EY-julkisuus, viestintstrategiat ja kansalaisten tiedontaso
In: Julkaisuja
In: 1 C 3/93
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In: Julkaisuja
In: 1 C 3/93
In: Arctic review on law and politics, Band 13
ISSN: 2387-4562
The Arctic has been home to Indigenous peoples since long before the international legal system of sovereign states came into existence. International law has increasingly recognized the rights of Indigenous peoples, who also have status as Permanent Participants in the Arctic Council. In northern Canada, the majority of those who live in the Arctic are recognized as Indigenous. However, in northern Russia, a much smaller percentage of the population is identified as Indigenous, as legal recognition is only accorded to groups with a small population size. This article will compare Russian and Canadian approaches to recognition of Indigenous peoples and Indigenous rights in the Arctic with attention to the implications for Arctic Ocean governance.
The article first introduces international legal instruments of importance to Indigenous peoples and their rights in the Arctic. Then it considers the domestic legal and policy frameworks that define Indigenous rights and interests in Russia and Canada. Despite both states being members of the Arctic Council and parties to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, there are many differences in their treatment of Indigenous peoples with implications for Arctic Ocean governance.
In: Julkaisuja / Tampereen yliopisto, Tiedotusopin laitos. Sarja C 17/1992
In: Publications / University of Tampere, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication. Series C
ISSN: 0802-5738
ISSN: 0802-5738
In: Julkaisuja / Tampereen yliopisto, Tiedotusopin laitos. Sarja B 33/1991
In: Publications / University of Tampere, Department of Journalismin [sic] and Mass Communication. Series B
In: Internasjonal politikk, Band 69, Heft 4, S. 721-723
ISSN: 0020-577X
In: Internasjonal politikk, Band 68, Heft 4, S. 647-650
ISSN: 0020-577X
In: Arctic review on law and politics, Band 13
ISSN: 2387-4562
This comparative article reveals how the general focus of Canadian and Russian threat perceptions in the Arctic have shifted from a Cold War fixation on hard defence to accommodate soft security issues over the last three decades. Both countries now pay greater attention to threats and challenges stemming from climate change, security, and safety risks associated with resource development and increasingly accessible sea routes. Although concern about military conflict arising from Arctic disputes continues to frame some media discussions in both countries, most strategic analysts and academics have moved away from this line of argument. Instead, military functions now include assertion of Canadian and Russian sovereignty over their respective internal waters, as well as protection of resources in their exclusive economic zones and on and in extended continental shelves; protection of economic interests in the North, including mineral and bio-resources; prevention of potential terrorist attacks against critical industrial and state infrastructure; and dual-use functions, such as search and rescue operations, surveillance of air and maritime spaces, support to safe navigation, and mitigation of natural and human-made catastrophes.
The authors argue that analysts should parse two forms of military modernization in the Arctic: one of capability development related to the global strategic balance, where the Arctic serves as a bastion or a thoroughfare; and a second intended to address emerging non-traditional security challenges. They contend that these modernization programs do not inherently upset the Arctic military balance and need not provoke a regional arms race.