological units with a coloristic component. The article highlights the terms "phraseology", "phraseological unit" "and idiom", and presents different views on the definition of these concepts. The article outlines the basic features of these concepts and represents various definitions offered by scientists. In the article the term "color naming" is also mentioned as well as the concepts of «media linguistics» and "media text". The article focuses on the first group of media texts, i.e. the news that have the most informative function. Examples of the usage of phraseological units with a coloristic component in the publications of the British online edition of the BBC and the American news source CNN were given. Publications from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed to study modern English and current phraseological units, which made it possible to trace the most popular phraseological units with a coloristic component in British and American English. The article deals with the usage of idioms that include six color names (black, white, red, yellow, green, and blue). Such idioms were found in media texts of various subjects. First of all, political, economic and sports publications on the BBC and CNN were examined. The article describes the meaning of each idiom in terms of its usage in the context of media text, taking into account the possible positive and negative connotations.

The article deals with the problems of forming the image of Ukraine by the world mass media, on the example of France's mass media. The factors influencing the tonality of publications, and the difficulties in creating the external image of Ukraine in the French media are determined. The article is aimed at the study of theoretical studies on the image of Ukraine in the mass media of France. The paper also examines literature that reveals the mental image of Ukrainian civilization, and presents a study on this topic. It also indicates the influence of positive and negative features of the socio-political situation in Ukraine on the international image and the formation of a national image. In particular, the issue of the image of the state, which is shaped by the media and their role in this process, is considered in the paper. Attention is paid to the features of the information component of the image of the state. The attention is paid to the basic methods and means of forming an image, as well as the influence of information technologies and mass media on the creation of this or that image of the state. The features of media relations and political image of the state are revealed. The communication of the socio-political situation and information that exists in the information-only France, which serves as a partner in many important issues for Ukraine, is systematized. The article also examines the growing role of the media in shaping the country's internal and external course. The article comprehensively examines the features of the coverage of Ukrainian events in the French media, the factors of their formation and methods of influencing the public opinion of the external information space. The values of the Ukrainian factoring for interethnic processes through the materials of mass media in France and its use for creation of the foreign policy image are determined.Key words: image of Ukraine, international image, information space, France, media. ; У статті досліджено формування іміджу України засобами масової інформації Франції. Визначено чинники, що впливають на тональність публікацій, та труднощі у створенні позитивного образу України. Проаналізовано праці, які стосуються образу України у мас-медіа Франції.Ключові слова: образ України, міжнародний імідж, інформаційний простір, Франція, ЗМІ.

Предметом статті є аналіз елементів вірувань і релігійних уявлень сучасного канібалізму. На прикладі останнніх публікацій і досліджень, виконаних в галузі антропології та приматології, розглядається релігієзнавчий аспект указаного феномену. Наводяться також схеми класифікації канібалізму на базі наявних систем, розроблених сучасною антропологією і психологією. ; Предметом статьи является анализ элементов верований и религиозных представлений современного каннибализма. На примере недавних публикаций и исследований, осуществлённых в области антропологии и приматологии, рассматривается религиоведческий аспект данного феномена. Также приводятся схемы классификации каннибализма на базе имеющихся систем, разработанных современной антропологией и психологией. ; The article provides a comprehensive review of latest religious studies research into the phenomenon of cannibalism. All materials are supported with real-world modern examples, based on media reports and findings of primatology and anthropology. In attempt of revealing religious aspect of cannibalism the article presents interesting findings from the author's own anthropological experience in Western Africa. Using classification schemes of the subject, mainly developed and represented in the field of anthropology, the author compares similar aspects in both approaches of anthropology and religious studies. Having applied a variety of classification schemes and methods, the author demonstrates a number of interesting findings.Study analyzes religious meaning of cannibalism that overlaps with social and political significance of consuming enemies to mark one's dominance and superiority or consuming a dead relative to express love, or in attempt to distance the spirit of the deceased from the world of the living, or to acquire physical or spiritual qualities contained in the corpse. Thus sacrifice, the aggressive destruction of enemies, and the devoted incorporation of anxious destruction of a loved one's body are all facets of cannibalism that may be presented in different cultural context. Despite the common assumptions that cannibalism has been seen as characteristic of primitive communities the article analyzes variety of cannibalistic practices in modern complex society.The article contains some fundamental assumptions supporting the belief that traditional approach contributes to seemingly counter-productive common attitude to the phenomenon of cannibalism and prevents academic minds from deeper understanding of it. The author pays particular attention to the aspect of presence or absence of religious beliefs behind all the mentioned acts.

Introduction. This article exposes manipulative impact of the political media discourse of the Russian Internet resource sputniknews.com for September 2016, represented by English-language political media texts about events in Ukraine.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to disclose the role of language in exerting a manipulative impact in the frame of the political media discourse in question.Results. The article holds that immanent chacarteristics of language and its units, in particular lexical and syntactic, make it possible to covertly (manipulatively) affect public consciousness, shaping or changing it. It also shows that the language of the political media discourse differes from the ordinary, every-day language in the way information is presented, i.e. facts and events are named and assessed. Thus, a purposeful use of nominative, axiological, and rhetorical linguistic means makes it possible to covertly insert in people's mind certain ideas, values, and beliefs, which is a manipulative impact on the public consciousness. Originality. Originality of this article is provided by a complex approach to the analysis of the political media discourse. The article contributes to the discourse analysis, in particular to the studies of its communicative, pragmatic and linguistic-pragmatic characteristics.The perspective of the problem under discussion can be seen in the analysis of the role of quazi-linguistic and extra-linguistic means that, by accompanying linguistic means, are used to exert a manipulative impact on public consciousness.Conclusion. Thus, according to the obtained data, English-language political media texts about events in Ukraine that represent the political media discourse of the Russian Internet resource sputniknews.com for September 2016 typically exert a manipulative impact on public consciousness. It is done by a purposeful use of linguistic means that provide various interpretations of concrete facts, political events, and social reality with the aim to orchestrate their understanding and evaluation.

The author makes an attempt to prove a self-organisation approach to the social and media studies. The article analyzes the phenomenon of Majdan, functionality and dysfunctionality of political and spiritual elite in publications of Ukrainian mass media.Key words: synergetics, bifurcation, Maidan, political elite, spiritual elite. ; Автор робить спробу застосувати синергетичну концепцію до суспільних та медіа-досліждень. Зокрема у статті проаналізовано феномен Майдану, функці-ональность та дисфункціональності політичної та духовної еліти за публікаціями українських ЗМІ. Ключові слова: синергетика, система, біфуркація, Майдан, політична еліта, ду-ховна еліта.

During the 2019 election campaign in Ukraine, one of the candidates successfully used the serial and political show. The purpose of the article is to describe the use of the serial and political show in the election campaign, to find out the reasons for the successful use of these new forms of political media communication. The study applied the method of social and psychological justification of electoral behavior under the influence of non-traditional forms of political media communication. The theoretical basis of the study is the theories of cognitive dissonance and cognitive congruence, social perception and causal attribution, as well as the socio-communication model of the «spiral of silence». It is established that the success of the serial and political show in the election campaign is due to a number of factors: the presence of social expectations in society, a paradigm shift, social cognitive dissonance. It is found out that with the help of the TV serial the image of V. Zelensky as a successful and democratic president was formed in the voters' minds, as well as the idea of a majority opinion was artificially created. With the help of a political show in which V. Zelensky acted as president and other political figures, the audience was convinced that his election victory was irreversible. He has become a well-known person among the population thanks to the popular serials and films that are broadcast on the television channel, which is the leader among the population in ratings and trust. This data confirms the long-term impact of television and impact of media linked to political parties on the election results. The results of the article can be used in planning political campaigns and in further studies of the influence of the media on voter behavior.Key words: applied communication technologies, elections, media, television, political technologies, media psychology. ; Під час передвиборчої кампанії 2019 р. в Україні одним з кандидатів було успішно використано серіал та політичне шоу. Мета статті – ...

The article is devoted to the value of the concept of «image» in his relationship with the concepts of «symbol», «plant», «social stereotype» and others. concepts of sociology, social and political psychology. Image of scientific literature mainly seen in dvoaspektnomu dimension, namely as spontaneous generated image of any object (including the state as an abstract object) and the result of conscious purposeful design, appropriate activities that allow, given appropriate expectations, create one­sided, exaggerated, accented at the level of imagination perception. Recently, through the media and through opinion leaders to be spread through various channels of social communication. The symbol takes on the image of the instrumental function, while the image can serve as a reflection of a large set of symbols with uniform values for different social groups (it is the so­called «axial» or archetype characters). Image of scientific literature mainly seen in dimension, namely as spontaneous generated image of any object (including the state as an abstract object) and the result of conscious purposeful design, appropriate activities that allow, given appropriate expectations, create one­sided, exaggerated, accented at the level of imagination perception. Recently, through the media and through opinion leaders to be spread through various channels of social communication. However, the symbols for fashion design to be stereotyped as mass consciousness tends to simplification (reduction) of any perсeptual constructs. That is why the image of the state should be formed homogeneous set of stereotyped characters, which regularly operate in mass communication helps to perpetuate them in the settings (attitudes) large social groups. ; Статтю присвячено проблемі співвідношення концепту «імідж» з концептами «символ», «установка», «соціальний стереотип» та ін. концептами соціології, соціальної та політичної психології. Імідж у науковій літературі розглядається переважно в двоаспектному вимірі, а саме: як стихійно­створюваний образ будь­якого об'єкта (включаючи державу як абстрактний об'єкт) та результат свідомого цілеспрямованого конструювання, відповідної діяльності, яка дозволяє, враховуючи відповідні очікування, створювати однобічні, гіперболізовані, акцентовані на рівні уяви перцепції. Останні, за допомогою ЗМІ і через лідерів, думки підлягають поширенню по різних каналах соціальних комунікацій. Символ виконує щодо іміджу інструментальну функцію, в той час як імідж може слугувати відображенням значної сукупності символів, що мають однорідне значення для різних соціальних груп (йдеться про так звані «осьові», або ж архетипові символи). імідж у науковій літературі розглядається переважно в двоаспектному вимірі, а саме: як стихійно­створюваний образ будь­якого об'єкта (включаючи державу як абстрактний об'єкт) та результат свідомого цілеспрямованого конструювання, відповідної діяльності, яка дозволяє, враховуючи відповідні очікування, створювати однобічні, гіперболізовані, акцентовані на рівні уяви перцепції. Останні, за допомогою ЗМІ і через лідерів думки підлягають поширенню по різних каналах соціальних комунікацій. Водночас символи для іміджевого конструювання мають бути стереотипізованими, оскільки масова свідомість тяжіє до спрощення (редукування) будь­яких перцептуальних конструктів. Саме тому імідж держави має утворюватись сукупністю однорідних стереотипізованих символів, регулярне оперування якими в масових комунікаціях сприяє закріпленню їх в установках (атитюдах) великих соціальних груп. ; Статтю присвячено проблемі співвідношення концепту «імідж» з концептами «символ», «установка», «соціальний стереотип» та ін. концептами соціології, соціальної та політичної психології. Імідж у науковій літературі розглядається переважно в двоаспектному вимірі, а саме: як стихійно­створюваний образ будь­якого об'єкта (включаючи державу як абстрактний об'єкт) та результат свідомого цілеспрямованого конструювання, відповідної діяльності, яка дозволяє, враховуючи відповідні очікування, створювати однобічні, гіперболізовані, акцентовані на рівні уяви перцепції. Останні, за допомогою ЗМІ і через лідерів, думки підлягають поширенню по різних каналах соціальних комунікацій. Символ виконує щодо іміджу інструментальну функцію, в той час як імідж може слугувати відображенням значної сукупності символів, що мають однорідне значення для різних соціальних груп (йдеться про так звані «осьові», або ж архетипові символи). імідж у науковій літературі розглядається переважно в двоаспектному вимірі, а саме: як стихійно­створюваний образ будь­якого об'єкта (включаючи державу як абстрактний об'єкт) та результат свідомого цілеспрямованого конструювання, відповідної діяльності, яка дозволяє, враховуючи відповідні очікування, створювати однобічні, гіперболізовані, акцентовані на рівні уяви перцепції. Останні, за допомогою ЗМІ і через лідерів думки підлягають поширенню по різних каналах соціальних комунікацій. Водночас символи для іміджевого конструювання мають бути стереотипізованими, оскільки масова свідомість тяжіє до спрощення (редукування) будь­яких перцептуальних конструктів. Саме тому імідж держави має утворюватись сукупністю однорідних стереотипізованих символів, регулярне оперування якими в масових комунікаціях сприяє закріпленню їх в установках (атитюдах) великих соціальних груп.

The study discusses the ways of textual representation of the cultural and mythological image of the hero in mass media texts, selected in British and Ukrainian periodicals and related to Brexit and elections in Ukraine. The work confirmed that media texts are audience-oriented and, therefore, they actively apply mythological elements to intensify their impact. One of the major mythological images is that of the hero who is designed to be a role-model for the masses and their behavior. The consideration of this image verbalization is topical for lingvo-cultural studies as well as for other related fields, e.g. sociolinguistics, social and political studies etc.The aim of this research was to consider the verbalization of the image of hero in British and Ukrainian media texts. To achieve this aim, it was necessary to fulfil the following tasks: to describe the main properties of media texts; identify the role of the image of the hero among other cultural and mythological images and motifs; specify the notion of the hero and semantically related notions; consider the selected British and Ukrainian mass media texts and analyze the verbalization of the above image therein.It was shown that the image of the hero functions in the media texts as a semantic element, tightly integrated and overlapping with eschatological motifs, including apocalyptic ones, as well as with the such mythological images as enemy, battle, war, salvation and miracle. The research involved the comparison of hero or heroine descriptions given in British and Ukrainian media texts. Word families and semantic fields, associated with the above images were analyzed. It was also noted that modern media texts often involve a combination of communication channels thus becoming multimedial, which was clearly demonstrated in the British textual sources. The prospects for further research were suggested.Key words: cultural hero, mythological image, enemy, media text, battle, eschatological motif. ; Робота містить лінгвокультурологічний аналіз способів омовлення міфологічного образу героя в медіатекстах, присвячених процесу Брекзиту й виборів в Україні. Підтверджено, що медіатексти орієнтовані впливати на аудиторію, а тому активно застосовують міфологічні елементи для посилення такого впливу. Виявлено, що образ героя функціонує в медіатекстах не відокремлено, а в тісному зв'язку з есхатологічними мотивами, зокрема Апокаліпсису, й образами ворога, битви, війни, спасіння й чуда. Здійснено порівняння характеристик образу героя в британських й українських текстах.Виявлено словотвірні гнізда й описано семантичні поля, асоційовані з відповідними образами.Ключові слова: культурний герой, міфологічний образ, ворог, медіатекст, битва, есхатологічний мотив.

The article explores irony in political discourse as a manifestation of the general attitudes ofpostmodern self-consciousness. It has been found that the phenomenon of irony in political discourse is a model of themodern world-view of political realities as semantically ambiguous, intertextual, culturally-conditioned components of thepostmodern multimedia picture of the world. The approach to irony as a synthesis of the ideological process and a linguistic phenomenon made it possible to describe the mechanism of the functioning of irony in the British political media discourse.Irony can be realized by means of all linguistic levels, provided they are used in contexts that have a semantic ambiguity. Thestylistic devices of creating ironic sense in the British political media discourse are mainly metaphors, paraphrases, paradoxes,bringing to the point of absurdity. A significant feature of modern political discourse is the irony of the allusion and quotationtypes. Different quotations, allusions, reminiscences, which are peculiar "texts in the text", expand the intertextual frameworkof a political article and function as mechanisms for the realization of irony. In the British political media discourse theintensity of ironic mock can be different: its degree varies from mild, friendly and benevolent to evil, caustic, sarcastic. Thedegree of ridicule depends on the emotional intensity of the criticism that the irony conveys. References Antonova, Tatyana. 2014. "Metaforicheskaya interpretatsiya uchastnikov sotsialnogo konflikta vmediadiskurse". Politicheskaya lingvistika 1 (47):131–135.Bahtin, Mihail. 1990. Tvorchestvo Fransua Rable i narodnaya kultura rednevekovya i Renessansa. Moskva:Hudozhestvennaya literatura.Veselova, Natalya. 2003. "Ironiya v politicheskom diskurse". PhD diss., Nizhniy Novgorod.Gornostaeva, Anna. 2013. Ironiya kak komponent angliyskogo stilya kommunikatsii. Moskva: Maska.Ermakova, Olga. 2014. "Yavlyaetsya li ironiya rechevyim zhanrom? (Esche raz o nekotoryih osobennostyahironii)". Zhanryi rechi 1–2 (9–10):74 – 80.Maltseva, Olha. 2018. "Modusy smikhu v sotsiokulturnii dynamitsi". PhD diss., Dnipro.Yanovska, Halyna. 2006. "Freimova reprezentatsiia ironii v presi (na materialakh ukrainskoi, rosiiskoi, polskoita anhlomovnoi presy)". PhD diss., Donetsk.Bell, Allan. 1991. The Language of News Media. Oxford: Blackwell.Craig, Stewart. 2013. "Strategies of Verbal Irony in Visual Satire: Reading The New Yorker's "Politics of Fear"Cover". Humor: International Journal of Humor Research 26(2):197–217.Develotte, Christine and Rechniewski, Elizabeth. 2001. "Discourse Analysis of Newspaper Headlines: AMethodological Framework for Research into National Representations". The Web Journal of French MediaStudies 4(1). [Electronic resource] Access mode: http://wjfms.ncl.ac.uk/enframes.htmLutzker, E. 1999. "Violence and the Sublime in Mass Media". New York Studies in Media and Philosophy 4.[Electronic resource] Access mode: http://www.egs.edu/mediaphi/pdfs/emily_violence_sublime.pdfBehr, Rafael. April 19, 2018. "In This Golden Age of Political Arrogance, David Cameron Is King." TheGuardian. Access mode: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/19/political-arrogance-david-cameron-brexitBehr, Rafael. December 10, 2018. "A No-deal Brexit Would Be the Deranged Action of a Rogue State". TheGuardian. Access mode: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/dec/10/no-deal-brexit-theresa-mayBehr, Rafael. January 29, 2019. "Thinks She's Won. But the Reality of Brexit Will Soon Hit Her Again". TheGuardian. Access mode: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/jan/29/may-brexit-brady-amendmentBehr, Rafael. December 14, 2018. "Westminster Has Known the Options Since 2016. Which Brexit Does ItWant?" The Guardian. Access mode: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/dec/14/westminster-2016-brexit-british-politicsBehr, Rafael. December 31, 2018. "Don't Expect Brexit to Give Us a British Alexander Hamilton?" TheGuardian. Access mode: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/dec/31/brexit-british-alexander-hamilton-revolutionariesJenkins, Simon. February 11, 2019. "British 'Lethality'? Gavin Williamson's Brain Has Gone Absent WithoutLeave." The Guardian. Access mode: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/feb/11/gavin-williamson-defence-policy-ukLeir, Ron. April 18, 2018. "Getting at the truth can be dangerous to your health." The Observer. Access mode:http://www.theobserver.com/?s=Getting+at+the+truth+can+be+dangerous+to+your+healthMoore, Suzanne. September 25, 2016. "City Figures Hit Out at May over Lack of Clarity on Brexit Strategy."The Guardian. Access mode: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/sep/25/city-figures-hit-out-theresa-may-over-lack-of-clarity-on-brexit-strategy#comments ; У статті досліджено процес іронізації в політичному дискурсі як прояв загальних установокпостмодерністської самосвідомості. З'ясовано, що феномен іронії в політичному дискурсі є моделлю сучасногосвітосприйняття політичних реалій як семантично неоднозначних, інтертекстуальних, культурно зумовленихкомпонентів постмодерністської мультимедійної картини світу. Погляд на іронію як синтез ідеологічного процесу ілінгвістичного явища дав змогу описати специфіку механізму функціонування іронії в британському політичномумедіа-дискурсі. Іронія може реалізовуватися лінгвістичними засобами всіх мовних рівнів за умови їх вживання вконтекстах, які несуть смислову двозначність. Серед стилістичних засобів створення іронічного смислу вангломовному політичному дискурсі переважно вживаються метафори, перифрази, парадокси, доведення доабсурду. Значущою рисою сучасного політичного дискурсу є іронія цитатного й алюзивного типів. Різного видуцитати, алюзії, ремінісценції, що є своєрідними «текстами в тексті», розширюють інтертекстуальну рамку політичноїстатті й функціонують як механізми реалізації іронії. У британському політичному медіа-дискурсі інтенсивністьіронічної насмішки може бути різною: її ступінь коливається від легкої, дружньої та доброзичливої до злої, уїдливої,саркастичної. Ступінь насмішки залежить від емоційної насиченості критики, яку передає іронія.

In the EU citizens realize their political rights at national and local levels. An important role is played by the national media, which do not only inform citizens about the policies of the Union, but as well shape public opinion on certain trans-European political decisions, and thus contribute to popularizing and supporting the process of European integration. The availability of reliable information about the EU is a prerequisite for citizens' greater political activity. Another problematic point is the "nationalization" of European topics by Member States when issues of a trans-European scale are treated purely from the national perspective. The negative consequence of this approach is the reduction of the level of public interest in European issues and, as a result, the decline in trust to the EU institutions. The article analyzes the horizontal and vertical dimensions of media information of EU citizens to support social integration, it studies the channels of communication with the media and citizens. ; В ЕС граждане реализуют свои политические права на национальном и местном уровнях. Существенную роль при этом играют национальные масс медиа, которые не только информируют граждан о политике Союза, но и формируют общественное мнение относительно конкретных трансъевропейских политических решений, а следовательно и способствуют популяризации и поддержке процесса европейской интеграции. Доступность надежной информации о ЕС является предпосылкой большей политической активности граждан. Проблемным моментом является «национализация» европейских тем государствами- членами, когда вопрос общеевропейского масштаба трактуется сугубо с национальной перспективы. Негативным последствием такого подхода является снижение уровня заинтересованности граждан в общеевропейских вопросах и, как результат, снижение уровня доверия к институтам ЕС. В статье рассмотрены горизонтальный и вертикальный уровни медиа информирования граждан ЕС для поддержки социальной интеграции, исследованы каналы коммуникации с медиа и гражданами. ; У ЄС громадяни реалізують свої політичні права на національному та місцевому рівнях. Суттєву роль при цьому відіграють національні медіа, які не лише інформують громадян про політику Союзу, а й формують громадську думку стосовно конкретних транс'європейських політичних рішень, а отже й сприяють популяризації й підтримці процесу європейської інтеграції. Доступність надійної інформації про ЄС є передумовою більшої політичної активності громадян. Проблемним моментом є «націоналізація» європейських тем державами- членами, коли питання загальноєвропейського масштабу трактуються суто з національної перспективи. Негативним наслідком такого підходу є зниження рівня зацікавленості громадян у загальноєвропейських питаннях і, як результат, зниження рівня довіри до інституцій ЄС. У статті запропоновано горизонтальний та вертикальний виміри медіа-інформування громадян ЄС для підтримки соціальної інтеграції, досліджено канали комунікації з медіа й громадянами.